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Basil George Watson

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Basil George Watson (12 Phalane 1893 – 28 Mopitlwe 1917) e ne e le mmulatsela wa difofane wa Australia yo o neng a tlhokafala mo

Basil George Watson
Basil Watson, 1917.
Tsalo(1893-10-12)12 Diphalane 1893
Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
Leso28 Mopitlwe 1917(1917-03-28) (aged 23)
Point Cook, Victoria, Australia
Se se bakileng lesoaeroplane crash
Burial placeBoroondara Cemetery
Tiroaircraft engineer,
constructor, and pilot

kotsing ya sefofane fa a ne a leka sefofane sa gagwe se a neng a se itiretse letsatsi pele ga moletlo wa go kokoanya madi wa Sefapaano se Sehibidu o mo go one a neng a rulaganyeditswe go dira pontsho ya difofane.

Morwa wa ga James Isaac Watson (1865-1944), [1][2]1893.le setlogolo sa mogwebi wa meepo, John Boyd Watson, le setlogolo sa motshameki wa khirikete wa Australia Billy[3] [4]Murdoch Basil George Watson o belegwe kwa Bendigo ka 12 Phalane 1893.

Watson le bomorwarraagwe ba babedi — Eric James Watson (1892-1964) le James Rudyard Watson (1900-1959) — ba ne ba tsena Kholetšhe ya Haileybury kwa Brighton Beach, kwa Victoria.[5]

Lelapa la gaabo Watson le ne le kgatlhegela Aviation go sa le gale. Ka Mosupologo mo mosong, 21 Mopitlwe 1910, babogedi ba ka nna 30 ba ne ba bona Harry Houdini a dira sefofane se se atolositsweng kwa Diggers Rest sa metsotso e le 7. 37secs., e akaretsa bonnye dimaele di le 6, mo bogodimong jo bo simololang ka 20ft. go ya go 100ft. Rraagwe Basil Watson, mmaagwe le kgaitsadie yo mmotlana, Venora, yo ka nako eo a neng a le dingwaga di le 14, ba ne ba le gareng ga babogedi;[6] mme maina a bone a ne a akareditswe mo lenaaneng la ditshaeno tsa babogedi ba le 16 mo ​​setifikeiteng se se neng se netefatsa phitlhelelo ya ga Houdini.[7][8]

Engelane

Watson o ne a ya kwa Engelane ka 1914 ka sekepe sa S.S. Mooltan — a na le batsamaisi ba bangwe ba babedi ba difofane ba Australia, e bong Harry Hawker le Harry Kauper [9][10]— mme, ka kgakololo ya ga Hawker, o ne a tsenela Khamphani ya Difofane ya Sopwith e le moenjenere kwa Khamphaning ya Difofane ya Sopwith (kwa a neng a kgona go ithuta ka thekenoloji ya difofane o ne a simolola dithuto tsa go fofa.[11][12]Watson o ne a amogela setifikeiti sa gagwe sa semmuso sa go fofisa difofane morago ga go katisiwa le Sekolo sa Hall sa go Fofa kwa Lebaleng la Difofane la London, kwa Hendon, ka Diphalane 1915.[13][14]

Go ise go ye kae, o ne a thapiwa go nna mokgweetsi wa sefofane wa sesole. Le fa go ntse jalo, morago ga dikgobalo tse a di boneng mo kotsing ya sefofane ka 22 June 1915, go ne ga bolelwa gore ga a tshwanelegele tirelo ka tsa kalafi; mme a boela kwa Australia.[15][16]

Watson . . . o ne a romelwa go nna mokgweetsi wa sefofane sa teko kwa Sesoleng sa Imperial se se neng se le kwa lebaleng la difofane la Brooklands, koo a neng a dira difofane tsa teko tsa difofane tse disha gone.

Mo sefofaneng sa teko se se neng se le botlhoko ka 22 Seetebosigo 1915, Watson o ne a emelela go tswa kwa Brooklands a kgweetsa sefofane se sesha sa Sopwith se se neng se tsamaisiwa ke enjene ya Sunbeam V-8 e e nang le maatla a 150 h.p.

O ne a sa tswa go tlosa lebala la difofane a tlhatlogela kwa bogodimong jwa dikgato di le 150 fela fa disilindara di le nne di palelwa ka tshoganyetso, mme seno sa dira gore enjene e tshware mme sefofane se simolole go fologa ka bonako.

Ka go tlhoka nako ya go retolosa sefofane le go boela kwa lebaleng la difofane, Watson o ne a tila ntlo ka bokhutshwane mme a kgweetsa go bona phatlha mo sekhurumelong se se bokete sa setlhare, mme a thulana le kutu ya setlhare ka lobelo lwa dimaele di le 90 ka ura.

