Dikakana tsa Bong
| Genital warts | |
|---|---|
| Maina a mangwe | Condylomata acuminata, venereal warts, anal warts, anogenital warts[1] |
 | |
| Severe case of genital warts around the anus of a female | |
| Specialty | Infectious disease |
| Dikai | Small bumps of genital skin, varying sizes and shapes, typically protrude out, burning, itch[2] |
| Ditshimologo tse ditwaelesegileng | 1-8 months following exposure[3] |
| Causes | HPV types 6 and 11[4] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms, can be confirmed by biopsy[4] |
| Differential diagnosis | Molluscum contagiosum, skin tags, condyloma latum, squamous cell carcinoma[5] |
| Prevention | HPV vaccine, condoms[3][6] |
| Treatment | Medications, cryotherapy, surgery[4] |
| Medication | Podophyllin, imiquimod, trichloroacetic acid[4] |
| Frequency | ~1% (US)[3] |
Dikakana tsa bong ke tshwaetsego e e tshelanwang ka tlhakanelodikobo e e bakiwang ke mefuta mengwe ya human papillomavirus (HPV).[1] Gantsi di tlhagelela jaaka dikakana tse dinnye mo letlalong la bonna, vulva, molomo wa popelo le marago.[2] Di ka nna tsa bo di le sephaphathi kgotsa di tswa mo godimo ga letlalo, mme mmala wa tsone o ka nna wa farologana; borokwa, bosweu, bosetlha jo bo bosetlha, bohibidu jo bo serolwana, kgotsa botala jo bo tseneletseng.[1][2][5] Go ka nna le dikakana di le mmalwa ka bongwe kgotsa di le mmalwa, e ka nna ka setlhopha kgotsa di kopantswe mmogo mme si lebega jaanka sethunya sa kholifolawa.[2][7] Gantsi di baka dikai di le mmalwa, fela di ka nna botlhoko ka dinako tse dingwe.[4] Di ka nna tsa tlhotlhorega kgotsa tsa fisiwa.[2] Gantsi di tlhagelela kgwedi e le nngwe go ya go tse robedi morago ga go tlhagelela.[3] Dikakana ke dikai tse di lemogiwang bonolo thata ka tshwaetsego ya HPV ya bong.[3]
Mefuta ya HPV wa borataro le wa lesome le bongwe ke yone e e tlwaelegileng go baka dikakana tsa bong.[4] E anamisiwa ka go ama letlalo ka tlhamalalo, gantsi ka nako ya thobalano ya molomo, ya bong, kgotsa ya marago le molekane yo o a nang le mogare.[3] Temogo ka kakaretso e ikaegile ka dikai mme e ka netefadiwa ka maranyane a biopsy.[4] Mefuta ya HPV e e bakang kankere ga e tshwane le e e bakang dikakana.[8]
Mekento mengwe ya HPV e ka thibela dikakana tsa bong jaaka dikausu tsa itshireletso.[3][6] Ditlhopho tsa kalafi di akaretsa ditlolo di tshwana le podofilini, imiquimod, le esiti ya trikoloroasetiki.[4] Cryotherapy kgotsa karo le yone e ka nna kgetho.[4] Morago ga kalafi dikakana gantsi di rarabologa mo dikgweding di le thataro.[3] Fa go sa alafiwe, mo go nngwetharong ya dikgetsi di rarabologa ka botsone.[3]
Selekanyo sa 1% ya batho kwa United States ba na le dikakana tsa bong.[3] Le fa go ntse jalo, batho ba le bantsi ba na le mogare mme ga ba na dikai tsa bolwetse jono.[3] Kwantle ga go tsaya mokento batho botlhe ba ba tlhakanelang dikobo ba tla nna le mofuta mongwe wa HPV ka nako nngwe mo matshelong a bone.[8][9] Bolwetse jo bo ntse bo itsege the go tloga ka nako ya ga Hippocrates ka 300 BC.[10]
Ditshupiso
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]- 1 2 3 James, William D.; Elston, Dirk; Treat, James R.; Rosenbach, Misha A.; Neuhaus, Isaac (2020). "19. Viral diseases: genital warts". Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (in Sekgoa) (13th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier. pp. 406–410. ISBN 978-0-323-54753-6. Archived from the original on 2023-03-17. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Tripathi, Anuj; Sahu, Utkarsha (2022). "1. An overview of HPV: causes, symptoms, and clinical manifestations". In Khare, Prashant; Jain, Ashish (eds.). Immunopathology, Diagnosis and Treatment of HPV induced Malignancies (in Sekgoa). London: Elsevier. pp. 1–13. ISBN 978-0-323-98644-1. Archived from the original on 2023-03-17. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Juckett, G; Hartman-Adams, H (Nov 15, 2010). "Human papillomavirus: clinical manifestations and prevention". American Family Physician. 82 (10): 1209–13. PMID 21121531.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "CDC - Genital Warts - 2010 STD Treatment Guidelines". www.cdc.gov (in American English). 28 January 2011. Archived from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
- 1 2 Ferri, Fred F. (2017). Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018: 5 Books in 1 (in Sekgoa). Elsevier. p. 1376. ISBN 9780323529570. Archived from the original on 2020-08-01. Retrieved 2020-06-07.
- 1 2 "Genital warts". NHS. 21 August 2017. Archived from the original on 3 January 2018. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
- ↑ Madoff, Robert D.; Melton-Meax, Genevieve B. (2020). "136. Diseases of the rectum and anus: anal warts". In Goldman, Lee; Schafer, Andrew I. (eds.). Goldman-Cecil Medicine (in Sekgoa). Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. p. 938. ISBN 978-0-323-55087-1. Archived from the original on 2023-03-17. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
- 1 2 US National Cancer Institute. "HPV and Cancer". Archived from the original on 31 October 2013. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
- ↑ US Centers for Disease Control. "Genital HPV Infection - Fact Sheet". Archived from the original on 11 September 2012. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
- ↑ Syrjänen, Kari J.; Syrjänen, Stina M. (2000). Papillomavirus infections in human pathology. Chichester [u.a.]: Wiley. p. 1. ISBN 9780471971689.