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Dikeledi

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Dikeledi tsa motho

Dikeledi ( filimi ya dikeledi ) ke seeledi se se bonaletsang se se ntshiwang ke dikgeleswa tsa dikeledi ( kgeleswa ya dikeledi ) tse di fitlhelwang mo matlhong a diamusi tsotlhe tsa lefatshe . [1] Go ya ka mokgwa wa go tlhagisiwa ga dikeledi, di arogantswe ka mefuta e le mene: ya leitlho le le kwa tlase, ya leitlho le le tswetsweng, ya maikutlo le ya tsibogo . [2] Seelo sa motheo sa go ntswa ga dikeledi ke ~0.5–2.2 μL/motsotso, [3] mme go tenega go ka oketsa go ntsha dikeledi ka go fitlha go menagane ga 100, go fitlha go ~300 μL/motsotso. [4] Dikeledi di dirilwe ka metsi, dieleketerolaete , diporoteine, mafura le dimusini tse di bopang dikarolo mo godimo ga matlho. Mefuta e mene ya dikeledi e farologana thata ka popego ya yona. [5]

Thulaganyo ya mmele ya go tshologa ga dikeledi, e e bontshang

Dingwe tsa ditiro tsa dikeledi di akaretsa go tlotsa matlho ( dikeledi tsa motheo ), go tlosa dilo tse di tenang ( dikeledi tsa go tsiboga ) le go thusa masole a mmele . [6] Dikeledi gape di tlhagelela jaaka karolo ya tsibogo ya tlholego ya mmele ya botlhoko. [7] Go ntsha dikeledi mo maikutlong go ka nna ga dira tiro ya thutatshelo ka go ntsha dihoromone tse di bakang kgatelelo ya mogopolo tse di ageletsweng ka dinako tsa go tshwenyega thata mo maikutlong. [8] [9] Dikeledi di na le bokao jwa tshwantshetso mo bathong . [7]

Fisioloji

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Tlhamo ya dikhemikhale

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Filimi ya dikeledi e ne ya tlhalosiwa ka 1946 ke Wolff a dirisa lebone le le phatlogileng gore e nne le popego ya dikarolo tse tharo: ya mafura, ya metsi le ya mamina. [10] Dikeledi di bopilwe ka metsi, matswai, dilwantshamagare le dilaesosaeme (diensaeme tse di lwantshang dibakateria). Popego ya llaga nngwe le nngwe e laola tiro ya yona . Sekao , ditlhopha tse difarologaneng tsa mafura mo llageng ya mafura ya filimi ya dikeledi ( TFLL ) di naya dipharologantsho tse di kgethegileng tsa fisikhokhemikhale tse ditshegetsang dikarolo tse jaaka go dira gore go nne le filimi e tshesane le go thibela gore e se ka ya phutlhamela mo godimo ga leitlho . [11] Bosheng jaana, Mazyar Yazdani kwa Bookelong jwa yunibesithi ya Oslo o ne a tshitshintswe gore TFLL le yone e ka nna le seabe mo go tsenyeng okosejene mo leitlhong go ikaegilwe ka dipharologantsho tsa yone tse ditlhotlhelediwang ke tlhamo . [12]

Popego ya yone e farologane go ya ka mefuta e e farologaneng ya dikeledi . Popego ya dikeledi tse dibakilweng ke tsibogo ya maikutlo e farologaneng le ya dikeledi tse di bakiwang ke tsibogo ya dilo tse di tenang , jaaka mosi wa aie , lerole kgotsa dilo tse di bakang aleji. Dikeledi tsa maikutlo di na le selekanyo se se kwa godimo sa dihoromone tsa kgatelelo e e jaaka horomone ya adrenocorticotropic le enkefalini ya leusine (setlhabi sa tlholego se bolawa), se se akantshang gore dikeledi tsa maikutlo di na le seabe se segolo mo go lekalekanyeng selekanyo sa dihoromone tsa kgatelelo ya mogopolo . [13]

  1. "Definition of TEAR". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2019-08-04.
  2. Willcox, Mark D. P.; Argüeso, Pablo; Georgiev, Georgi A.; Holopainen, Juha M.; Laurie, Gordon W.; Millar, Tom J.; Papas, Eric B.; Rolland, Jannick P.; Schmidt, Tannin A.; Stahl, Ulrike; Suarez, Tatiana; Subbaraman, Lakshman N.; Uçakhan, Omür Ö.; Jones, Lyndon (2017-07-01). "TFOS DEWS II Tear Film Report". The Ocular Surface. TFOS International Dry Eye WorkShop (DEWS II). 15 (3): 366–403. doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2017.03.006. hdl:10138/297896. ISSN 1542-0124. PMC 6035753. PMID 28736338.
  3. Dumortier, G.; Chaumeil, J.C. (2004). "Lachrymal Determinations: Methods and Updates on Biopharmaceutical and Clinical Applications". Ophthalmic Research (in Sekgoa). 36 (4): 183–194. doi:10.1159/000078776. ISSN 0030-3747. PMID 15292656.
  4. Nagataki, S.; Mishima, S. (1980). "Pharmacokinetics of instilled drugs in the human eye". International Ophthalmology Clinics. 20 (3): 33–49. doi:10.1097/00004397-198002030-00006. ISSN 0020-8167. PMID 6998899.
  5. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named EncycBrit06
  6. Farandos, Nicholas M.; Yetisen, Ali K.; Monteiro, Michael J.; Lowe, Christopher R.; Yun, Seok Hyun (April 2015). "Contact Lens Sensors in Ocular Diagnostics". Advanced Healthcare Materials. 4 (6): 792–810. doi:10.1002/adhm.201400504. PMID 25400274.
  7. 1 2 "Why do we cry? The scientific reasons behind sobbing". The Independent. 2014-09-18. Archived from the original on 2022-05-26. Retrieved 2019-08-04.
  8. "All About Emotional Tears". American Academy of Ophthalmology. 2017-02-28. Retrieved 2019-08-04.
  9. Frey, William H.; Desota-Johnson, Denise; Hoffman, Carrie; McCall, John T. (October 1981). "Effect of Stimulus on the Chemical Composition of Human Tears". American Journal of Ophthalmology. 92 (4): 559–567. doi:10.1016/0002-9394(81)90651-6. PMID 7294117.
  10. Wolff, E. (1946). "The muco-cutaneous junction of the lidmargin and the distribution of the tear fluid". Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK. 66: 291–308.
  11. Millar, Thomas J.; Schuett, Burkhardt S. (2015-08-01). "The real reason for having a meibomian lipid layer covering the outer surface of the tear film – A review". Experimental Eye Research. 137: 125–138. doi:10.1016/j.exer.2015.05.002. ISSN 0014-4835. PMID 25981748.
  12. Yazdani, Mazyar (December 2023). "Tear film lipid layer and corneal oxygenation: a new function?". Eye (in Sekgoa). 37 (17): 3534–3541. doi:10.1038/s41433-023-02557-1. ISSN 1476-5454. PMC 10686381. PMID 37138094. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help); Check |pmid= value (help)
  13. Frey, William H.; Desota-Johnson, Denise; Hoffman, Carrie; McCall, John T. (October 1981). "Effect of Stimulus on the Chemical Composition of Human Tears". American Journal of Ophthalmology. 92 (4): 559–567. doi:10.1016/0002-9394(81)90651-6. PMID 7294117.