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Bosadi jwa Aforika

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Bosadi jwa Aforika ke lereo le le tlhamilweng kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1980 ke Clenora Hudson-Weems,[1] le le ikaeletsweng jaaka kakanyo e e dirisiwang mo basading botlhe ba letso la Aforika.  E theilwe mo setsong sa Aforika le Afrocentrism mme e tsepamisitse mogopolo mo maitemogelong, dikgaratlho, ditlhokego, le dikeletso tsa basadi ba Aforika ba diaspora tsa Aforika.  E itlhaola le bosadi, kgotsa bosadi jwa ga Alice Walker.  Bosadi jwa Aforika bo ela tlhoko thata le go tsepamisa mogopolo thata mo dinneteng le mo go tlhokeng tshiamiso mo setshabeng mabapi le letso.[2]

Hudson-Weems o ne a batla go tlhama kgopolo e e kgethegileng mo basading ba Aforika le basadi ba ba tswang mo Aforika.  Hudson-Weems o dumela gore go tlhamiwa ga kgopolo go kgaoganya diphitlhelelo tsa basadi ba Aforika le barutegi ba banna ba Aforika, bomme, le bomme ba Bantsho.

Mokgatlho wa Bosadi jwa Aforika o thathamisa dikarolo di le lesome le boferabobedi tsa mosadi wa Africana, go akaretsa le go ipha leina, go itlhalosa, go nna le lelwapa, go fetofetoga le maemo, le go eletsa botsalano jo bo siameng le banna.[3][4]

Moo Bosadi bo tswang teng

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Alice Walker o tlhamile lereo bosadi ka 1983. O tlhalosa bosadi jaaka jwa go akaretsa mekgwa ya bosadi fa a ntse a akaretsa thata mo basading ba Maaforika a Amerika.  Alice Walker o ne a ikutlwa e kete mokgatlho wa basadi, jaaka o ne o tlhaloganngwa ka nako eo le jaanong, o ne o kgethegile mo basading ba mmala ka gonne o ne o naya basadi ba basweu tshiamelo.  Bosadi ba ga Alice Walker bo lebagane le tshiamelo ya mosadi yo mosweu mmogo le karogano magareng ga banna le basadi ba ba batlang kgolo ya batho ba Maaforika a Amerika.[5] Alice Walker o dumela gore bosadi bo ntse bo le teng fa e sa le ka nako ya bokgoba.  Walker o bolela gore, "Bokgoni jo jwa go tshwarelela, le ka ditsela tse di bonolo thata, ke tiro e basadi ba Bantsho ba e dirileng ka nako e telele thata."[6] Walker o bolela gore basadi ba mmala ba itse mathata a go tshwarelela mo dinonofong tsa bone le go letla gore ba bangwe ba ba neng ba le teng pele ga bone ba gatele pele.

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Clenora Hudson-Weems,[1] Moporofesara wa Seesemane, Yunibesithi ya Missouri, mokwadi wa Africana Womanism: Reclaiming Ourselves, o dirile lereo la Bosadi jwa Aforika ka bo 1980 (Africana ke sebopego sa bosadi sa Selatin Africanus, se se kayang Sa Aforika, mme go lebega le ratiwa ke mokgatlho go na le MoAforika). Hudson-Weems o nganga gore "Bosadi jwa Aforika ga se tlaleletso ya bomme, bomme jwa Bantsho, bomme jwa Aforika, kgotsa bosesadi jwa ga Alice Walker"[4] Bosadi le dikgang tsa bong ke ditheo tse di farologaneng tse di sa ikaegang ka tse dingwe, mme ka jalo, basadi ba Aforika ba kgona go lebagana le kgang ya bong kwantle ga go tsenelela ditiro tsa bomme.[7]

