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Bokgoba kwa Zanzibar

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Bokgoba bo ne bo le teng kwa Sultanate of Zanzibar go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa 1909. Bokgoba le go gweba ka makgoba go ne go le teng kwa Zanzibar Archipelago dingwaga di ka nna sekete. Fa dipolasi tsa ditlhatshana tsa clove le khonkhonate di ne di nna madirelo a matona kwa ditlhaketlhakeng, bokgoba jwa selegae bo ne jwa atologa go fitlhelela bobedi mo borarong jwa batho e nna makgoba. Zanzibar o ne a itsege lefatshe ka bophara e le moanelwa wa botlhokwa mo kgwebo ng ya makgoba ya lewatle la Indian, kwa makgoba a a neng a tswa kwa lotshitshing lwa Swahili kwa botlhaba jwa Aforikaa neng a rekisediwa teng go kgabaganya lewatle la Indian go ya Oman kwa Arabian Peninsula ka nako ya kgwebo ya makgoba ya Zanzibar.

Ka dingwaga di le makgolo a le lesome le boferabongwe, lefatshe la Britain le ne la dira letsholo la mafatshefatshe la go emisa bokgoba kgatlhanong le puso e, la iletsa ebile la emisa bokgoba le go gweba ka makgoba kwa Zanzibar ka ditumalano di le mmalwa gareng ga dingwaga tsa 1822 le 1897, kwa pheleletsong go gweba ka makgoba ga ema le bone bokgoba jwa ema ka ngwaga wa 1909.

Ditso

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Ga go itsagale gore go gweba ka makgoba kwa Zanzibar go simologile leng, go ka tswa go sale go simologa pele ga ma Arabea a goroga kwa kgaolong e ka dingwaga di la makgolo a ferabongwe tse di fetileng.[1] Ka dingwaga tsa legare, Zanzibar Archipelago e ne ya nna bontlha jwa ngwao ya Shwahili, ya nna ka fa tlase ga puso ya Kilwa, e e neng e le boremelelo jwa kgwebo ya makgoba ya lewatle la Indian fa gare ga botlhaba jwa Aforika le Arabian Peninsula ka dingwaga tsa legare, ditlhaketlhake tsa Zanzibar Archipelago di itsiwe ka go rekisa dinaka tsa tlou le makgoba pele ga le nna bontlha jwa Oman.[2]

Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1960, e ne ya nna seopo sengwe le Oman mo bogosing jwa Omani ka ngwaga wa 1696 go tsena 1856.

Go gweba ka makgoba kwa Zanzibar

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Kgwebo ya makgoba e ne e le bontlha jwa boraro jwa dipoelo tsa puso eo ga moogo le dinaka tsa tlou le ditlhatshana tsa cloves.[3] Dikepe tsa makgoba di ne gantsi di adimiwa go dira kgwebo, bakgweetsi ba tsone e le banna ba e seng makgoba ba ba tlhakantseng ditso tsa Arab le Swahili, gammogo le makgoba, ka dipoelo di kgaoganwa ke mong-mokgweetsi-le babereki.[4]

Tsela ya bokgoba e e kwa bokone

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Zanzibar o ne a kopanngwa le Oman mo bogosing jwa Omani (go tswa ka 1696 go tsena ka 1856), ditso tsa kgwebo ya makgoba ya lone e amanngwa le ditso tsa Oman. Makgoba a a tswang kwa lotshitshing lwa Swahili a ne a tsamaisiwa go feta ka Zanzibar go ya Oman, le go tswa Oman go ya Persia le Arabian Peninsula ka bophara le botlhaba legare. Mmogo, Zanzibar le Oman di ne di eteletse pele kgwebo ya makgoba ya lewatle la Indian ka dingwaga di le makgolo a le lesome le boferabobedi le di le makgolo a le lesome le boferabongwe. Se se ne sa tswelela morago ga kgaogano ya kopano ya Zanzibar le Oman ka ngwaga wa 1856, mme puso e ne ya kgaogana kwa Sultanate of Zanzibar ka 1856 go tsena ka 1964, le Sultanate of Muscat le Oman ka 1856 go tsena ka1970.

Morago ga go kopanngwa ga Zanzibar le Oman, makgoba a ne a nna madirelo a matona kwa Zanzibar gammogo le dinaka tsa ditlou le ditlhatshana tsa clove.[5]

Dikepe tsa makgoba di ne di firisiwa kgotsa e le tsa kgwebo, babereki ba tsone e le ba ditso tsa Arab le Swahili, ba dirilwe makgoba go feletse kgotsa bontlha bongwe, dipoelo di ne di kgaogannwa ke mong, mokgweetsi le babereki (babereki ba e neng e le makgoba ba ne ba neela beng ba bone bontlha jwa madi a ba a amogelang.[6]

Palo ya makgoba ga e itsewe, mme kakanyetso nngwe ke gore makgoba a le dikete pedi, makgolo a mabedi le botlhano a ne a rekisiwa gareng ga Zanzibar le Arabian peninsula, ka 1700 go tsena ka 1815.[7]

Morago ga ngwaga wa 1867, letsholo la Britain kgatlhanong le kgwebo ya makgoba ya Indian le ne la nyadiwa ke baeteledipele ba makgoba a Omani, ba dirisa mebala ya France go isa makgoba kwa Arabia le Perisan Gulf go tswa botlhaba jwa Aforika, bokgala jwa borwa jwa Aforika jaaka Mozambique, ba batho ba France ba neng ba ba amogela go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa 1905.[8]

Tsela ya bokgoba e e kwa borwa

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Ditlhaketlhake tsa France kwa lewatleng la Indian di ne di reka makgoba go tswa kwa Mozambique le Madagascar, mme ka ngwaga wa 1775, mogwebi wa ntlha wa France o ne a etela Zanzibar, a kgona go bona makgoba a le sekete le makgolo a marataro, masome a mabedi le botlhano mo maetong a gagwe a ntlha a mabedi, mo go neng ga bula tsela ya borwa go tswa Zanzibar go ya Mauritius, Reunion le Seychelles.[9]

Mafatshe a Mauritius le Seychelles a ne a nna dikolone tsa Britain ka ngwaga wa 1815, Britain ya fedisa kgwebo ya bokgoba go ya ditlhaketlhakeng tseo. Ka ngwaga wa 1848, lefatshe la France le ne la emisa bokgoba kwa french Reunion.