O ne a le lesego go falola a na le lebadi le le maswe mo tlhogong, ditshego le mabadi a le mmalwa le kgetse e e masisi ya go roroma.

Le fa a ne a tla fola ka botlalo morago ga go fola dikgwedi di le mmalwa, Watson o ne a atlholwa gore ga a tshwanelegele tirelo e nngwe, mme seno sa fedisa tsholofelo ya gagwe ya go nna le tiro e e oketsegileng ya bofofane jwa sesole pele ga nako.[17]

Australia

Fa a boa kwa Australia, o ne a simolola go aga sefofane sa gagwe se se nang le difofane tse pedi, a dirisa enjene ya Gnome e e dikologang e a neng a e rekile mo go Horrie Miller,[18] mme "a etsa sekao sa Sopwith Scout",[19] [20]kwa Follacleugh, mo Mmileng wa St Kilda, Elsternwick, lefelo la bonno la lelapa; go leka sefofane sa gagwe — se a neng a se fofisa fa gare ga Point Cook, Bendigo le Melbourne.[21]

Ka 1917 o ne a tlhoma tekeletso ya poso ya mowa, koo a neng a isa dikarata tsa poso di le 1 300 kwa Melbourne go tswa kwa Thabeng ya Gambier. Dipuisano di ne tsa simolola go atolosa tirelo go ya kwa ditoropong tse dingwe.[22][23]

"1917. 28th. Mopitlwe.—Masetlapelo a a tshosang a difofane gaufi le Point Cook. Mofofisi wa difofane wa Victoria, Basil Watson, o ne a bolawa ke go wa ga dikgato di le 2 000 go go bakilweng ke go wa ga sefofane sa gagwe sa difofane tse pedi." — Buka ya Ngwaga ya Bo-Victoria ya 1917-18.[24]

Watson, yo o neng a tlhatlosiwa jaaka "Moloi wa Lefela", "Moatlelete wa Loapi", le "Maselamotse wa Mowa", o ne a rulaganyeditswe go bontsha bokgoni jwa gagwe jwa go fofa le bokgoni jwa gagwe jwa go fofa mo difofaneng kwa moletlong o o kgethegileng wa go kokoanya madi a Sefapaano se Sehibidu o o neng o tla tshwarelwa kwa Caulfield Racecourse ka Labone 219 Mopitlwe21 . O tlhokafetse ka Laboraro, 28 Mopitlwe 1917,[25] letsatsi pele ga tiragalo eo, a le dingwaga di le 23 fa sefofane sa gagwe se ne se thula kwa Port Phillip Bay.

Ka 28 Mopitlwe, Watson o ne a rulaganya go dira sefofane sa teko go tswa kwa Albert Park go ya kwa Point Cook, kwa a neng a ka tlogela sefofane mo go nngwe ya di-hangar bosigo jotlhe.

Fa a goroga kwa godimo ga Point Cook mo e ka nnang ka 3:40 maitseboa, Watson o ne a tswelela pele go amogela masole a a neng a le kwa A.I.F. kampa ka pontsho ya ditiro tsa gagwe tse di tlwaelegileng tsa go fofisa difofane.

Fa a sena go wetsa "loop the loop" ka katlego, o ne a tlhoma sefofane go tsena mo go thumeng go go tlhomameng ka 2000 ft (600 m), fa ka tshoganyetso fela setshwantsho se sennye se se neng se tlhomamisa karolo ya sefofane se ne se ntsha tsela mme diphuka tsa bonala di menagana ka botsone, mme seno sa dira gore sefofane se wele ka tlhogo go ya kwa tlase.

Watson o ne a ka bonwa a leka ka natla go boela a laola, pele ga a lemoga gore tsholofelo yotlhe e latlhegile, mme go na le moo a kgweetsa sefofane go tswa mo boidiidi jwa babogedi ba le diketekete.

Sefofane se lunged ka lewatle hoo e ka bang nko pele, crumpling ha thulano ka tlase ho mitara metsi haufi le mola oa lebopong.

Basil Watson o ne a gobala thata mme a tlhokafala moragonyana fa basupi ba ntlha ba goroga mo lefelong la tiragalo eo ba tsamaya ba ya kwa dithotong.[26][27][28][29][30]

Phitlho

O fitlhilwe kwa Mabitleng a Kakaretso a Boroondara, Kew, malatsi a mabedi moragonyana.[31]

"Ka nako e le nngwe le phitlho kwa Melbourne, ditloloko tsa Kereke ya St Paul kwa Bendigo di ne tsa tshameka sefela sa Rock of Ages; tshipi ya molelo, e e neng e lela pele go tsibosa batho ba Bendigo ka go goroga ga ga Watson mme sefofane sa gagwe le sone se ne sa lela go hutsafalela go tlhokafala ga gagwe." (2016)[32]