Go ya ka Patricia Hill Collins, "Le fa basadi bangwe ba Aforika ba ka tshegetsa dikgopolo tse bomme bo ikaegileng ka tsone, le fa go ntse jalo, bontsi jwa bone ba gana lereo 'bomme' ka ntlha ya se ba se tsayang e le kamano ya lone le lebaka la basadi ba basweu. Ba bona bomme e le jo bo dirang fela mo dipakeng tsa basweu le maAmerika mme ba e tsaa jaaka e e kgatlhanong le go nna montsho le moAmerika.[8]

Mo godimo ga moo, banna le basadi ba le bantsi ba Aforika ga ba amogele kgopolo ya bomme.  Go ya ka Hudson-Weems, o bolela gore "go na le tumalano ka kakaretso mo setšhabeng sa Aforika gore mokgatlho wa basadi, ka kakaretso, ke mokgatlho wa basadi ba basweu ka ntlha ya mabaka a mabedi. Sa ntlha, mosadi wa Aforika ga a bone monna jaaka mmaba wa gagwe yo mogolo jaaka mosadi wa mosweu wa basadi, yo o dirang karolo ya gagwe ya basadi le basweu  go mo fenya jaaka thoto ya gagwe banna ba Aforika ga ba ise ba ko ba nne le maatla a a tshwanang a go gatelela basadi ba Aforika jaaka banna ba basweu ba ne ba tshwanelwa ke go gatelela basadi ba basweu."[4]

Bosadi jwa Aforika bo farologanya kgopolo ya bosemorafe le ya bong ya basadi/basadi, mme basadi ba le bantsi ba Aforika (le banna) ba tlile go e amogela.[9] Hudson-Weems (1998), Africana Womanism: Reclaiming Ourselves, o tlhalosa tlhabololo ya Bosadi jwa Aforika:

Africana womanism ke lereo le ke le tlhamileng le go le tlhalosa ka 1987 morago ga dingwaga di ka nna pedi ke ngangisana phatlalatsa ka botlhokwa jwa go ipha maina mo basading ba Aforika. Goreng lereo 'bosadi jwa Aforika'?  Fa ke sena go swetsa ka gore lereo ‘Black womanism’ e ne e se mareo a a akaretsang bokao jo bo feletseng jo bo elediwang mo kgopolong e, ke ne ka swetsa gore ‘Africana womanism,’ phetogo ya tlholego mo go reyeng maina, e ne e le mareo a a siameng ka ntlha ya mabaka a mabedi a motheo. Karolo ya ntlha ya pitso ya, Africana, e supa morafe wa mosadi yo o akanyediwang, mme go umakiwa moo ga morafe wa gagwe, go tlhomamisa boitshupo jwa gagwe jwa setso, go amana ka tlhamalalo le lotso lwa gagwe le motheo wa naga—Aforika.  Karolo ya bobedi ya lereo bosadi, e gopola puo e e maatla ya ga Sojourner Truth e e sa rulaganngwang ‘Ain't I a Woman?’, e mo go yone a lwantshanang le maatla a a laolang a a kgaoganyang mo botshelong jwa gagwe jaaka mosadi wa Moaforika yo o kgaratlhang, a belaela kakanyo e e amogelwang ya bosadi.  Kwantle ga pelaelo ke letlhakore le lengwe, molekane-mmogo mo kgaratlhong ya batho ba gagwe, yo, go farologana le mosadi yo mosweu, a sa amogelang ditshiamelo dipe tse di kgethegileng mo setshabeng sa Amerika.[4]

Kakanyo ya basadi ba Aforika e na le seabe mo puong ya Afrocentric. Motheo wa motheo wa bosadi jwa Aforika o agilwe mo kakanyong le mekgwa ya setso ya Aforika le mo dikgopolong tse dingwe tsa setso tsa Afrocentric:[10] Dingwe tsa mekgwa ya setso di etelela pele seabe sa bomme ba Aforika jaaka baeteledipele mo kgaratlhong ya go bona gape, go aga sesha, le go tlhama bothokgami jwa setso jo bo tshegetsang melaometheo ya bogologolo ya tekatekano, tshiamiso ya Maatic.  boammaaruri, tshiamo, thulaganyo, jalo le jalo.[7] La bofelo, Nah Dove (1998), "African Womanism: An Afrocentric Theory", o akgola Hudson-Weems le barutegi ba bangwe mo go bopeng sekao sa bosadi jwa Aforika.  Dove o bolela jaana:[11]

