Army & Navy Stores (United Kingdom)
Army & Navy Stores e ne e le setlhopha sa mabenkele a magolo kwa United Kingdom, se se simolotseng jaaka mokgatlho wa tirisanommogo
| Type | Private |
|---|---|
| Industry | Department store |
| Fate | Take-over by House of Fraser |
| Successor | House of Fraser |
| Headquarters | Victoria Street, London, UK |
ya badiredi ba sesole le ba malapa a bone mo ngwagakgolong wa lesome le borobongwe. Mokgatlho o ne wa nna khampani e e nang le maikarabelo a a lekanyeditsweng ka bo1930 mme wa reka mabenkele a mantsi a a ikemetseng ka bo1950 le bo1960. Ka 1973, setlhopha sa Army and Navy Stores se ne sa rekwa ke House of Fraser. Ka 2005, mabenkele a a setseng a Army & Navy (lebenkele le le kwa Victoria Street kwa London le mabenkele a kwa Camberley, le Chichester) a ne a tlhabololwa le go tsenngwa letshwao la House of Fraser. [1]Ntlo ya Fraser ka boyona e ne ya rekwa ke khampani ya dipeeletso ya Iceland, Baugur Group, kwa bokhutlong jwa 2006, mme morago ya rekwa ke Sports Direct ka 10 Phatwe 2018.[2]
Lebenkele la Victoria Street, le kgabagare le neng le gweba ka leina la House of Fraser, le ne le le kwa City of Westminster, kwa borwa jwa St. Kwa James's Park. Ke lone fela lebenkele le legolo le le rekisang mo lefelong leno. Nngwe le nngwe ya mabenkele a yone a le manè e ne e rekisa dilwana tse di farologaneng tse di akaretsang diaparo, dilwana tsa go ikgabisa le tsa go ikgabisa, fanitšhara, dilwana tsa mo ntlong le tsa motlakase. 'Lefatshe la Dijo', e leng kgopolo e ntšhwa ya holo ya dijo mo mabenkeleng a House of Fraser (e e simolotsweng kwa Birmingham ka 2003), e ne ya bulwa kwa boalong jo bo kwa tlase go tsamaisana le go bulwa gape ga lebenkele ka fa tlase ga leina la 'House of Fraser' mme ya tswalwa ka 2021.[3] Kago e ne ya thubiwa ka ngwaga wa 2022 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2023, mme ya emisediwa ka kago ya matlhatlaganyane a le 16 e e bidiwang 105 Victoria.[4]
Histori
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Army & Navy Co-operative society shareholder's ticket Victoria Store as House of Fraser ka fa mojeng Victoria store as House of Fraser ka fa molemeng The Army & Navy Co-operative Society Ltd. e ne ya tlhomiwa ka 15 Lwetse 1871, e tlhamiwa ke setlhopha sa masole le badiredi ba sesole sa lewatle. Maikemisetso a koporasi ya sesole e ne e le go tlamela maloko a yona ka dithoto ka ditlhotlhwa tse di kwa tlase tsa dituelo, mme e ne e ikaegile ka mefuta e mebedi ya pele - Mokgatlho wa Thuso ya Badiredipuso le Mokgatlho wa Koporasi ya Badiredipuso[5]. Mokgatlho o ne wa hira karolo ya lefelo la distillery kwa Victoria Street, London, e e neng e le ya Vickers & Co, mme ka February 1872 lebenkele le le rekisang dijo le ne la bulwa mo lefelong leo. Ka 1873, lebenkele leno le ne le na le dilo tsa go kwala, go roka, dilwana tsa maemo a a kwa godimo, dilwana tsa go roka, dilwana tsa go reka dijo, khemiseteri tota le lefapha la dibetsa. Lebenkele le ne la itshupa le le lennye thata mo kgwebong e e golang ka jalo maloko a a simolotseng a ne a hira ntlo e e bapileng le bobolokelo jwa bone jo bo neng bo le teng mme ba reka bobolokelo jo bongwe gape kwa Johnson Place.[6]
