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Bokgoba kwa Mauritania

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Bokgoba bo biditswe "jo bo tseneletseng" mo sebopegong sa lefatshe le la bokonebophirima jwa Aforika la Mauritania mme go fopholediwa gore bo "golagantswe thata" le popego ya merafe ya lefatshe, le fa gape go fopholeditswe gore "Bokgoba jo bo anameng e ne e le jwa setso mo gare ga merafe e e seng ya badisa ya borwa kwa e neng e sena tshimologo ya lotso; beng le makgoba ka go tshwana e ne e le bantsho",[1] le fa bokgoba bo ne jwa emisiwa go ralala mafatshe a mangwe a Aforika le thibelo ya semmuso ya mokgwa ono fa e sale ka 1905.[2]

Tsamaiso ya bokolone ya Fora e ne ya bolela gore bokgoba bo fedile kwa Mauritania ka 1905, mme e ne ya dira go le gonnye go diragatsa thibelo eo.[3] Mauritania e ne ya amogela ka 1961 Tumalano ya Badiri ba ba Patelediwang, e setse e kwadile go fedisiwa ga bokgoba, le fa e le ka tsela e e sa tlhamalalang, mo molaotheong wa yone wa 1959.[1] Ka 1981, Mauritania e ne ya nna lefatshe la bofelo mo lefatsheng go fedisa bokgoba semmuso,[4] fa taelo ya ga tautona e ne e fedisa mokgwa ono. Le fa go ntse jalo, ga go na melao epe ya bosenyi e e neng ya fetisiwa go diragatsa thibelo eno.[4][5][6] Ka 2007, ka fa tlase ga kgatelelo ya boditshabatshaba, puso e ne ya ntsha molao o o neng o letla gore batshodi ba makgoba ba sekisiwe.[4]

Le fa bokgoba bo fedisitswe semmuso, Global Slavery Index ya 2018 e ne ya fopholetsa palo ya makgoba go ka nna dikete tse masome a ferabongwe (kgotsa 2.1% ya baagi),[7][8] e leng phokotsego go tswa go 155,600 e e begilweng mo intekese ya 2014 e mo go yona palo ya Mauritania e neng e le palogotlhe ya masome mararo le motso mo mafatsheng a le lekgolo le masome a marataro le bosupa ka palo ya makgoba le yantlha mo kanamong, ka 4% ya baagi. Puso ya Mauritania e mo maemong a bo lekgolo le masome a mabedi le motso mo mafatsheng a le lekgolo le masome a marataro le bosupa mo tsibogong ya yone mo mefuteng yotlhe ya bokgoba jwa segompieno.[9] Ka 2017, BBC e ne ya bolela gore palogotlhe ya batho ba le 600,000 ba ne ba tshelela mo bokgobeng.[10]

Thomo ya Lekgotla la Ditshaba ka Ngwanaitseele 2009 e e neng e eteletswe pele ke mmegadikgang yo o kgethegileng wa UN Gulnara Shahinian e ne ya sekaseka mekgwa ya bokgoba kwa Mauritania.[11] Mo pegong ya Phatwe 2010 e e yang kwa Lekgotleng la Ditshwanelo tsa Batho la lekgotla la Ditshaba (UNHRC), thomo e ne ya swetsa ka gore "le fa go na le melao, mananeo le pharologano ya maikutlo mabapi le go nna teng ga bokgoba kwa Mauritania, ... bokgoba jwa mmatota bo tsweletse ka go nna teng kwa Mauritania."[12]

Fa mafatshe a mangwe mo kgaolong a na le batho ba ba mo "maemong a a tshwanang le a bokgoba", seemo kwa Mauritania se "masisi ka tsela e e sa tlwaelegang" go ya ka moporofesara wa ditso tsa Aforika Bruce Hall,[4] mme bontsi jwa seemo se e le batho ba bantsho ba Mauritania ba ba tshwerweng ke beng ba MaArabea.[13]

Boemo jwa semmuso jwa puso ya Mauritania ke gore bokgoba bo "fedile gotlhelele ... batho botlhe ba gololesegile."[14] Go ya ka mofedisi Abdel Nasser Ould Ethmane, batho ba le bantsi ba Mauritania ba dumela gore go bua ka bokgoba "go akantsha go dirisiwa ka tsela e e sa siamang ke Bophirima, tiro ya bobaba kgathanong le Islam kana e le tlhotlheletso ya Bajuta lefatshe lotlhe."[4] ba bolela gore puso e ka tswa e tsentse balweladitshwanelo ba le bantsi mo kgolegelong go feta ka fa e neng e tsentse beng ba makgoba ka teng.[15] Ke motho a le mongwe fela, Oumoulmoumnine Mint Bakar Vall, yo o sekisitsweng ka ntlha ya go nna le makgoba. O ne a atlholelwa dikgwedi di le thataro kwa kgolegelong ka Firikgong 2011.[16]

Barutegi Ahmed Meiloud le Mohamed El Mokhtar Sidi Haiba ba kgadile ditatofatso tsa bokgoba kwa Mauritania tse di supiwang ke mekgatlho e e kgatlhanong le bokgoba le bakwadi jaaka tse di feteleditsweng ka go tlhoka metswedi ya dipalopalo le diphoso tsa nnete.[1]

  1. 1 2 3 "Slavery in Mauritania: Differentiating between facts and fiction". Middleeasteye.net. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.
  2. ↑ Ghanem, Omar (21 August 2007). "Slavery in Mauritania Emancipating the Free". Onislam.net. Archived from the original on 28 October 2014. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.
  3. ↑ John D. Sutter (March 2012). "Slavery's Last Stronghold". CNN. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Okeowo, Alexis (8 September 2014). "Freedom Fighter: A slaving society and an abolitionist's crusade". The New Yorker. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.
  5. ↑ "Mauritanian MPs pass slavery law". BBC News. 9 August 2007. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.
  6. ↑ Corrigan, Terence (6 September 2007). "Mauritania: Country Made Slavery Illegal Last Month". The East African Standard. Archived from the original on 2011-08-04. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.
  7. ↑ "Global Slavery Index country data – Mauritania". Global Slavery Index. Archived from the original on 23 October 2014. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.
  8. ↑ "Activists warn over slavery as Mauritania joins U.N. human rights council". reuters.com. 27 February 2020. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.
  9. ↑ Global Slavery Index 2014 http://www.globalslaveryindex.org/. Walk Free Foundation, p. 3. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.
  10. ↑ "The Abolition season". BBC.co.uk. BBC World Service. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.
  11. ↑ ANI and Journal Tahalil reported on 2 November 2009
  12. ↑ Report of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences, Gulnara Shahinian Addendum Mission to Mauritania" (PDF). Human Rights Council, United Nations General Assembly. 16 August 2010. Enopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.
  13. ↑ "The unspeakable truth about slavery in Mauritania". The Guardian. 8 June 2018. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.
  14. ↑ "Mauritanian minister responds to accusations that slavery is rampant". CNN. 17 March 2012. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.
  15. ↑ "Mauritania jails two slave owners". BBC News. 30 March 2018. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.
  16. ↑ "Mauritania woman gets six months in jail for slavery". bbc.co.uk. 17 January 2011. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.
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