Kgopolo [Bosadi jwa Aforika] e e bopilweng ke tiro ya basadi jaaka Clenora Hudson-Weems, Ifi Amadiume, Mary E. Modupe Kolawole, le ba bangwe.  Bosadi jwa Aforika bo ka tsewa jaaka motheo mo tlhabololong e e tswelelang ya kgopolo ya Afrocentric.  Bosadi jwa Aforika bo tlisa kwa pele seabe sa bomme ba Aforika jaaka baeteledipele mo kgaratlhong ya go boela gape, go aga sesha, le go tlhama bothokgami jwa setso jo bo tshegetsang melaometheo ya bogologolo ya Maatic ya go dirisana, tekatekano, kutlwano, tshiamiso, boammaaruri, tshiamo, thulaganyo, jalo le jalo.  (ts. 535)

Ke Eng se se Dirang gore Bosadi jwa ga Walker bo Farologane Thata le Bosadi jwa Aforika?

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Clenora Hudson-Weems, yo o tlhamileng lereo Africana Womanism, o bolela gore lereo le ka bolone ga le reye gore ke bomme jwa Bantsho kgotsa bomme jwa ga Walker jo basadi bangwe ba mmala ba ileng ba itsaya e le jone. Bosadi jwa Aforika jwa ga Clenora Hudson-Weems ke go ema jaaka kgopotso ya Basadi ba Aforika gore ba tshwanetse go batla le go itlhoma kwa pele mo go akaretseng ga bona ditshono tse di lekanang tsa tiro le tiro ya balekane ba bone ba banna, tshwaro e e siameng mo go bona le mo baneng ba bona.[12] Bosadi jwa ga Alice Walker bo farologana le Bosadi jwa Aforika jwa ga Clenora Hudson-Weems ka gonne bo akaretsa go akaretsa basadi botlhe ba mmala.  Fa, Clenora Hudson-Weems a lebega a tsaya boemo jo bontsi mo go reng "Ga go ope yo o tla emelang basadi ba Bantsho jaaka basadi ba Bantsho ba ikemela" kgotsa Basadi ba Aforika ba itseela maikarabelo mmogo le bana ba bone le banna ba Aforika.

Dikarolo tse di botlhokwa di le lesome le borobabedi

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Mokgatlho wa Bosadi ba Aforika o supa dikarolo tse lesome le boferabobedi dikarolwana tse lesome le boferabobedi tsa botlhokwa tse di bopang bosadi ba Aforika.  Dikarolo ke tse di latelang: Go Ipha Leina, Go Itlhalosa, Go Tlhoma mogopolo mo Lelwapeng, Go Felela, Go Tenyetsega le Seabe, Go Inaakanya le Maemo, Boammaaruri, Bolekane jwa Basadi ba Bantsho, Go Kgaratlha le Banna kgatlhanong le kgatelelo, Go Tshwaragana le Banna, Go Lemoga, Go Batla, Go Nonotsha, Go Godisa,  Bomoya.[13]

