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Dipusetso tsa bokgoba kwa United States

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Dipusetso tsa bokgoba ke tiriso ya kgopolo ya dipusetso go batswasetlhabelo ba bokgoba kgotsa ditlogolwana tsa bona. Go na le dikgopolo tsa dipusetso mo filosofing ya semolao le dipusetso mo tshiamisong ya phetogo. Kwa US, dipusetso tsa bokgoba di ile tsa neelwa ka katlholo ya semolao kwa kgotlatshekelo le/kgotsa tsa neelwa ka go ithaopa (ntle le dikatlholo tsa kgotlatshekelo) ke batho le ditheo.[1]

Kgetsi ya ntlha e e kwadilweng ya go duelela bokgoba kwa United States e ne e le ya lekgoba la pele e bong Belinda Royall ka 1783, ka mokgwa wa phenshene, mme fa e sa le ka nako eo go tswelela go tshitshinngwa gore go duelwe. Go fitlha gompieno, ga go na melaotlhomo epe ya pusetso e e fetisitsweng. Ditaelo tse di Kgethegileng tsa Tshimo tsa 1865 No. [2]15 ("Diheketara di le masome a manè le mmutla") ke maiteko a a itsegeng thata a go thusa makgoba a a sa tswang go gololwa go kopana le setšhaba le go kokoanya khumo.Le fa go ntse jalo, Moporesidente Andrew Johnson o ne a busetsa taelo eno morago, a busetsa lefatshe leno kwa beng ba lone ba pele ba Confederate.[3][4]

Dipusetso e nnile kakanyo e e ipoeletsang mo dipolotiking tsa United States, bosheng jaana mo ditlhophong tsa ntlha tsa boporesidente tsa Democratic Party tsa 2020. Pitso ya dipusetso e ne ya gakala ka 2020, mo gare ga ditshupetso kgatlhanong le bosetlhogo jwa mapodisi le leroborobo la COVID-19, le ka bobedi bo bolayang Bantsho ba Amerika ka tsela e e sa lekalekaneng. Dipitso tsa dipusetso tsa bosemorafe le kgethololo kwa US gantsi di dirwa ke merafe ya bantsho le bakwadi mmogo le dipitso tsa dipusetso tsa bokgoba. Kgopolo ya dipusetso e santse e le kganetsano e kgolo, ka ntlha ya dipotso tsa gore di tla newa jang, di ne di tla newa bokae, ke mang yo o neng a tla di duela, le gore ke mang yo o neng a tla di amogela.

Mefuta ya dipusetso tse di tshitshintsweng kwa United States ke dipuso tsa toropo, kgaolo, naga, le tsa bosetšhaba kgotsa ditheo tsa poraefete di akaretsa: dituelo tsa madi ka bongwe, dituelo, dithuso tsa madi a go ithuta, go tlogela dituelo, le maiteko a a rulagantsweng go fokotsa tshiamololo, pusetso e e theilweng mo lefatsheng e e amanang le boipuso, go kopa maitshwarelo jaaka jaanong, go naya kago leina la mongwe), le go tlosa difikantswe le mebila e e bidiwang beng ba makgoba le basireletsi ba bokgoba.[5][6]

Ka gonne go tlhoka tshiamiso go gongwe le go tlhaola go tsweletse fa e sale bokgoba bo kganelwa kwa US,merafe mengwe ya batho bantsho le mekgatlho ya ditshwanelo tsa baagi e kopile gore go duelwe go tlhoka tshiamiso goo mmogo le go duelwa ka tlhamalalo le bokgoba. Bangwe ba akantsha gore tsamaiso ya kgolegelo ya U.S., e e simololang ka tsamaiso ya go hirisa batho ba ba bonweng molato le go tswelela ka koporasi ya gompieno e e laolwang ke puso ya Federal Prison Industries (UNICOR), ke mofuta wa segompieno wa bokgoba jwa semolao jo bo sa ntseng bo ama thata batho bantsho le batho ba bangwe ba ba kwa tlase ka ntwa e e kgalwang ya diokobatsi jaaka pi-9.

Bokao jwa hisitori ya U.S.