Ka 1876, kgwebo e ne e setse e godile thata go feta lefelo le e neng e le mo go lone. Ba ne ba hira madirelo a mangwe a distillery go tswa kwa Vickers, ba tswala bobolokelo jwa bone kwa Johnson Place ba fudugela kwa lefelong le lesha kwa Ranelagh Road kwa Pimlico. Kgwebo eno jaanong e ne e neela maloko a yone lefapha la tsa banka, mme e ne e buile le bone ka kgetho ya lefelo leo e le karolo ya tumalano ya go le hira kwa Victoria Street. Kgetho eno e ne ya dirwa ka 1878, mme e ne ya dira gore go rekwe karolo ya dikago tsa Victoria Street. Go ne ga okediwa ka phaposi e e nang le dilo tse di lapolosang mo lebenkeleng leno e le gore le kgone go ngoka bareki ba le bantsi. Lebenkele gape le ne la atologa le lefatshe ka bophara ka go bula diofisi kwa Paris le Leipzig.[7]

Kgwebo eno e ne ya tswelela pele e gola, mme ka 1881 mokgatlho ono o ne wa reka lefelo le le setseng la go ritela le dikago tse di amanang le lone. Mo dikgweding tse di latelang go ne ga bulwa mafapha a a neng a akaretsa lefelo lotlhe. Mo godimo ga moo, bobolokelo bo ne jwa fudusediwa kwa Tooley Street kwa Westminster, mme lefelo la Pimlico jaanong le dira jaaka lefelo la go dira diaparo le go gatisa. Go ne go gatisiwa dibuka mo ntlong eno go tloga ka 1877. Go ne ga rekwa lefelo le lengwe gape la bothibelelo kwa Johnson Street, mme diofisi tse di kwa Howick Place di ne tsa fetolwa go nna mafelo a go rekisa. Ka nako eno kgwebo e ne e setse e okeditse kgwebo ya yone ka go rekisa fanitšhara le go nna le ofisi ya boagelani.[8]
Mokgatlho o ne wa tswelela o gola, ka jalo go ne ga okediwa ka mafelo a masha. Ka 1890 mabenkele a ne a bulwa kwa Plymouth, le kwa Bombay, kwa India, fa ka 1891 lebenkele le lengwe le ne la bulwa kwa Karachi. Kgwebo eno ya kwa India e ne ya tswelela ka go bulwa ga mabenkele kwa Calcutta ka 1900, fa mabenkele kwa New Delhi, Shimla le Ranchi a ne a bulwa ka bo1930.[9]
Mokgatlho o ne wa tswelela go atologa kwa Lontone, wa tlhoma madirelo a mantšhwa a dijo kwa Coburg Road, mme wa reka mafelo a a oketsegileng go bapa le Victoria Street.[10] [11]Mokgatlho ono o ne o na le lenaane le legolo la ditlhwatlhwa le le nang le ditshwantsho le le neng le ka kopiwa ka founo.
Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya I e ne ya dira gore kgwebo e senyege thata, mme seno se ne sa emisediwa ka konteraka e e neng e tswa kwa War Office. Morago ga ntwa, mokgatlho o ne wa itewa ke ditlhaselo tsa badiri ba one, fela o ne wa tswelela go tlhabolola lefelo la Victoria Street mme ka 1922 go ne ga okediwa ka lefelo le lesha. [12]
Leloko la bofelo le le neng le santse le tshela la lekgotla la ntlha, Mokapotene Ernest Lewis, o ne a tlhokafala ka 3 Moranong 1926. E ne e le motsamaisi-mmogo le motshwaramatlotlo go fitlha a tlogela tiro ka Phukwi 1914 morago ga dingwaga di le 43 a le mo mokgatlhong. Mongwe wa barwa ba gagwe e ne e le Donald Swain Lewis, motlhankedi wa maemo a a kwa godimo, yo o neng a tlhokafala mo Royal Flying Corps ka 1916. [13]
Ka 1934, mokgatlho o ne wa tsenngwa mo khampaning e e lekanyeditsweng - Army & Navy Stores Ltd. The Army and Navy Stores Limited 'General Price list 1935-36' e kwadile diphaposi tsa go bontsha le diofisi kwa 105 Victoria Street, Francis Street le Howick Place, Westminster SW1. Mabolokelo a ne a kwadilwe kwa Union Street, kwa Plymouth, kwa Devon le kwa India kwa Esplanade Road, kwa Bombay le kwa Chowringhee, kwa Calcutta. Gape go ne go na le bobolokelo jwa fanitšhara le phaposi e e bolokesegileng kwa Turnham Green le phaposi ya fantisi kwa Greencoat Place SW1.[14]
Kgwebo e ne ya tlhaselwa thata ka nako ya Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Lefatshe ka mafelo a yone kwa Turnham Green le Portsmouth a ne a senyegelwa ke dibomo thata, fa depo ya yone ya Plymouth e ne ya senngwa gotlhelele. Mathata a kgwebo a ne a oketsega morago ga ntwa fa India e ne e bona boipuso ka 1947. Lebenkele la bofelo la bokoloniale le ne la tswalwa kwa Bombay ka 1952.[15]
