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Barwa ba Aforika

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Barwa ba Aforika e ne e le setlhopha sa kwa Britain sa lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le boferabobedi se se neng se boloditse letsholo la go fedisa bokgoba jwa dithoto jwa Aforika. Mokgatlho wa sone o biditswe lekgotla la ntlha la sepolotiki sa batho bantsho kwa Britain.[1][2] Maloko a sone e ne e le ma Aforika a a rutegileng kwa London, ba akaretsa makgoba a pele a tshwana le Ottobah Cugoano, Olaudah Equiano le maloko a mangwe a a eteletseng pele a batho bantsho ba London.[3]

O ne o amana thata le mokgatlho wa go emisa kgwebo ya makgoba, o e leng setlhopha se e seng sa kereke epe se se simolotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1787 ke Granville Sharp le Thomas Clarkson.

Olaudah Equiano, leloko la maemo la Barwa ba Aforika.

Kwa lefatsheng la Britain, mo lekgolong la dingwaga di le lesome le boferabobedi, ditlhopha di ne di rulaganya go fedisa kgwebo ya makgoba le go fedisa bokgoba. Badumedi ba ne ba tsaya karolo. Setlhopha se sešha e ne e le sa Barwa ba Aforika, se se neng se dirilwe ke ma Aforika a a neng a golotswe mo bokgobeng ba nna kwa London, jaaka Ottobah Cugoano le Olaudah Equiano. Ka nako eo kwa Britain, palo e e bonalang ya ma Aforika e ne e kgobokane kwa London, ka batho bantsho ba akanyediwa go nna dikete di le lesome, bontsi ba na le ditso tsa bokgoba. Gantsi ba ne ba tsamaya le beng ba bone go nna batlhanka ba bone.[2] Bontsi bo ne bo rutegile ebile bo dirisa thuto ya bone go gwetlha palamente ka dikgang tse, ga mmogo le go kwalela dipampiri tsa dikgang le go bua kwa dithuto se ka dipuisanong. Ba ne ba dirisana le mokgatlho o mošha wa kemiso ya kgwebo ya makgoba wa ngwaga ya 1787, o akaretsa badumedi le ba kereke ya Anglican, ba akaretsa Thomas Clarkson. Barwa ba Aforika ba ne ba mmitsa "tsala ya rona ya gale le gale."[4]

Equiano o ne a ithutile ka tsheko ya go tsaya madi ya ngwaga wa 1783 e e neng e amana le kganyaolo ya kwa Zong, a ikgolaganya le Granville Sharp, o a neng a thusa go tsibosa batho ba tsheko e. Setlhopha se ne se na le bokopano go ruta ka bokgoba. Barwa ba Aforika ba ne ba ikgolaganya le matona a puso, ba bontsi jwa bone ba neng ba na le kamano le kgwebo ya makgoba.[2] Ba ne ba kwala makwalo, sekai kwa go tona Sir William Dolben. Gantsi ba ne ba romela makwalo a a kgatlhanong le bokgoba ebile a supa diemo sa tsela e e fa gare mo dipampiring tsa dikgang, go tsosolosa ngagisano. Morago ga go buisana le bone le loeto lwa go bona sekepe sa makgoba se baakanyediwa mosepele, Dolben o ne a ntsha molao kakanyetso kwa palamenteng go tokafatsa diemo tsa dikepe tsa makgoba. Molao wa bokgoba wa 1788 e ne e le molao wa ntlha go amogelwa go laola kgwebo ya makgoba, o baya seelo sa gore ke makgoba a le kae a a ka tsewang ka sekepe go ya ka botona jwa sone.[4]

Equiano o ne gape a etelela pele maloko a Barwa go ya palamenteng go gwetlha matona go emisa kgwebo ya makgoba ya Atlantic. Se se ne sa kgonagala ka molao wa kgwebisano ya makgoba wa 1807, o o neng o ama dikolone tsotlhe kwa ntle ga tse di kwa India, kwa bokgoba e neng e le bontlha jwa ngwao. Molao o o ne o letla lefatshe la Britain go dirisa sesole go diragatsa moalo o, le ne la simolola go faposa dikepe tsa makgoba tse di seng ka fa molaong, kwa lotshitshing lwa Aforika ka kganelo ya Aforika le tiso ya kgwebo ya makgoba ya Aforika.[5] Barwa ba Aforika ba ne ba tswelela ka go bereka go fedisa bokgoba mo dikoloneng tsa Britain.

Maloko a barwa ba Aforika a ne a farologana, a ne a akaretsa:[6]

  • Olaudah Equiano
  • Ottobah Cuagoano
  • George Mandeville
  • William Stevens
  • Joseph Almze
  • Boughwa Gegansmel
  • Jasper Goree
  • James Bailey
  • Thomas Oxford
  • John Adams
  • George Wallace
  • John Christopher
  • Thomas Jones
  • Thomas Carlisle[1]
  • Daniel Christopher[1]
  1. 1 2 3 Hanley, Ryan (2019). Beyond slavery and abolition : Black British writing, c.1770–1830. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108475655. OCLC 1051776973.
  2. 1 2 3 Brain, Jessica (July 28, 2021). "The Sons of Africa". Historic UK. Retrieved 24 June 2025
  3. ↑ Gerzina, Gretchen (1999). Black England: Life Before Emancipation. London: Allison and Busby. p. 172.
  4. 1 2 Gerzina (1999), Black England, p. 173.
  5. ↑ Adi, Hakim, & Marika Sherwood (2003), Pan African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora Since 1787, Routledge.
  6. ↑ Gerzina, Gretchen. (1995). Black London : life before emancipation. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. pp. 191. ISBN 0813522595. OCLC 32854931.
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