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Bokgoba kwa Somalia

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Bokgoba kwa Somalia e ne e le karolo ya kgwebo ya makgoba ya Afrika Botlhaba le kgwebo ya makgoba ya Maarabia. Go fitlhelela tlhokego ya tiro e e kwa tlase, Ba-Bantu go tswa kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Afrika makgoba ba ne ba romelwa kwa ntle go tswa kwa Zanzibar mme ba ne ba rekisiwa ka palo e kgolo mo dingwagakgolong go bareki ba Afrika Botlhaba le kwa mafelong a mangwe kwa Bokone-Botlhaba jwa Afrika le Asia ke MaSomalia.[1] MaEthiopia, segolobogolo Ba-Amhara le Ba-Tigrayan le bone ba ne ba tshwarwa mme ba rekisediwa bagwebi ba ba tswang kwa Arabia, India, Greece le kwa moseja.[2][3]

Ba-Oromo ba ne ba ratwa ka ntlha ya sebopego sa bone fa ba bapisiwa le makgoba a mangwe.[4] Mo godimo ga moo, ba ne ba sa tsewe ba farologane thata le beng ba bone ba Somalia, ka jalo ba ne ba le kwa godimo ka tlhwatlhwa fa go bapisiwa le ba bangwe ba Afrika Botlhaba.[5]

Ditsela tsa thekiso ya makgoba mo Aforika wa bogologolo.
Ditsela tsa ditso tsa kgwebo ya bokgoba ya Ethiopia.

Kgwebo ya bokgoba ya Habesha

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Makgowa a Habesha a ne a rekisiwa ke Masomali mo tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa bolesome le boraro. Dikgatiso tse di bolokilweng tse di kgobokantsweng kwa bokhutlong jwa puso ya ga Rasulid Sultan Al-Muzaffar Yusuf ka bo1290 di bolela gore makgoba a magolo a a tlisitsweng kwa Yemen e ne e le a merafe ya Amhara le Tigrayan mme ba ne ba romelwa go tswa kwa toropong ya maemelodikepe a Zeila. Lekgoba le le tswang kwa Amhara le ne le tlaa ja didinare di le nne fa nyatsi yone e ne e tlaa ja didinare di le pedi.[2] Sultan Jamal ad-Din o ne a rekisa Ba-Amhara ba le bantsi go nna makgoba kwa mafelong a a kgakala jaaka Gerika le India. Kwa bokhutlong jwa ntwa nngwe le nngwe ya gagwe o ne a abela MaMoslem ba ba humanegileng ba le bararo makgoba a Amhara mme a ba rekisetsa ba bangwe ka madi a a kwa tlase ka ntlha ya palo ya bone e kgolo.[3]

Go ya ka Francisco Álvares, Imam Mahfuz o ne a tlhasela Bakeresete ba Abyssinia fa ba ne ba le bokoa mo mmeleng ka nako ya Lent mme o ne a kgona go rwala batho ba ba seng ka fa tlase ga 19 000 ba Abyssinia ba a neng a ba rekisetsa ditsala tsa gagwe kwa Arabea ka bonako.[6]: 58 Ludovico di Varthema, yo o neng a etela Zeila ka 1503 o ne a kwala gore maemelodikepe e ne e le lefelo la kgwebo e kgolo, segolobogolo ya makgoba. O bolela jaana:

Fano go rekisiwa makgoba a le mantsi thata, e leng batho ba Prester John (Ethiopia) ba Ba-Moor ba ba tsayang mo ntweng, mme go tswa mo lefelong leno ba isiwa kwa Persia, Arabia Felix, le kwa Mecca, Cairo le kwa India.

