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Botaki jwa Aforika mo dikgobokanyong tsa kwa bophirima

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Setshwantsho sa sefatlhego sa Ibo kwa mabolokelonga ditso a Royal kwa Belgium

Dilwana dingwe tsa Aforika di kgobakantswe ke batho ba Europe mo makgolong a dingwaga, go na le mehama e e dirang mefuta mengwe, bogolo jang ditshwantsho mo dinakeng tsa tlou, go rekisetsa marekisetso a kwa europe. Gareng ga dingwaga tsa 1890 le 1918, bontsi jwa botaki bo oketsegile fa dikolone tsa bophirima di anamago dira gore go ntshiwe botaki bongwe jwa borwa jwa Aforika jo bo neng jwa isiwa kwa Europe go supiwa.[1] Botraki bo bo tsene mo kgobokanyong ya mabolokelo a ditso, mabolokelo a botaki le tsa batho kwa Europe le United States. Masome a ferabongwe mo lekgolong jwa boswa jwa Aforika go dumelwa bo le kwa Europe, go ya ka baitseanape ba ditso tsa botaki kwa France.[2]

Pele botaki bo bo ne bo supagala bo supa ngwao ya merafe e e farologaneng ya Aforika, mme lekgolong la dingwaga di le masome mabedi, batho ba ne ba simolola go bona mosola wa tsone jaaka dilwana tsa botaki. Kwa phelelong ya lekgolo la dingwaga ke gone botaki jwa sešha jwa Aforika bo neng bo simolola go bonwa bo na le mosola.[3]

Lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le borobabongwe

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Pele ga bokopano jwa kwa Berlin jwa ngwaga wa 1885, bagwebi le babatlisisi kwa Aforika ba ne ba reka kgotsa ba utswa botaki go nna digakolodi,[4] botaki jwa dinaka tsa tlou bo boneng bo aname go feta lotshitshi bo kgobokantswe mo makgolong a dingwaga, bontsi bo dirilwe ke ma Aforika go rekisetsa batho ba Europe, bogolo jang kwa mafelong a batho ba Portugal ba neng ba goroga kwa go one. Nako e go neng go kgobokanngwa digakolodi tse e ne ya salwa morago ke nako ya go kgokanya dietsele e dikgobokanyo tse dintsi tsa dibetsa, matlalo a diphologolo, dinaka mo matsomong a ba neng ba a dira.[4]

Go simolola ka ngwaga wa 1870, dibopiwa tse di betlilweng di le dikete di ne tsa goroga kwa Europe morago ga bokolone le barongwa ba SeKeresete. Di le dintsi di ne tsa goroga kwa mabolokelong jaaka a Musee dÉthnographie du Trocadero o o butsweng ka ngwaga wa 1878 kwa Paris le ditoropokgolo tse dingwe kwa Europe.[5] Ka nakao eo, botaki bo ne bo tshwarwa jaaka dilo tse di ribolotsweng tsa dingwao tsa dikolone go na le go tshwarwa jaaka botaki jwa tlhwatlhwa e e kwa tase, bo gantsi bo rekisiwang kwa marekisetsong a a admang batho madi.[5]

Ka puisano ya go busediwa ga botaki jwa Aforika morago ga kitsiso ya ga tautona Emmanuel Macron wa France ka ngwaga wa 2017.

Kgobokanyo ya Europe

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Diaparo tsa oku

Ditso tse di farologaneng tsa mabolokelo kwa Europe le United States di amile go kgobokanngwa le go supiwa ga botaki jwa Aforika mo mafelong a mabedi a o.[6] Mabolokelo a ditso a kwa Europe, a simolotse e le metheo ya lefatshe ka jalo dikgobokanyo tsa one le ditshupo di ne di kgothadiwa ke kgatlhego ya batho. Botaki jwa Afroika gantsi bo ne bo bewa e le thuto ya ditso. Go lemoga boleng jwa dilwana tsa Aforika e le botaki kwa Europe go ne go dirwa fela kwa ditshupong tsa beng ba tsone mo lekgolong la dingwaga di le masome a mabedi. Kwa Paris, barekisi ba tshwana le Paul Guillaume, Charles Ratton le Louis Carre ba ne ba na le seabe mo tshimololong ya dikgobokanyo tsa botaki jwa Aforika.

