Chakufwa Chihana
Chakufwa Chihana (yo o tshotsweng ka di 23 Moranang 1939[1]–abo a tlhokafala ka di 12 Seetebosigo 2006) e ne e le molwela ditshwanelo tsa batho wa Malawi, mmueledi wa puso ya temokerasi, mmueledi wa badiri moragonyana, radipolotiki. O ne a tshwara tiro ya Mothusa-Tautona wa Bobedi kwa Malawi, ka fa tlase ga ga Tautona Bakili Muluzi.
| Chakufwa Chihana | |
|---|---|
| Second Vice President of Malawi | |
| In office 1994–1996 | |
| President | Bakili Muluzi |
| Vice President | Justin Chimera Malewezi |
| In office 2003–2004 | |
| President | Bakili Muluzi |
| Vice President | Justin Chimera Malewezi |
| Ka Ga Ena | |
| O tsetswe | April 23, 1939 |
| O Tlhokafetse | Seetebosigo 12, 2006 (aged 67) Johannesburg, South Africa |
| Bana | Enock Chihana|Enock, Nina and Tawonga |
Gantsi o bidiwa 'rre wa temokerasi ya Malawi'.[2] O ne a direla jaaka moeteledipele wa mokgatlho wa ntlha wa sepolotiki wa ka fa tlase ga lefatshe la Malawi, o o neng wa rotloetsa Tautona Hastings Kamuzu Banda, yo o neng a busa dingwaga di le masome a mararo, go kopa gore go nne le referantamo ka ga bontsi jwa sepolotiki.[3]O ne a newa Awate ya Robert F. Kennedy ya Ditshwanelo tsa Batho ka 1992.
Botshelo jwa ntlha le tiro
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Chihana o tsholetswe kwa Motseng wa Mhuju, kwa Kawiluwilu, kwa Kgaolong ya Bokone ya Nyasaland (Malawi a Bokoloniale). Rraagwe o ne a tlhokafala fa a ne a sa ntse a le monnye mme o ne a godisiwa ke mmaagwe, molweladitshwanelo tsa basadi ba lefelo leo. Morago ga sekolo se segolwane, o ne a berekela puso ya bokoloniale mme a nna matlhagatlhaga mo Mokgatlhong wa Kakaretso wa Kgwebo wa 4000,e leng Mokgatlho wa Bagwebi. Ka 1958, o ne a nna mokwaledi wa phasalatso ya yunione le morulaganyi wa dimakasine.[4]
Mo ngwageng o o latelang, a le dingwaga di le 21, o ne a dirwa mokwaledi-kakaretso wa Trade Union. O ne a le matlhagatlhaga mo matsholong a a neng a akaretsa Diterena tsa Malawi le Setlhopha sa Motsoko wa Imperial. O ne a ithuta kwa diyunibesithing tsa Oslo le Dubrovnik mme a amogela masetase mo dipolotiking kwa Yunibesithing ya Bradford. O ne a bereka e le motlhatlheledi kwa Yunibesithing ya Botswana. Ka 1985, o ne a nna motlhami-mmogo le mokwaledi-kakaretso wa lekgotla la badiri la Borwa jwa Aforika le le neng le gokaganya.[4]
Bolweladitshwanelo jwa sepolotiki
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Kgaratlho e e kgatlhanong le bokoloniale
Chihana o ne a tsenela lekoko la Congress la Malawi la bokoloniale (MCP) le le neng le eteletse pele go nna kgatlhanong le (Mokgatlho wa Rhodesia le Nyasaland) le puso ya Boritane kwa Nyasaland.[4]Kwa bokhutlong jwa 1963 mokgatlho o ne wa phutlhama mme Kamuzu Banda o ne a nna tona-kgolo ya Malawi yo o sa tswang go ikemela. Fa Banda a simolola go tiisa maatla a gagwe morago ga bo Tautona jwa gagwe, Chihana o ne a tswelela go tshegetsa mekgatlho e e ikemetseng ya badiri le puso ya temokerasi ya sepolotiki. Ka ntlha ya seo, Banda o ne a kgaphela kwa thoko Chihana mo MCP. O ne a laelwa go ya kwa botshabelo jwa ka fa gare mme a tlhaselwa. O ne a falola mo sephiring a tsena mo Kenya, ka thuso ya Moperesiti wa Katoliki wa Roma. O ne a tswelela go kgala Kamuzu Banda kwa Kenya fa a ntse a dira jaaka mogakolodi wa Mokgatlho wa Badiri wa Kenya.[4]
Botshwaro jwa sepolotiki le go tshwarwa
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]E ne e le moganetsi ka nako ya puso ya ga Tautona Hastings Banda mme ka jalo a fetsa bontsi jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1970 le bo 1980 a le kwa kgolegelong kgotsa kwa botshwarong. Jaaka moeteledipele wa mokgatlho wa badiri le molwela-ditshwanelo tsa temokerasi yo o emang le puso ya temokerasi, Chihana o ne a tshwarwa fa a ne a gapiwa le go boa morago go tswa kwa botshabelong kwa Kenya ka 1970.[4]Ka nako ya katlholo ya gagwe ya dingwaga di le supa o ne a bogisiwa, mme a fetsa dingwaga di le tlhano a le mo kgolegelong a le esi.[4] Mo-Presbyterian, morago ga moo Chihana o ne a kgala go didimala ga kereke morago ga go tshwarwa ga gagwe. Le fa go ntse jalo, Amnesty International e ne ya mo neela leina la segakolodi, mme e ne ya thusa thata mo go gololweng ga gagwe.[2]
O ne a gololwa ka 1977 mme a tswelela go ipelaetsa kgatlhanong le molao wa lekoko le le lengwe.[4]Ka nako eno, o ne a ya kwa Enyelane go ya go ithuta kwa Kholetšheng ya Nuffield, kwa Oxford.[2]
Tiro le SATUCC