Go lebega Zeila e ne e le maemelodikepe a a kwa borwa a a neng a etelwa ke bagwebi ba MaArabea, mme lefelo la bone le legolo la dikgaolo tseno e ne e le Aden, koo maemo a kgwebo le maemo a bosa a neng a le botoka. Go ralala Zeila, le go ya ka selekanyo se sennye sa Berbera, go ne go feta molatswana o mogolo wa makgoba go tswa kwa Ethiopia.[7]

Phenyo ya ga Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi e ne ya dira gore palo e kgolo ya batho ba Habesha e nne makgoba. Go bolelwa gore o ne a tshwara "masole a Bakeresete" mme seno se ne sa dira gore lesole lengwe le lengwe la sesole sa gagwe le nne le makgoba a a seng ka fa tlase ga makgolo a mabedi mongwe le mongwe, mme go ya ka pego ya selegae monna mongwe le mongwe kwa Harar o ne a na le makgoba a le mararo a Habesha. Bontsi jwa batlotlegi ba Bakeresete ba ne ba rekisiwa go nna makgoba mme basadi ba bone ba ne ba fetolwa dinyatsi tsa MaMoslem.[7][6]: 63 

Go ya ka Richard Pankhurst, mo e ka nnang MaEthiopia otlhe a a neng a tshwerwe ke Imam Ahmad ba ne ba rekisediwa bagwebi ba kwa ntle ka fapaanngwa le ditlhobolo le dikanono. Mojesuiti mongwe wa Sepotokisi o ne a bega gore Adal o ne a kgona go rekisetsa makgoba a Abyssia a le "dikete" bagwebi ba ba tswang kwa moseja wa lewatle, MaArabea, Ba-Turk, Baperesia le Maindia.[6]: 59  Kgwebisano eno ya makgoba a Bakeresete ba Ethiopia e ne ya tswelela go fitlha ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobabongwe, ka fa ba ne ba ratwa mo mebarakeng ya MaMoslem go na le balekane ba bone ba "baheitane".[8]

Tshimologo ya kgwebo ya bokgoba ya Bantu

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Lekgoba la mosadi la Bantu kwa Mogadishu (1882–1883)
  1. ↑ Campbell, Gwyn (2003). The Structure of Slavery in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia. (1st ed.) London; Portland, OR (US): Routledge. p. ix ISBN 9780714683881. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.
  2. 1 2 Yusuf, Al Malik Muzzafar (1295). نور المعارف [Light of Knowledge] (in Arabic). pp. 326–327.
  3. 1 2 Aḥmad ibn ʻAlī Taqī al-Dīn al- Maqrīzī (1790) [Written c. 1385–1440]. Rinck, Friedrich Theodor (ed.). Macrizi Historia regum Islamiticorum in Abyssinia: Interpretatus est et una cum Abulfedae Descriptione regionum nigritarum e codd. Bibliotheca Leidensis, arabice edidit [Macrizi's History of the Islamic Kings in Abyssinia. Interpreted together with Abulfeda's Description of the Black Regions from codices in the Library of Leiden, published in Arabic] (in Latin). Translated by Friedrich Theodor Rinck. Leiden: Samuel and John Luchtmans. pp. 33–34. OCLC 458026923. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.
  4. ↑ Krapf, Johann Ludwig (1857). Pauline Fatme, First Fruits of the Gallas to Christ Jesus. Germany: The British Library. p. 9. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a feraboongwe ka 2025.
  5. ↑ Besteman (1999), p. 116. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.
  6. 1 2 3 Pankhurst, Richard (1982). History of Ethiopian towns from the Middle Ages to the early nineteenth century. Wiesbaden: Steiner. ISBN 9783515032049. E nopotswe Seetebosigo ka 2025.
  7. 1 2 Tegegne, Habtamu M. (December 2016). "The Edict of King Gälawdéwos Against the Illegal Slave Trade in Christians: Ethiopia, 1548". The Medieval Globe. 2 (2). Western Michigan University. Article 5. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.
  8. ↑ Campbell, Gwyn, ed. (2018). Bondage and the environment in the Indian Ocean world. Palgrave series in Indian Ocean world studies. Basingstoke, Hampshire Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 75. ISBN 978-3-319-70028-1. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.
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