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Bokgoba

Fetola dikgolaganyo
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Bokgoba ke go nna mong wa motho jaaka thoto, segolobogolo mabapi le tiro ya gagwe.[1] Bokgoba ka tlwaelo bo akaretsa tiro e e patelediwang, mme lefelo le lekgoba le berekang mo go lone le le nnang mo go lone le laolwa ke lekoko le le ba tshwereng mo bokgobeng. Go dira motho lekgoba ke go bewa ga motho mo bokgobeng, mme motho yoo o bidiwa lekgoba kgotsa motho yo o dirilweng lekgoba (bona § Mareo).

Gordon, lekgoba le le tswang kwa Louisiana, ka 1863. Mabadi a ke ditlamorago tsa go itewa ke molebeledi wa gagwe.

Dikgetsi tse dintsi tsa ditso tsa go dira batho makgoba di ne tsa direga ka ntlha ya go tlola molao, go kolota, go fenngwa mo sesoleng, kana go dirisiwa botlhaswa gore ba bone tiro e e tlhwatlhwatlase; mefuta e mengwe ya bokgoba e ne ya tlhongwa go ya ka mela ya pharologano jaaka letso kgotsa bong. Makgoba a ne a tla bewa mo bokgobeng botshelo jotlhe, kgotsa ka lobaka lo lo rileng lwa nako e morago ga moo ba neng ba tla newa kgololesego.[2] Le fa gantsi bokgoba bo sa ithaopelwe mme bo akaretsa go patelediwa, gape go na le dikgetsi tse batho ba tsenang mo bokgobeng ka go ithaopa go duela sekoloto kgotsa go bona madi ka ntlha ya lehuma. Mo tsamaong ya ditso tsa batho, bokgoba e ne e le selo se se tlwaelegileng mo tlhabologong,[3] mme bo ne bo le teng mo merafeng e le mentsi go ralala ditso,[4][5] mme jaanong bo thibetswe mo dinageng tse dintsi tsa lefatshe, ntle le fa e le kotlhao ya bosenyi.[6][7] Ka kakaretso go ne go na le mefuta e mebedi ya bokgoba mo hisitoring yotlhe ya batho: ya mo gae le ya go nna le mosola. [3]

Go itaya lekgoba le le bofeletsweng fa fatshe, setshwantsho se se mo pampitshaneng ya 1853 e e neng e le kgatlhanong le bokgoba
Pampitshana ya palobalo ya makgoba kwa Georgia, Amerika, ka 1860

Mo bokgobeng jwa chattel, lekgoba le fetolelwa ka semolao go nna thoto ya motho ka namana (chattel) ya mong wa lekgoba. Mo go tsa itsholelo, lereo bokgoba jwa de facto le tlhalosa maemo a tiro e e sa gololesegang le tiro e e patelediwang e bontsi jwa makgoba a e itshokelang.[8] Ka 2019, batho ba ka nna didikadike di le masome mane, ba 26% ya bone e neng e le bana, ba ne ba santse ba le makgoba lefatshe ka bophara le fa bokgoba bo ne bo se kafa molaong. Mo lefatsheng la segompieno, go feta 50% ya makgoba a dira tiro ya pateletso, gantsi mo madirelong le mo mabenkeleng a go roka a lekala le le ikemetseng la itsholelo ya lefatshe.[9] Mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologileng, go gweba ka batho ke mofuta wa segompieno wa bokgoba; mo mafatsheng a a sa tlhabologang, batho ba ba mo bokgobeng jwa dikoloto ba tlwaelesegile,[8] ba bangwe ba akaretsa badiredi ba mo gae ba ba tshwerweng, batho ba ba mo manyalong a a patelediwang, le masole a bana.[10]

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Lefoko lekgoba le ne la adimiwa mo Seesemaneng sa Bogare ka esclave ya Fora ya bogologolo e e felelang e tswa mo Segerikeng sa Byzantine σκλάβος (sklábos) kgotsa εσκλαβήνος (ésklabḗnos).