  1. ↑ Deaths: Watson, The Age, (Tuesday, 22 August 1944), p.5.
  2. ↑ Obituary: Mr. J.I. Watson, The Age, (Tuesday, 22 August 1944) p.3.
  3. ↑ Marriages: Watson—Knight, The Argus, (Saturday, 22 February 1890), p.1.
  4. ↑ Deaths: Watson, The Argus, (Monday, 4 February 1952), p.14.
  5. ↑ Museums Victoria website, Basil George Watson, Pioneering Aviator (1894-1917)
  6. ↑ In order to be present at Houdini's 6:45AM first flight, the Watsons would have had to have left Brighton Beach somewhere near 4AM.
  7. ↑ Australian Flights: Houdini's Latest Record: Six Miles in 7min. 37sec., The Argus, (Tuesday, 22 March 1910), p.6.
  8. ↑ When Australia first saw Planes fly: Houdini's 1910 Voisin Biplane was Closely Followed by an Australian-built Machine, The Argus Week-end Magazine, (Saturday, 3 December 1938), p.3: obviously, the mistaken signature of "James. L. Watson" should have been read as "James. I. Watson".
  9. ↑ Parsons & Battams (2019), p.31
  10. ↑ Aviation Pupil, The (Melbourne) Herald, (Monday, 6 April 1914), p.12.
  11. ↑ Personal, The Bendigonian, (Thursday, 23 September 1915), p.13
  12. ↑ "Bendigo's magnificent man takes off again". Bendigo Advertiser. 30 June 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  13. ↑ Certificate no.1910, dated 18 October 1915 (see: "The Royal Aero Club of the United Kingdom; Official Notices to Members: Aviators' Certificates", Flight, Vol.7, No.44, (29 October 1915), p.829).
  14. ↑ "Bendigo's magnificent man takes off again". Bendigo Advertiser. 30 June 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  15. ↑ Two Years in Air Service: Australian's Experiences, The Argus, (Friday, 2 June 1916), p.8.
  16. ↑ "Bendigo's magnificent man takes off again". Bendigo Advertiser. 30 June 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  17. ↑ Churchward, 2017
  18. ↑ See: Gnome Rotary 50 HP Aero Engine, 1916, Item ST 11945, Museums Victoria Collections.
  19. ↑ Aitken (2004), p.121.
  20. ↑ Meggs (2009), pp.123-124) notes that the aeroplane cost AU£1,700, with the finance provided by his father (with AU£1,700 in 1916 = approx AU$250,000, in 2022).
  21. ↑ Real Estate Market: Important City Sales, The (Melbourne Herald, (Wednesday, 27 October 1920), p.3.
  22. ↑ Kingsley, Terri-Anne (11 July 2016). "Bendigo's barnstorming pioneer: Meet Basil Watson". ABC News. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  23. ↑ Aviation at Casterton, The Argus, (Monday, 19 February 1917), p.8.
  24. ↑ Chronological Table, p.5 in Laughton, A.M. (1919), Victorian Year Book (no.38), 1917-18, Melbourne: Albert J. Mullett, Government Printer.
  25. ↑ Basil Watson (Advertisement), The (Melbourne) Herald, (Wednesday, 28 March 1917), p.6.
  26. ↑ Churchward, 2017.
  27. ↑ Mr. Basil Watson Killed: Well-Known Bendigo Aviator Falls on Seashore at Laverton: Death Instantaneous, The Bendigonian, (Thursday, 29 March 1917), p23.
  28. ↑ Basil Watson's Death: The Cause of the Accident: Centre Plane Clip Relaxes, The Age, (Friday, 20 April 1917), p.9.
  29. ↑ Basil Watson's Death: The Cause of the Accident: Centre Plane Clip Relaxes, The Age, (Friday, 20 April 1917), p.9.
  30. ↑ "Basil Watson built a biplane resembling a Sopwith Pup at his home in Brighton, Vic. during 1916. Fitted with a 50 HP Gnome rotary engine, the aircraft proved quite successful and made numerous flights. On 28 March 1917, while performing loops over the army camp at Laverton, the port wing collapsed and the aircraft crashed into the sea killing Watson. The cause of the structural failure was never established, or even investigated, by the Australian Army. Immediately before its last flight, the covering of Egyptian cotton had been replaced by Assam silk, but whether this was a contributing factor will forever remain a mystery." (Kepert, 1993, p.2)
  31. ↑ Funeral of Basil Watson, The Argus, (Monday, 2 April 1917), p.2.
  32. ↑ Kingsley, Terri-Anne (11 July 2016). "Bendigo's barnstorming pioneer: Meet Basil Watson". ABC News. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
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