Fa go ne go tswalwa makala kwa moseja, go ne ga dirwa dithulaganyo tsa go atolosa kgwebo ya mo gae. Go rekwa ga mabenkele a ntlha a diporofense go ne ga dirwa ka 1953 ka go rekwa ga Genge & Co ya Dorchester. Seno se ne sa latelwa ka bonako ke go rekwa ga William Harvey wa Guildford mo go one ngwaga oo. Ka 1955, khampani e ne ya oketsa ka J D Morant wa Chichester. Go ne ga rekwa gape Thomas Clarkson wa Wolverhampton ka 1960, Thomas White & Co wa Aldershot ka 1961, Burgis & Colbourne wa Leamington Spa ka 1963 le Parsons & Hart wa Andover ka 1965. Mabenkele a kwa Bromley a Harrison Gibson a ne a tsenngwa mo setlhopheng ka 1968. E ne e se ditheko fela tse madi a neng a dirisiwa mo go tsone lebenkele le lesha le ne la agiwa kwa Camberley ka 1964 mme la tsenngwa letshwao la William Harvey, fa mabenkele a kwa Guildford, Chichester, Dorchester le Wolverhampton a ne a neelwa dikoketso tse dintšhwa. [16]
Go ne ga simololwa tiro ya go emisetsa lebenkele la bogologolo la Victoria Street ka 1973. Kago e ntšhwa e ne ya wediwa ka 1977,[17]e dirilwe ke baitseanape ba kwa London ba Elsom Pack & Roberts.[18]
Ka 1973, Army and Navy Stores e ne ya rekwa ke House of Fraser. Mabenkele a John Barker & Co kwa Kensington le Eastbourne a ne a kopanngwa le Army & Navy. Moragonyana setlhopha se ne sa atolosiwa ka go okediwa ga mabenkele a Chiesmans, gareng ga a mangwe, go porofeshenale ya sone.[19]
Metswedi
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]- ↑ "Last post for Army & Navy store". London Evening Standard. 1 October 2004. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ↑ "House of Fraser bought by Sports Direct for £90m". BBC News. 10 August 2018.
- ↑ "Victoria's House of Fraser to shut after 150 years". London Evening Standard. 23 April 2021.
- ↑ "Skanska awarded £235m Westminster office block". Building. 3 March 2022.
- ↑ "Army & Navy Stores Ltd Army & Navy Co-operative Society Ltd". House of Fraser Archive (Record: c0512). Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ↑ "Army & Navy Stores Ltd Army & Navy Co-operative Society Ltd". House of Fraser Archive (Record: c0512). Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ↑ "Army & Navy Stores Ltd Army & Navy Co-operative Society Ltd". House of Fraser Archive (Record: c0512). Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ↑ "Army & Navy Stores Ltd Army & Navy Co-operative Society Ltd". House of Fraser Archive (Record: c0512). Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ↑ "Army & Navy Stores Ltd Army & Navy Co-operative Society Ltd". House of Fraser Archive (Record: c0512). Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ↑ The Times, Thursday 29 April 1926; pg. 25
- ↑ Ward, Robert (2013). Wealth and Notoriety: the extraordinary families of William Levy and Charles Lewis of London. ISBN 9781291334777. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ↑ "Army & Navy Stores Ltd Army & Navy Co-operative Society Ltd". House of Fraser Archive (Record: c0512). Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ↑ Tyrrell-Lewis, D.H.G. (2012). Facta Non Verba. p. 26. ISBN 9781471607264. Retrieved 30 December 2015
- ↑ "Army & Navy Stores Ltd Army & Navy Co-operative Society Ltd". House of Fraser Archive (Record: c0512). Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ↑ The Times, Monday 17 April 1972; pg. 24; Issue 58454
- ↑ The Times, Monday 17 April 1972; pg. 24; Issue 58454
- ↑ The Times, Monday 17 April 1972; pg. 24; Issue 58454
- ↑ The Times, Monday 17 April 1972; pg. 24; Issue 58454
- ↑ The Times, Monday 17 April 1972; pg. 24; Issue 58454