Jump to content

Bokopano jwa mafatshe kgatlhanong le tlhaolele ka letso le mmala

Go tswa ko Wikipedia

Bokopano jwa mafatshe kgatlhanong le tlhaolele ya letso le mmala (WCAR) ke motseletsele wa ditiragalo tsa boditshaba tse di rulagantsweng ke UNESCO go rotloetsa kgaratlho kgatlhanong le megopolo le maitsholo a kgethololo ka letso le mmala. Go setse go tshwerwe bokopano ga tlhano go fitlha ga jaana, ka 1978, 1983, 2001, 2009 le 2021. E tlhomilwe morago ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi le polao ya morafe wa BaJuta e le leloko la Lekgotla la Mafatshe a boditshaba, UNESCO e le simolotse ka bonako fela fa e sena go tlhomiwa go rotloetsa dithuto tsa maranyane ka ga merafe le go anama ga megopolo ya batho go fedisa mabaka a a seng nnete a maranyane a tlhaolele. Nngwe ya dibuka tsa yone tsa ntlha tse di gatisitsweng e ne e le The Race Question ka 1950, e e saennweng ke bakanoki ba ba farologaneng ba ba itsegeng boditshabatshaba.

Bokopano jwa 1978

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Bokopano jwa mafatshe kgatlhanong le tlhaolele ka letso le mmala jwa 1978 bo ne jwa tshwarwa kwa Geneva, Switzerland. Tsepamiso e kgolo mo bokopanong jo e ne e le dipholisi tsa tlhaolele tsa Aforika Borwa tsa kgethololo ya semorafe le tlhaolele. Seno se ne se akaretsa go kgala dikamano tsa Iseraele le Aforika Borwa (segolobogolo tirisanommogo ya itsholelo le sesole), kopo ya gore Khansele ya Tshireletso ya Mafatshe a boditshaba e sekaseke "go tsenngwa ga dikotlhao tse di feletseng le tse di patelesegang" mo Aforika Borwa le "dipuso tse dingwe tsa tlhaolele tsa borwa jwa Aforika", le go kgala tlhaolele kwa Aforika Borwa.[1] Gape go ne go na le kitsiso le thulaganyo ya tiro e e neng ya tswa mo bokopanong jo o e e neng e kgala bogodimo jwa semorafe, tlhaolele le kgethololo ya letso le mmala, mme ya kopa gore go nne le metswedi ya thuto go rotloetsa "kutlwano magareng ga batho botlhe le go supa ... tekatekano ya merafe le ya letso le mebala", gareng ga tse dingwe.[2]

Bokopano jwa 1983

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Bokopano jwa mafatshe kgatlhanong le tlhaolele ka letso le mmala jwa 1983 le jone bone jwa tshwarelwa kwa Geneva, Switzerland.

Bokopano jwa 2001

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Bokopano jwa 2001 bo ne bo tshwaretswe kwa Durban, Aforika Borwa, ka fa tlase ga taolo ya UN, go tloga ka Phatwe a le masome mararo le motso go fitlha ka Lwetse a ferabobedi ka 2001. Tautona wa pele wa Ireland Mary Robinson, yo ka nako eo e neng e le Mokomishenara yo Mogolo wa Ditshwanelo tsa setho wa lekgotla la ditshaba, o ne a okametse jaaka Mokwaledi Kakaretso.

Bokopano joo bo ne jwa nna le setlhogo se se reng "World Conference Against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance". Nako e e botlhokwa e ne e tsepamisitswe mogopolo mo go se keng go tshwara ga Mapalestina ka tsela e e siameng ga ma Iseraele,[3] go tshwara dikgatako tsa ditshwanelo tsa setho le polao ya batho mo dikarolong tse dingwe tsa lefatshe.

Kopano ya 2001 e ne e tshwailwe ka dikgotlhang ka Botlhabagare le boswa jwa bokgoba mme e ne ya rakana le ditlhaselo kgatlhanong le Iseraele le ditshupetso tse di kgatlhanong le Iseraele kwa bokopanong jo bo tshwanang ja mekgatlho e e seng ya mmuso. Amerika le Iseraele di ne tsa ikgogela morago mo bogareng jwa bokopano ka ntlha ya tshwetso e e neng e ntsha Iseraele ka loso legolo e tshwantshanya SeSione le tlhaolele ka letso le mmala.[4][5] Kopano ya Yuropa gape e ne ya gana go amogela mafoko a mafatshe a Arabea a a kgallang Iseraele ka "ditiro tsa tlhaolele".[6]