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ka dinako tsa bokoloniale

Kganetsano ka ga dipusetso e fitlha kwa morago thata mo lekgolong la dingwaga la bolesomerobedi. Ba-Quaker, ba e neng e le bangwe ba batho ba ntlha ba ba neng ba fedisa bodumedi kwa United States, ba ne ba gatelela mo e ka nnang ka bongwefela jwa pelo gore makgoba a a golotsweng a ne a na le tshwanelo ya go duelwa ke beng ba one ba pele. Fa mong wa yone a ne a ikwatlhaela boleo jwa gagwe jwa go nna le lekgoba la chattel, o tlhoka go le duelela ka go baakanya dilo. Ba-Quaker ba ne ba umaka buka ya Duteronome, e mo go yone beng ba dithoto ba neng ba kgothalediwa go abelana dithoto tsa bone le makgoba a pele.: 60

Ka nako ya Ntwa ya Phetogo, Warner Mifflin o ne a buelela gore makgoba a pele a a golotsweng a busediwe madi go tloga ka 1778, ka mokgwa wa dituelo tsa madi, lefatshe, le dithulaganyo tsa dijalo tse di abelanwang.Gary B. Nash o kwala gore, "a ka bidiwa rraagwe pusetso ya Amerika".

Pele ga Ntwa ya Selegae

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Pele ga bokgoba bo fedisiwa mo nageng yotlhe ka 1865, batho ba ba neng ba batla go fedisa bokgoba ba ne ba ntsha dikakantsho tsa gore ke eng se se ka dirwang kgotsa se se tshwanetseng go dirwa go duela badiri ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba morago ga go gololwa ga bone.

Mo tshimologong ya 1859, mo bukeng e e neng e neetswe "Mogale wa Kgale" John Brown, James Redpath o ne a ipolela gore ke "mofeteledi", mme o kaya gore go ya ka pono ya gagwe, mafatshe a Kgolagano a tshwanetse go newa makgoba a pele.: vi O nopola gape thulaganyo ya pelenyana ya ga William the po, pusetso".: 188

Moragonyana mo ngwageng oo, morago ga go bolawa ga ga Brown, Redpath o ne a bega mo bayokerafing ya ntlha ya ga Brown gore "e ne e se fela mokgololesegi, mme e ne e le mofenyi wa dipusetso. O ne a dumela, e seng fela gore molato wa bokgoba o tshwanetse go fedisiwa, mme gore pusetso e tshwanetse go dirwa ka ntlha ya diphoso tse di dirilweng mo mokgobeng o o a dumelang OnccaMiuri, What he raid. 1859], morago ga go bolelela makgoba gore ba gololesegile, o ne a ba botsa gore ditirelo tsa bone di ne di le bokae, mme—fa a sena go arabiwa—a tswelela go tsaya dithoto ka selekanyo se se neng se tshwanetse go newa batho bantsho jalo.": 220

Dipitso tsa gore ditsha tsa masimo di tsewe le go abiwa sešwa tsa ruri di ne di setse di dirilwe ke Baemedi George W. Julian le Thaddeus Stevens, bobedi jwa bone e le ba lekoko la Repaboliki ya Radical.[7]

  1. ↑ Medish, Mark; Lucichref, Daniel (August 30, 2019). "Congress must officially apologize for slavery before America can think about reparations". NBC News. Retrieved July 12, 2020.
  2. ↑ Darity, William (2020). From Here to Equality: Reparations for Black Americans in the Twenty-First Century. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1469654973.
  3. ↑ Alfred L. Brophy, The Cultural War over Reparations for Slavery, 53 DePaul Law Review 1181–1213, 1182–1184 (Spring 2004)
  4. ↑ Jones, Thai (January 31, 2020). "Slavery reparations seem impossible. In many places, they're already happening". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 12, 2020.
  5. ↑ "Black Asheville Demands – Reparations Section". June 26, 2020. Archived from the original on June 15, 2020. Retrieved July 12, 2020.
  6. ↑ Kepley-Steward, Kristy; Santostasi, Stephanie (July 10, 2020). "Confederate monuments in downtown Asheville removed or covered". WLOS. Retrieved July 12, 2020.
  7. ↑ Love, David; Das, Vijay (September 9, 2017). "Slavery in the US prison system". Al Jazeera. Retrieved July 12, 2020.
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