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Bokgoba jwa basadi kwa Amerika

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Go tshela mo maemong a a farologaneng le go nna le boitshupo jo bo kopanang jwa batho bantsho le basadi, basadi ba ba dirilweng makgoba ba lotso lwa Aforika ba ne ba na le maitemogelo a a tseneletseng a bokgoba. Mmaditso Deborah Gray White o tlhalosa gore "boemo jo bo kgethegileng jwa mosadi wa Moaforika-Amerika ke gore o eme mo marakanelong a ditsela a dikgopolo tse pedi tse di tlhabolotsweng thata mo Amerika, tse di amanang le basadi le tse di amanang le Motho wa Montsho."[1]: 27 Go simolola ka loeto lwa Tsela e e fa gare, basadi ba ne ba tshwarwa ka tsela e e farologaneng ka ntlha ya bong jwa bone. Mabapi le tiro ya mmele le mathata, basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba tshwarwa ka tsela e e tshwanang le ya balekane ba bone ba banna, mme gape ba ne ba itemogela tirisobotlhaswa ya thobalano gangwe le gape mo diatleng tsa batshwa ba bone ba ba neng ba dirisa dikakanyo tse di sa siamang tsa thobalano e e feteletseng ya basadi ba bantsho jaaka seipato.[2][3][4]

Dikakanyo tse di sa siamang le dikinane

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Go ipata ka tsela e batshwari ba neng ba tshwara basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ka yone gantsi go ne go tshegediwa ke dikakanyo tse di sa siamang tsa bo Jezebel le Mammy.

Go tlhalosa basadi ba bantsho jaaka ba ba nang le keletso ya tlhakanelodikobo e e kwa godimo e e sa tlwaelesegang, moanelwa wa ga Jesebele "o ne a dumelelwa la ntlha fa Maesemane a ne a ya kwa Aforika go ya go reka makgoba." Diaparo tse basadi ba neng ba di apara (tse di neng di tlhokwa ke seemo sa bosa) le dingwao tsa Aforika tsa go nyala basadi ba le bantsi di ne di "amanngwa le keletso e e sa laolesegeng ya Maaforika."[5] Ka go tlhagisa setho sa ga Jesebele jaaka se se fapaaneng gotlhelele le dikakanyo tsa bogologolo tsa Victoria tsa bomme, batshwari ba makgoba ba basweu ba ne ba dirisa se go nna le dikakanyo tse di sa siamang ka basadi ba bangwe ba maAforika le ganetsa boikuelo jwa tshotlakako ka tlhakanelodikobo.[5]

Kgopolo e e sa siamang ya ga Mammy "e tswa mo dikgopolong tse di kwadilweng morago ga ntwa ya selegae." Dipego tse di ntseng jalo di bontsha Mammy e le mankge mo go tsa mo gae le motlhanka wa ntlo yo o kwa godimo. Dipego tsa basweu di tswelela go tlhalosa Mammy jaaka yo o nang le lerato mo baneng ba basweu ba beng ba gagwe le ka dinako dingwe le neng le tla feta lorato lwa gagwe mo baneng ba gagwe. Fela jaaka moanelwa wa ga Jesebele, kgopolo e e sa siamang ya ga Mammy e a timetsa mme e theilwe mo bonneteng jo bo lekaneng "go dira gore dikakanyo tse di sa siamang tse di tla amang basadi ba bantsho thata di tshepagale."[5] Kgopolo e e sa siamang ya ga Mammy e thusa go nolofatsa bonnete jwa bokgoba ka go penta setshwantsho sa batlhanka ba mo ntlong ba ba neng ba nna mo matlong a a monate, le fa ka nnete "makgoba a ne a nna a theogetse dioura tsotlhe ... Ba ka tswa ba ne ba na le sephiri se sennye go feta badiri ba masimo. Ba ne ba nna ba le ka fa tlase ga tebelelo ya lelapa la basweu mme ba ne ba le kafa tlase ga go fetoga ga maikutlo a bone, segolobogolo mo go a mohumagadi wa bone, go feta makgoba a mangwe."[5]