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]O ne a tswelela a dira le mekgatlho ya badiri kwa borwa jwa Afrika; ka 1985, o ne a nna motlhami-mmogo le mokwaledikakaretso wa lekgotla la badiri ba ba kwa borwa ba badiri ba ba neng ba gokaganya.[4]
Botshwarwa jwa bobedi le go tshwarwa
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Ka 1992, o ne a boela kwa Malawi go ya go dira khonferense ya temokerasi. Koo o ne a bitsa lekoko la ga Banda "lekoko la loso le lefifi" mme a bitsa tsamaiso ya makoko a le mantsi.[2]Morago ga puo eo, o ne a tshwarwa mme a atlholelwa dingwaga di le pedi kwa kgolegelong ka tiro e e bokete ya go tsuologa. Le fa go ntse jalo, kgatelelo e ne ya tswelela e tlhatloga, mme Banda o ne a dumela go dira referantamo, e e neng e tshwerwe ka di 17 tsa Seetebosigo 1993, e mo go yone go neng ga ganwa molao mongwe ka tsela e e tlhomameng.[5] Chinana o ne a gololwa malatsi a le mane pele ga referantamo ka ntlha ya Mothusa-Tautona wa Amerika Al Gore, yo o neng a biditse moemedi wa Malawi kwa White House go ipelaetsa ka go tshwarwa ga Chihana le go bitsa gore go tlhagise puso ya temokerasi.[4]
Go tlhatloga ga makoko a sepolotiki le motheo wa AFORD
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]E ne e le mothei le moeteledipele wa mokgatlho wa sepolotiki sa Alliance for Democracy e e neng ya nna lekoko la sepolotiki fa go sena go nna semolao go tlhoma makoko a sepolotiki kwa Malawi.[5] Makoko a mangwe a ne a nna teng ka nako eo mmogo le go akaretsa le wa ga Bakili Muluzi wa United Democratic Front (UDF). Mo lekokong la Banda le le neng la latela la ditlhophokakaretso, Lekoko la Malawi Congress (MCP), le ne la latlhegelwa ke maatla mo go Bakili Muluzi wa United Democratic Front (UDF), lekoko le lesha la sepolotiki la ga Chihana, Alliance for Democracy (AFORD), le ne la tsaya maemo a boraro. Se se gakgamatsang ke gore, le fa Chihana a ne a tlhomologile jaaka moeteledipele wa puso ya temokerasi kwa Malawi, moeteledipele o ne a latlhegelwa ke ditlhopho tsa tswewa ke Bakili Muluzi yo o neng a ntse a nna kwa ntle ga lefatshe. Muluzi e ne ya nna Tautona wa ntlha yo o tlhophilweng ka temokerasi wa Malawi mme a tlhoma Chihana go nna Mothusa-Tautona wa Bobedi ka fa tlase ga puso ya gagwe.
Tiro ya sepolotiki
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Chihana o ne a direla jaaka Mothusa-Tautona wa Malawi ka fa tlase ga ga Tautona Bakili Muluzi go tloga ka 1994 go fitlha ka 1996 le gape go tloga ka 2003 go fitlha ka 2004.[1] Paka e ne ya bona go wela tlase ga sepolotiki ga AFORD ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa gagwe, go ngotlega go nna ditulo di le pedi fela kwa palamenteng ya ditulo di le 193 ka 2006. Chihana le ene o ne a tsena mo ntweng e e kotsi le Kereke ya Aforika Bogare, Presbyterian, a ba tlhagisa gore ba se ka ba nna mo dipolotiking.[2]
Go ya ka The Guardian, o ne a palelwa ke go laola mathata a a golang a dijo mo setšhabeng ka nako ya gagwe ya bobedi, mme seno sa dira gore a tlogele tiro.[4]
Leso
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]O tlhokafetse morago ga go dira tlhagala ya boboko kwa Johannesburg, Aforika Borwa ka di 12 Seetebosigo 2006 a le dingwaga di le 67. O ne a amogela phitlho ya puso.[3]O tlogetse mosadi wa gagwe Christina Chihana, morwawe Enoch Chihana,[2] le barwadi ba babedi, Nina le Tawonga.
Dietsele
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Metswedi
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]- 1 2 "Chakufwa Chihana". Archived from the original on 2018-04-26. Retrieved 2018-04-25.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Chakufwa Chihana". The Scotsman. 30 June 2006. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
- 1 2 "Chakufwa Chihana, 67, Malawi Politician, Is Dead". The New York Times. Agence France-Presse. 15 June 2006. Retrieved 13 July 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Adenekan, Shola (13 July 2006). "Obituary - Chakufwa Chihana - Fighting for free trade unions in Malawi". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 July 2012
- 1 2 James Cordrey (17 November 1993). "Malawi Opposition Leader Tells Of Years In Prison Chakufwa Chihana Thanked The Local Chapter Of Amnesty International For His Release". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved 12 July 2012
- ↑ "1992: Chakufwa Chihana, Malawi". Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights. Archived from the original on 20 May 2013. Retrieved 12 July 2012