Mabolokelo a ditso a bogosi a legare la Aforika kwa Belgium

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Ka ngwaga wa 1897, Kgosi Leopold wa bobedi o ne a tsaya sebaka sa ditshupo tsa mafatshe tsa kwa Brussels kwa Tervuren go rotloetsa taolo ya gagwe kwa Congo Free State. Ditshupo tsa ngwaga wa 1897 tsa mafatshefatshe di ne tsa tsisa kgatlhego ya maranyane mo didirisiweng tsa tlholego, batho le diphologolo la legare la Aforika, ka jalo Kgosi leopold wa bobedi o ne a tsaya tshwetso ya go oketsa thotloetso ya gagwe ya Congo. Mabolokelo a bogosi a legare la Aforika a agilwe ka ngwaga wa 1898, e le mabolokelo a sennela ruri ebile e le motheo wa tsa maranyane, o go bewang ditshupo gore batho ba Belgium ba di bone le go rotloetsa go ithuta ka legare la Aforika.[7]

Mabolokelo a ditso a Britain

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Mafelo a ditshupo tsa botaki a Sainsbury kwa mabolokelong a Britis kwa London, a supa dilwana di le makgolo a marataro go tswa mo kgobokanyong e tona ya botaki jwa Aforika le ngwao mo lefatsheng. Mafelo a mararo a sennela ruri a na le lefelo la ditshupo la kgobokanyo ya Aforika, le le nang le dilwana di feta dikete tse di makgolo mabedi. Lefelo le le na le tse di upolotsweng tsa bogologolo le dilwana tsa segompieno, di akaretsa dilwana tsa malatsi otlhe le tse di sa tlwaelesegang. Dilwana tse di tsentsweng tsa tlhwatlhwa ke tse di neng di kgobokantswe ke Sir Henry Wellcome, tse di neng tsa abiwa ke mabolokelo a ditso tsa Wellcome Historical Medical Museum ka ngwaga wa 1954.

Dintlha tsa botlhokwa mo kgobokanyong ya Aforika di akaretsa ditshwantsho tse di betlilweng ka borosne tsa kwa Benin le Igbo-Ukwu, tlhogo ya boronse ya ka mohumagadi Idia, tlhogo e e dirilweng ka borase ya moeteledipele wa Yoruba go tswa kwa Ife, dibenya tsa boronse go tswa kwa Lagos, borwa jwa Nigeria, dinaka tsa tlou tsa batho bantsho ba ma Potokisi, tse di dirilweng ka gauta go tswa kwa morafeng wa Asante kwa Ghana di akaretsa kgobokanyo ya ga Bodwich, teramo ya Akan go tswa mo kgaolong ya bophirima jwa Aforika, motseletsele wa dilo tse di betlilweng ka letlapa la molora go tswa mo batho ba Kissi kwa Sierra Leone le Liberia, kgobokanyo ya Torday ya dipetlo tsa legare la Aforika, tse di rokilweng le dibetsa, matsela a botlhokwa go tswa Ethiopia.


  1. ↑ Coombes, Annie E. (1997). Reinventing Africa : museums, material culture and popular imagination in late Victorian and Edwardian England (2nd pr ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300068905.
  2. ↑ Owolabi, Tife (February 20, 2022). "Nigeria's looted Benin bronzes returned, more than a century later". www.reuters.com. Retrieved 25 June 2025.
  3. ↑ Meier, Prita (2010). "Authenticity and ITS Modernist Discontents: The Colonial Encounter and African and Middle Eastern Art History". The Arab Studies Journal. 18 (1): 12–45. ISSN 1083-4753. JSTOR 27934077.
  4. 1 2 Enid Schildkrout and Curtis A. Keim, ed. (1998). The Scramble for Art in Central Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  5. 1 2 Denise, Murrell (April 2008). "African Influences in Modern Art". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  6. ↑ Berzock, Kathleen Bickford; Christa Clark (2011). Representing Africa in American Art Museums. Seattle & London: University of Washington Press. pp. 3–19.
  7. ↑ "History: From Congo Museum to RMCA". Royal Museum for Central Africa. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 08 July 2025.
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