Marekisetso a bokgoba

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Makgoba a kwa Zanzibar a ne a kgaoganngwa go nna babereki ba ko dipolasing, makgoba a mo matlong, dinyatsi, babereki ba ditiro tsa diatla le ba berekang motshegare. [10]

Morago ga go simololwa ga itsholelo ya dipolasi, makgoba a ne a sa tlhole a rekisiwa go feta ka Zanzibar, mme thekiso ya makgoba go ya Sultanate e ne e oketsega ka ntlha ya letlhoko la makgoba a a ka tlhomolang metlho, a a robang, a a omisang le a a ntshang dithito tsa ditlhatshana tsa clove le coconut.[11]

Makgoba a ne a le tlhwatlhwa tlase kwa Zanzibar, mme motho mongwe le mongwe o a neng a gololesegile kwa Zanzibar o ne a supiwa fa a na le makgoba.[12] Ka dingwaga tsa 1850, bobedi mo borarong jwa batho ba Zanzibar ba ne ba akanyediwa ele makgoba.[13]

Makgoba a basadi a ne a tseelwa kwa godimo mo marekisetsong a makgoba kwa mafatsheng a Islam. Kgwebo ya makgoba ya Zanzibar e ne e itebagantse le bana, lebaka le le neng le fiwa ke bagwebi ke gore bana ba kgweediwa motlhofo jaa matsomane a dinku...[14]bogolo jang basetsana fa basimane ba e leng gone ba gorogang ba ne ba reksiiwa ka di dolara di supa go tsena di le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 1857, mosetsana o o dingwaga di supa le di ferabobedi o ne a rekisiwa di dolara di le lesome go tsena ka lesome le boferabobedi.[15]

Makgoba a basadi

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Marekisetso a makgoba a basadi kwa Sultanate a ne a dirisa mothale wa tlwaelo, makgoba a basadi a ne a dirisiwa gape mo go gwebeng ka mebele. Le fa go ne go na le makgoba a banna a a dirisiwang mo tgo gwebeng ka mmele, ba ne ba le palo potlana, kgotsa ba seo gotlhelele kwa Zanzibar.[16] Molao wa Islam o ne o thibela go gweba ka mmele. Le fa go ntse jalo, ka molao o o ne o letla monna go tlhakanela dikobo le lekgoba la gagwe la mosadi, go gweba ka mmele go ne go dirwa ke motsietsi mongwe a rekisa makgoba a gagawe a basadi, o a tla mmusang morago ga malatsi a le mabedi kgotsa le le lengwe, a re ga a itumela morago ga go tlhakanela le ene dikobo, mo go neng go le ka fa molaong ebile go amogelesega mo lefatsheng leo.[17]

Ka ngwaga wa 1844, ofisi ya Britain kwa leaftsheng le e ne eya supa fa go na le basadi ba lotso lwa Arab ba le makgolo a mane le banna ba le makgolo a ferabobedi kwa Zanzibar, ba ne ba supa gore fa ba ba gwebang ka mmele ba seo, banna ba ne ba tla ka basadi ba bobedi mo marekisetsong go ikgotsofatsa;

Metswedi

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  1. ↑ Mbogoni, L. E. Y. (2013). Aspects of Colonial Tanzania History. Tanzania: Mkuki na Nyota. 165
  2. ↑ Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press. 77
  3. ↑ Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press. p. 77
  4. ↑ Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press. p. 80
  5. ↑ Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press. 77
  6. ↑ Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press. 80
  7. ↑ Sheriff, A., Teelock, V., Wahab, S. O., Peerthum, S. (2016). Transition from slavery in Zanzibar and Mauritius: a comparative history. Senegal: Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa. 36
  8. ↑ Miers, S. (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. Storbritannien: AltaMira Press. p. 25
  9. ↑ Sheriff, A., Teelock, V., Wahab, S. O., Peerthum, S. (2016). Transition from slavery in Zanzibar and Mauritius: a comparative history. Senegal: Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa. 37
  10. ↑ Sheriff, A., Teelock, V., Wahab, S. O., Peerthum, S. (2016). Transition from slavery in Zanzibar and Mauritius: a comparative history. Senegal: Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa. 40
  11. ↑ McMahon, E. (2013). Slavery and Emancipation in Islamic East Africa: From Honor to Respectability. Storbritannien: Cambridge University Press. p. 43-44
  12. ↑ Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press. p. 84
  13. ↑ Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press. 77
  14. ↑ Mbogoni, L. E. Y. (2013). Aspects of Colonial Tanzania History. Tanzania: Mkuki na Nyota. p.179
  15. ↑ Mbogoni, L. E. Y. (2013). Aspects of Colonial Tanzania History. Tanzania: Mkuki na Nyota. p. 180
  16. ↑ Mbogoni, L. E. Y. (2013). Aspects of Colonial Tanzania History. Tanzania: Mkuki na Nyota. p. 180
  17. ↑ B. Belli, "Registered female prostitution in the Ottoman Empire (1876-1909)," Ph.D. - Doctoral Program, Middle East Technical University, 2020. p 56
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