Nngwe le nngwe ya dikarolo tse di kwadilweng fa godimo e na le bokao jo bo rileng jo ka kakaretso bo tlhomang motheo wa bosadi jwa Aforika.  Molawana wa ntlha wa go Ipha leina o buisana ka botlhokwa jwa go itshupa jaaka mosadi wa Moaforika mo setshabeng.  Boitshupo jwa seAforika bo farologanngwa le diphetogo tsa bomme le tsa Bantsho.  Go ipha leina ke nako ya go lemoga tlhokego ya mokgatlho wa Africana o o nang le leina la one. Molawana wa bobedi o o tlhalositsweng, Boitlhalosi, o simolola go tlhalosa bonnete jo basadi ba Aforika ba lebaneng le jone, ka leitlho la BoAforika jotlhe.  Mokgatlho wa Pan-African o leka go dira maikutlo a bokaulengwe mo bathong botlhe ba ba tswang mo Aforika, go sa kgathalesege gore a ba nna mo kontinenteng ya Aforika kgotsa nnyaa.  Go itlhalosa go sekaseka go tlhoka tekatekano ga bong le dikakanyo tse di sa siamang mo botlhogong jwa segompieno.[4]

Go ipha leina le go itlhalosa ke dikarolo tsa ntlha ba babedi tsa dikarolo tsa bosadi jwa Aforika.  Lereo "nommo" le fiwa kgopolo ya go ipha leina, e leng selo se se botlhokwa ka gonne gore motho a nne teng o tshwanetse go fiwa leina le le nepagetseng.  Go na le tlhokego e e oketsegang ya go ipha leina, go itlhalosa, le go itlhaola mo bathong ba Bantsho mme go itlhalosa go thusa go ribolola boitshupo jwa motho ka pono ya gagwe ya lefatshe la bone e e kgatlhanong le ya setso se se laolang.[13]

Ditlhopha tsa bobedi tsa dikarolo ke go ikaega ka lelwapa, go felela, bonnete, go fetogafetoga ga seabe, go inaakanya le maemo, go kgaratlha le banna ba Bantsho kgatlhanong le kgatelelo, le bolekane jwa basadi ba Bantsho. Molawana wa go tlhoma mogopolo mo lelwapeng o tlhoma mogopolo mo setlhopheng sotlhe sa lelwapa la bantsho. Kgatlhego mo katlegong ya setshaba sa bantsho ka kakaretso e boloka maikutlo a botlalo. Dipoelo dipe tse di botlhokwa di abelanwa jaaka fa go nna gaufi go go akaretsang ga setshaba sa Bantsho go gapelediwa ke basadi mo setshabeng.[4]

Boineelo mo lelwapeng le le gaufi le le le atolositsweng bo botlhokwa thata mo basading ba Aforika, ka gonne bo bopa molawana wa boraro o o tlhalositsweng ke Clenora Hudson-Weems. Molawana wa go felela o tlhalosa botlhokwa jwa go itshetsa jo mosadi wa Moaforika a tshwanetseng go nna le jone gore a kgone go tlhokomela lelwapa la gagwe. Botlalo gape bo gatelela go itshepa mo go tlhokegang mo go tswang mo teng ga mosadi wa Moaforika yo o tshwanetseng go nna maatla e seng mo go ene fela, mme le mo lelwapeng la gagwe le mo setshabeng ka kakaretso. Go felela, go tsamaya mmogo le go felela, go tlhalosiwa jaaka kutlwano e e sa kgaogeng e mosadi wa Moaforika a nang le maikarabelo a go e tshegetsa mo teng ga legae le kwa ntle.[4]

Dikarolo tsa ntlha tse tlhano tsotlhe di gatelela boineelo mo lelwapeng jo bo botlhokwa thata mo basading ba Bantsho. Go na le kgatlhego e e kwa godimo mo katlegong ya setlhopha le dipoelo tsa setlhopha tse di bolokang maikutlo a botlalo.[13] Nikol Alexander-Floyd (2006) o bolela gore go na le tekatekano e ya go baya lelwapa kwa pele, e e tla nnang botlalo, kwa ntle ga go itlhokomolosa tiro ya basadi kgotsa jaaka a e bolela fa bonnete.[13] Go fetogafetoga ga seabe le go inaakanya le tsone ke dikarolo tse di botlhokwa tsa go tlhoma mogopolo mo lelwapeng ka ntlha ya medi ya tsone mo hisitoring ya basadi ba Bantsho. Molawana wa go fetogafetoga ga seabe o amogela le go buisana ka ntlha ya gore mosadi wa Montsho ga a ise a ke a nne mofenyi. Basadi ba Aforika ba matlhagatlhaga mo tirong, ba tsaya karolo mo ditshonong tsa boeteledipele tse di tlhagisiwang, mme ga ba tlhoke go nna ba mo gae.[7]