Gape kwa bokopanong jo o, mafatshe a Aforika, a eteletswe pele ke Nigeria le Zimbabwe, le mekgatlho e e seng ya puso ya ma Aforika a Amerika e ne ya batla gore lefatshe lengwe le lenngwe le le neng le dirile bokgoba le kope maitshwarelo ka bongwe ka bongwe, le bo le amogele e le tlolomolao kgatlhanong le batho, mme le duele ditshenyegelo tse di neng di bakilwe ke bokgoba. MaYuropa a ne a ikopanya kwa morago ga UK mme se se molemo se Ma-Aforika a neng a se bonang e ne e le pitso ya go tshegetsa New African Initiative, thuso ya dikoloto, madi a go lwantsha AIDS, go busediwa ga madi a puso a a utswitsweng a a fetiseditsweng kwa Bophirima ke baeteledipele ba maloba le ditlhopha tsa bone, le go fedisa thekiso ya batho. Le fa go ntse jalo, lefoko "go tsosolosa" ga le a ka la tshela.[7]

Bokopano jwa 2009

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Bokopano jwa mafatshefatshe kgatlhanong le kgethololo ya lotso le mmala jwa ngwaga wa 2009, e ne e tshwaretswe kwa Geneva, Switzerland. Mafatshe a Canada, United States, New Zealand, Germany,[8] Italy,[9] Sweden.[10] The Netherlands,[11] Poland[12] le la Australia[13] a ne a bolelela fa a sena go tsenelela bokopano jo.

Mark Mardell wa dikgang tsa BBC o ne a bega jaana: Ka Mosupologo o bokopano bo neng bo tshwanetse go simologa ka ene, Tona wa tsa mafatshe wa kwa Italy Franco Frattini o ne a boleletse pampiri ya dikgang ya kwa Italy II Giornale gore go retelelwa ga Europe go dumalana le tsela e le nngwe e ne e le phoso e tona, ka gore go supa go palelwa ga rona, le ntswa go na le mafoko a a builweng, go tla ka se se tshwananng mo bothateng bo jwa go gotlhagotlhana ka kgethololo, ba rona re le ba Brussels re nnang re bua ka gone.

Frattini o ne a tswelela are: "Ke akanya gore tumalano e ne e batliwa ka tlhwatlhwa nngwe le nngwe, le gore le ntswa mo dipampiring tse di neng di baakanyeditswe Geneva, ntle le ditlhabololo di le mmalwa, tsela ya go lekalekanya Israel le lefatshe le le kgethololang batho ka lotso le mmala eseng lefatshe la batho ka batho. Go santse go na le mafoko a a sa dumalanweng a fa go ka bo go ne ga tshwarelelwa ka se se neng se builwe kwa bokopanong jwa EU jwa bo Tona, a ka bo a gwetlhile batho go sa tsenelele bokopano joo -jaaka re dirile, le jaaka United States, Canada, Australia le The Netherlands ba tsere tshwetso ya go dira.

Tona wa New Zealand wa mafatshe a sele Murray McCully o ne a re ga a kgotsofalela gore a mafoko a a dirisitsweng a ka thibela bokopano go tswelela e nna dipuisano tse di senang maduo jaaka tse di nnileng ka ngwaga wa 2001, o ne a bega gore o tshwenyegile ka gore go ka dirisiwa ke mafatshe a Muslim go kgala Israel le go kganela kgololesego ya puo fa go tla mo go kgaleng tumelo ya bone.

Ka letsatsi la pulo ya bokopano, lefatshe la France le ne la re batho ba Europe a tla tswa mo bokopanong fa Ahmadinejad a ka akgela mo go seng ka fa molaong. "Re tla tshwanelwa ke go tlhamalala. Ga re na go emela diphoso dipe, " Tona wa France wa mafatshe a sele Bernard Kouchner o ne a bolelela pampiri ya Info. "Fa a ka bua mafoko ape a kgethololo, re a go tsamaya ka ponyo ya leitlho."[12]

Lefatshe la Germany le ne la tsaya tshwetso ya go sa tsenelele bokopano ka go ne go na le matshwenyego a gore go ka nna le kgethololo, mmueledi o ne a tlhalosa kwa Berlin ka Labone.[8]

Mo mafokong a a buileng fa a bula bokopano, mokwaledi mogolo wa UN Ban Ki-moon, o ne are, "Mafatshe mangwe a ka ntlha ya ditshwanelo a ka bong a re thusa go dira tsela ya bokamoso jo bo botoka, ga a yo fa. Kwa ntle ga matlo lohalahala a, dithopha tse di nang le kgatlhego tsa dipolotiki le mafatshe a a farologanenga itaana ka noga e utlwa.[12]

E ne ya re moragonyana, letsatsi lone leo, batho ba ka nna masome mane ba tswela kwa ntle fa tautona wa kwa Iran mahmoud Ahmadineja a bua, morago ga gore a supe le fatshe la Israel le na le kgethololo, a tlhasela go tlholwa ga lefatshe la Israel. Lefatshe la France le le neng le boletse fa le tlaa tsamaya, le ne le supa fa se e le puo ya kilo, pampiri ya BBC e bega jaana.