Maitemogelo a bomme mo bokgobeng

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Bomme ba bantsho ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba na le maitemogelo a a sa tshwaneng a ga ope malebang le mekgwa ya bomme. E re ka basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba tlotliwa le go sotliwa ka ntlha ya bokgoni jwa bone jwa go tshola, ba ne ba bonwa e le tsela ya go oketsa palo ya batho ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba. "Fa beng ba makgoba ba sena go lemoga gore tiro ya tsholo ya lekgoba la mosadi e ka ntsha poelo, go dirisa boferefere ga dikamano tsa thobalano tsa tsholo go ne ga nna karolo e e botlhokwa ya go dirisa makgoba a basadi botlhaswa ka thobalano."[2]

Mo godimo ga moo, gantsi bomme ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba dirisiwa botlhaswa ka go amusa ngwana o e seng wa bone, e leng mokgwa o mo go one mme yo o neng a dirilwe lekgoba a neng a amusa lesea la mong wa gagwe yo mosweu. "Basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba abelana mashi a bone a letswele fa beng ba makgoba ba basweu ba ne ba ba pateletsa go bereka kgakala le masea a bone, kgotsa fa ba ne ba rekisa bomme kgakala le masea a bone a a anywang, kgotsa fa makgoba a a amusang a ne a swa."[6] Go tiisa kgopolo e e sa siamang ya ga Mammy, mokgwa o o patelediwang wa go amusa bana ba eseng ba bone gantsi o ne o tlhoka gore bomme ba beye bana ba beng ba bone kwa pele go feta ba bone, mme tota e bile ka dinako tse dingwe e ne e ka dira gore lesea la ga mme yo o neng a dirilwe lekgoba le swe ka ntlha ya go tlhoka dikotla ka ntlha ya go kgwesiwa mashi a letswele ka bonako. Pele ga Kgwebo ya makgoba ya Atlantic, batsamai ba Yuropa ba ne ba leba basadi ba Aforika jaaka ba ba nang le "bokgoni jo bo kwa godimo jwa go amusa" ka ntlha ya mabele a bone a maleele a a neng a dira gore "basadi ba kgone go amusa masea a bone mo magetleng a bone." Ditshwantsho tseno gape di ne tsa dira gore go nne le "ditshwantsho tse di tsosang keletso ya tlhakanelodikobo tsa baamusi bao ba ba dirilweng makgoba, gore beng ba makgoba ba kgone go tlhalosa tiriso e e sa siamang ya thobalano ya basadi ba ba dirilweng makgoba le tlhokomelo e ba neng ba e naya bana ba basweu."[6]

Ka ntlha ya ditlhokego tsa bokgoba, makgoba a basadi a ne a na le tshekamelo ya go ikaega ka "mefuta e e abelanwang le e e kopanetsweng ya bomme."[6] Le fa go ka direga gore e ne e sa lemogiwe ke basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba, mofuta ono o o abelanwang wa bomme o ne o na le tsweletso magareng ga Aforika, kwa basadi ba neng ba ikaega ka basadi ba bangwe mo kgodisong ya bana ba sena thuso e e kalo go tswa mo banneng, le kwa Amerika Bokone. "Go ka direga thata gore se se thusitse go somarela karolo ya setso sa Aforika e e neng e gatelela go nna mme, mme gongwe mme wa Aforika o ne a bo fetisetsa kwa go barwadie."[2]

  1. White, Deborah Gray (1999). Ar'n't I a Woman?: female slaves in the plantation South (Revised ed.). New York: W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0393314812. Archived from the original on August 18, 2020. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.
  2. 1 2 3 White, Deborah Gray (1999). "The Nature of Female Slavery". Ar'n't I a Woman? Female Slaves in the Plantation South (Revised ed.). W.W. Norton & Company.
  3. Bell, Karen Cook (November 7, 2022). "On War and U.S. Slavery: Enslaved Black Women's Experiences - AAIHS". www.aaihs.org. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.
  4. Marshall, Lydia Wilson (May 4, 2022). "Women, Slavery, and Labor in the United States". Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage. 11 (2): 93–96. doi:10.1080/21619441.2022.2102835. ISSN 2161-9441. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.
  5. 1 2 3 4 White, Deborah Gray (1999). "Jezebel and Mammy: The Mythology of Female Slavery". Ar'n't I a Woman? Female Slaves in the Plantation South (Revised ed.).
  6. 1 2 3 West, Emily (February 2017). "Mothers' Milk: Slavery, Wet-Nursing, and Black and White Women in the Antebellum South". Journal of Southern History. 83 (1): 37–68 – via Project MUSE.