Mo ditsong, basadi ba Bantsho ba itemogetse dikarolo tsa bong tse di fetofetogang go kaya gore basadi ba Bantsho ga ba a nna le maitemogelo fela a go dira kwa ntle ga legae mmogo le banna mme botlhe mo teng ga legae. Go kgona go tlwaela, basadi ba Bantsho ga ba a ba tlwaela fela mafelo a a farologaneng a tiro mme gape le go tlhoka manobonobo a a neng a itemogelwa ke basadi ba basweu le basadi.[13] La bofelo, ka go kgaratlha le banna ba Bantsho kgatlhanong le kgatelelo le bolekane jwa basadi ba Bantsho, Africana womanist ba bona gore go na le ntwa kgatlhanong le kgatelelo e e lwantshiwang ke banna ba Bantsho mme ba ipona ba lwa mo setlhopheng se le sengwe le banna ba Bantsho. Bolekane mo bosading jwa Aforika bo tshwanetse go nna jwa mmatota mme ke jwa mmatota ka ntlha ya gore basadi ba Bantsho ba feta mo maitemogelong a a tshwanang a kgatelelo mme ka jalo ba ka utlwelana botlhoko.[13]

  1. 1 2 "'Africana Womanism': An authentic agenda for women of Africana descent". Commentaries. Tri-state Defender. 30 December 2010. Archived from the original on 2011-07-17.
  2. ↑ Ntiri, Daphne W. (2001). "Reassessing Africana womanism: Continuity and change". Western Journal of Black Studies. 25: 163–167.
  3. ↑ "About AWS". African Womanism Society.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hudson-Weems, Clenora (1998). Africana Womanism: Reclaiming Ourselves. Bedford Publishing. p. 24. ISBN 0-911557-14-8.
  5. ↑ Walker, Alice (1983). In Search Of Our Mothers' Gardens. San Diego, New York, London: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. pp. xi–xiii. ISBN 9780151445257.
  6. ↑ Walker, Alice (1983). In Search Of Our Mothers' Gardens. San Diego, New York, London: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. p. 242. ISBN 9780151445257.
  7. 1 2 3 Waddell Gilliam, Doris (29 March 2013). "I Have to Know Who I Am: An Africana Womanist Analysis". Florida State University Libraries. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mabedi le bosupa ka 2025.
  8. ↑ Collins, Patricia Hill (Winter–Summer 1996). "What's in a Name? Womanism, Black Feminism, and Beyond" (PDF). The Black Scholar. 26 (1). doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430765.
  9. ↑ Kasun, Genna. "Womanism and the Fiction of Jhumpa Lahiri" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-07-30.
  10. ↑ Asantewaa, Reed, Pamela Yaa (22 September 2001). "Africana Womanism and African Feminism: A Philosophical, Literary, and Cosmological Dialectic on Family". The Western Journal of Black Studies. 25 (3). ISSN 0197-4327.
  11. ↑ Dove, Nah (May 1998). "African Womanism: An Afrocentric Theory". Journal of Black Studies. 28 (5): 515–539. doi:10.1177/002193479802800501. JSTOR 2784792. S2CID 144111650.
  12. ↑ Hudson-Weems, Clenora (2019). Africana Womanism: Reclaiming Ourselves. Bedford Publishers. pp. 198–206. ISBN 9781000124163.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Alexander-Floyd, Nikol G.; Simien, Evelyn M. (2006). "Revisiting "What's in a Name?": Exploring the Contours of Africana Womanist Thought". Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies. 27: 67–89. doi:10.1353/fro.2006.0011. S2CID 144991793.
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