Go tswa mo bokopanong, e ne ya nna masetlapelo mo lekgotleng la United Nations,[14] le le neng le solofetse fa bokopano e tla sekai sa se UN e tshwanentseng go se dira: go kopanya mafatshe go emisa tlhoka tshiamo, ga bua mokwa di wa BBC Imogen Foulkes kwa Geneva. Mmereki ka ene Jeremy Paxman o ne a supa fa go tsamaya mo e ne e le go tshameka fela, a supa fa batho ba sthwanetse go nna le tshwanelo ya go kgala tumelo ya Zion.

Tautona Ahmadinejad, o e leng e ne fela tautona o a neng a tseneletse bokopano joo, o ne a re batswakwa ba maJuta go tswa Europe le United States ba rometswe kwa legare botlhaba morago ga ntwa ya bobedi ya mafatshe gore ba dire puso e e kgethololo kwa Palestine. [14]

Kgaso ya mafoko a ga Ahmadinejad e ne ya nna teng kwa United Nations[15] le mo lokwalong lwa Foregn Policy.[16]

Bokopano jwa 2021

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ngwaga wa 2021, lekgotla la United Nations General Assembly le ne la keteka dingwaga di le masome mabedi le ntse le le teng ka go ikana go oketsa maiteko a lone a go emisa kgethololo ya lotso le mmala.[17] Tirelo e e ne ya seka ya tsenelelwa ke mafatshe a: Albania, Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Colombia, Criatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Estonia, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Honduras, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Moldova, Netherlands, New Zealand, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Spain, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States le Uruguay. Lekgotla la European Union le lone ga le a ka la tsaya karolo kgotsa la bua kwa bokopanong.

Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
  1. ↑ Report of the World Conference to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (PDF) (Report). United Nations. 1979. pp. 10–13, 20–21, 27, 30, 39, 41, 43, 45–46, 49, 55–56, 59, 62, 65, 69–71, 81–84, 87, 89, 90, 98–101, 104, 107, 110–112, 115, 118–122, 125, 127, 130. A/CONF.92/40. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 April 2023. E nopotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola gabedi ka 2025.
  2. ↑ "World Conference to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination 14-25 August 1978, Geneva". United Nations. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. E nopotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola gabedi ka 2025.
  3. ↑ "Wayback Machine"(PDF). www.un.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 March 2025. E nopotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola malatsi a mabedi ka 2025/
  4. ↑ "New racism declaration unveiled". CNN. 4 September 2001. E nopotswe kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola gabedi ka 2025.
  5. ↑ "The Racism Walkout: The Overview; U.S. And Israelis Quit Racism Talks Over Denunciation". The New York Times. 4 September 2001. E nopotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola gabedi ka 2025.
  6. ↑ "UN rights chief backs anti-racism conference". San Diego Union-Tribune. PA Media. 2 March 2009. E nopotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le gabedi ka 2025.
  7. ↑ McGreal, Chris (9 September 2001). "Africans back down at UN race talks: Special report: UN conference against racism". The Observer. E nopotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola gabedi ka 2025.
  8. 1 2 Whatley, Stuart (16 April 2009). "Germany To Boycott Durban II Anti-Racism Conference". The Huffington Post.
  9. ↑ Sofer, Roni (5 March 2009). "Italy to boycott Durban 2". Ynetnews. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  10. ↑ "Sverige boykotter racismekonference". Politiken - Den levende avis (in Danish). Retrieved 10 June 2025.
  11. ↑ [1][dead link], AP 19 April 2009
  12. 1 2 3 "RFI - France calls for firm EU action after Ahmadinejad dubs Israel racist". www1.rfi.fr. Retrieved 10 June 2025.
  13. ↑ The Australians delayed their decision to withdraw to properly consult other nations on the conference platform. Within a day of learning that the draft was not ready, they announced they were joining the boycott. See: Levin, Naomi (24 April 2009). "Smith: Why the Durban decision took so long". "The Australian jewish News" Vol. 75, no. 29. Melbourne. p. 3. Australia ready to boycott Durban II
  14. 1 2 "Walkout at Iran leader's speech". BBC. 20 April 2009. Retrieved 10 June 2025.
  15. ↑ "Live webcast – Durban Review Conference". Retrieved 10 June 2025.
  16. ↑ "Full Text of President Ahmadinejad's Remarks at U.N. Conference on Racism". Foreign Policy Journal. 21 April 2009. Retrieved 10 June 2025.
  17. ↑ "UN Anti-Racism Event, Rejected by Some, Recommits to Goals". US News. Associated Press. 22 September 2021.
Retrieved from "https://tn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bokopano_jwa_mafatshe_kgatlhanong_le_tlhaolele_ka_letso_le_mmala&oldid=43957"