Go ya ka kgopolo e e anameng, e e ntseng e itsiwe fa e sa le ka lekgolo la bolesome le boferabobedi la dingwaga, puo ya Se-Byzantium e e bidiwang Σκλάβινοι (Sklábinoi), Έσκλαβηνοί (Ésklabēnoí) e ne ya fetolwa go nna *Slavicmevněbe, . σκλάβος, εσκλαβήνος (Late Latin sclāvus) ka bokao jwa 'mogolegwa wa ntwa lekgoba', 'lekgoba' mo ngwagakgolong wa bo 8/9, ka gonne gantsi ba ne ba gapiwa le go nna makgoba. Le fa go ntse jalo phetolelo eno e ntse e ganetsanwa fa e sale ka ngwagakgolo wa bolesome le boferabongwe.

Kgopolo e nngwe ya segompieno e bolela gore Selatine sa Metlha ya Bogare sclāvus ka *scylāvus se tswa mo go σκυλάω (skūláō, loapi) kgotsa σκυλεύω (inskūleúō, skyleúō) ka bokao jwa "go apola e ntsha thopo ya ntwa". Mofuta ono le one o ile wa nyatswa.

Mareo

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Go na le kganetsano mo gare ga boraditso ka ga gore a mareo a a jaaka "modiri yo o sa gololesegang" kgotsa "motho yo o dirilweng lekgoba", go na le "lekgoba", a tshwanetse go dirisiwa fa go tlhalosiwa batswasetlhabelo ba bokgoba.[3] Go ya ka bao ba akanyetsang phetogo ya mareo, lekgoba le tsweletsa bosenyi jwa bokgoba mo puong ka go fokotsa batswasetlhabelo ba lone go nna leina le le seng la motho go na le go "ba isa [go] tsweletsa pele jaaka batho, e seng thoto e ba neng ba le yone" (bona gape Puo ya Batho-pele). Boraditso ba bangwe ba rata lekgoba ka gonne lereo le le tlwaelegile e bile le lekhutshwane, kgotsa ka gonne le bontsha ka nepo go tlhoka botho ga bokgoba, ka motho a kaya selekanyo sa boipuso jo bokgoba bo sa bo letleng.[11]

Setshwantsho sa mosadi mongwe yo o godileng kwa New Orleans le mosetsana wa gagwe yo o neng a dirilwe lekgoba mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bolesome le boferabongwe la dingwaga
Lelwapa lengwe la Bantsho le bereka tshimo ya cotton kwa Mississippi. Setlhogo se re "Re feditse mo mosong ono otlhe".

Metswedi

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
  1. ↑ Allain, Jean (2012). "The Legal Definition of Slavery into the Twenty-First Century". In Allain, Jean (ed.). The Legal Understanding of Slavery: From the Historical to the Contemporary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 199–219. ISBN 978-0-19-164535-8. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boferabongwe ka 2025
  2. ↑ Baker-Kimmons, Leslie C. (2008). "Slavery". In Schaefer, Richard T. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society. Vol. 3. SAGE Publishing. p. 1234. ISBN 9781412926942. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Hellie, Richard (May 6, 2023). "Slavery". Encyclopædia Britannica. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi.
  4. ↑ Pargas, Damian (2023). "Introduction: Historicizing and Spatializing Global Slavery". The Palgrave Handbook of Global Slavery throughout History. Palgrave MacMillan. ISBN 978-3031132629. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi ka 2025.
  5. ↑ Engerman, Stanley; Paquette, Robert; Drescher, Seymour, eds. (2001). Slavery (Oxford Reader) (Reprinted ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 1. ISBN 9780192893024. By the end of the twentieth century, slavery was no longer legally or morally acceptable anywhere in the world. Only two centuries ago, slavery was still among the most ubiquitous institutions in human societies, and had existed in most times and places throughout history.
  6. ↑ Bales 2004, p. 4. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi ka 2025.
  7. ↑ White, Shelley K.; White, Jonathan M.; Korgen, Kathleen Odell (2014). Sociologists in Action on Inequalities: Race, Class, Gender, and Sexuality. SAGE Publishing. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-4833-1147-0. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi ka 2025.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Slavery in the 21st century". Newint.org. Archived from the original on May 27, 2010. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi ka 2025.
  9. ↑ Hodal, Kate (May 31, 2016). "One in 200 people is a slave. Why?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi ka 2025.
  10. ↑ "Religion & Ethics – Modern slavery: Modern forms of slavery". BBC. January 30, 2007. Archived from the original on January 6, 2014. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi ka 2025.
  11. ↑ Waldman, Katy (May 19, 2015). "Slave or Enslaved Person? It's not just an academic debate for historians of American slavery". Slate. Archived from the original on May 21, 2015.
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