Jump to content

Ditlhaselo tsa Mombasa tsa 2002

Go tswa ko Wikipedia

Ditlhaselo tsa Mombasa tsa 2002 e ne e le ditlhaselo tse pedi tse di rulagantsweng tsa borukhutlhi ka Ngwanaatsele a le masome mabedi le boferabobedi 2002 kwa Mombasa, Kenya, kgatlhanong le hotele e e neng e le ya Iseraele le sefofane sa Arkia Airlines. Koloi e e kgonang go tsamaya mo mafelong otlhe e ne ya thula mo sekgoreletsing se se neng se le kwa ntle ga Hotele ya Paradise mme ya thunya, ya bolaya batho ba le lesome le boraro mme ya gobatsa ba le masome a ferabobedi. Ka nako e e tshwanang, batlhasedi ba ne ba thuntsha marumo a mabedi a a neng a tswa mo godimo ga lefatshe go ya kwa moweng mo sefofaneng se se neng se hirilweng sa Iseraele.[1] Hotele ya Paradise e ne e le yone fela hotele e e neng e le ya Iseraele mo kgaolong ya Mombasa.[2]

Ditlhaselo tseo go ne go dumelwa fa di rulagantswe ke badiri ba al-Qaeda kwa Somalia ka maiteko a go kgoreletsa lekala l bojanala ya Iseraele mo kontinenteng ya Aforika. Go nnile le dikakanyetso tse dintsi tsa gore badirabosula ke bomang, mme ga go ise go tlhalosiwe lenaane le le feletseng la babelaelwa. Tlhaselo e ne e le letsholo la bobedi la borukhutlhi la al-Qaeda kwa Kenya, morago ga go thuntshiwa ga boemedi jwa U.S. kwa Nairobi ka 1998.[3]

Morago ga tlhaselo eno, Lekgotla la Tshireletso la lekgotla la Ditshaba le ditshaba tse dingwe di ne tsa kgala go thuntshiwa moo.

Ditlhaselo

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Go thuntshiwa ga dihotele

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Banna ba le bararo ba ne ba atamela kgoro ya Hotele ya Paradise ka koloi ya Mitsubishi Pajero mme ba botsolodiwa ke badisa ba tshireletso. Mongwe wa banna bao o ne a tswa mo koloing mme a thuntsha sekipara sa gagwe. Banna ba bangwe ba babedi ba ne ba thulana le sekgoreletsi, ba thulana le kgoro e e kwa pele ya hotele mme ba thuntsha bomo mo koloing.[4] Go thunya moo go diragetse pele ga Hanukkah, fela fa baeng ba le masome marataro ba Iseraele ba sena go tsena mo hoteleng go ya go nna mo malatsing a boikhutso. Go thunya mo go ne ga bolaya batho ba le lesome le boraro, go akaretsa le Ba-Kenya ba le lesome le Baiseraele ba le bararo, mme ga gobatsa ba le masome a ferabobedi. Ba robabongwe ba batho ba ba neng e le batswasetlhabelo e ne e le dibini tse di neng di thapilwe go amogela baeng ba hotele. Mo thomong ya phalotso ya bosigo jotlhe, difofane di le nne tsa Lockheed C-130 Hercules tse di neng di dirisiwa ke Sesole sa Difofane sa Iseraele di ne tsa romelwa kwa Mombasa go ya go fudusa baswi le ba ba gobetseng.[3]

Sefofane sa Arkia sa Iseraele sa 582

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Marumo a mabedi a Strela 2 a thuntshitswe ka nako ya go emelela, mme a fosa sefofane.

Mo e ka nnang ka nako e le nngwe le tlhaselo ya hotele, marumo a mabedi a Strela 2 (SA-7) a a thuntshiwang go tswa kwa tlase go yaya kwa phefong a ne a thuntshiwa go ya sefofaneng sa Boeing 757 se se neng se hirilwe sa Arkia Airlines e e kwa Iseraele fa se ne se emelela go tswa kwa lebaleng la difofane la Boditshabatshaba la Moi. Komponi ya go hira difofane ya Arkia e ne e na le tirelo ya ka metlha ya beke le beke e e neng e fofisa bajanala fa gare ga Tel Aviv le Mombasa. Mapodisi a Kenya a ribolotse sedirisiwa se se thuntshitseng marumo le dikhurumelo tse pedi tsa marumo kwa lefelong la Changamwe kwa Mombasa mo e ka nnang dikilometara di le pedi go tswa kwa lebaleng la difofane. Bafofisi ba ne ba rulagantse go kotama ka tshoganyetso kwa Nairobi morago ga go bona marumo a mabedi a feta fa go bone, mme ba swetsa ka gore ba tswelele ba e kwa Iseraele. Sefofane seo se ne sa kotama kwa lebaleng la difofane la Ben Gurion kwa Tel Aviv diura di ka nna tlhano moragonyana, se patilwe ke difofane tsa ntwa tsa Iseraele tsa F-15.[5] Morago ga tlhaselo eo, difofane tsotlhe tse di neng di tswa kwa Iseraele di ya kwa Kenya di ne tsa phimolwa go ya go ile.

Badiramolato

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Sheikh Omar Bakri Mohammed, moeteledipele wa mokgatlho wa Islam wa Al Muhajiroun o o kwa Lontone, o ne a bolela gore go tlhagile ditlhagiso mo Internet. "Ditlhopha tsa dirukutlhi tse di utlwelang Al-Qaeda botlhoko di tlhagisitse beke e e fetileng gore go tla nna le tlhaselo kwa Kenya mme ba umaka Baiseraele," a rialo.[6] Kwa tshimologong, babueledi ba puso ya Iseraele ba ne ba ganela gore ba amogetse tlhagiso e e ntseng jalo. Mme malatsi a le mane morago ga go thunya moo, Mojenerale wa Sesole Yossi Kuperwasser o ne a dumela gore matlhale a sesole sa Iseraele a ne a itse ka matshosetsi kwa Kenya, mme a ne a sa tlhamalale sentle. Tlhogo ya pele ya Mossad Danny Yatom o ne a tsaya tsela e e tshwanang, a re Iseraele e ne ya bona ditlhagiso tse dintsi tsa borukhutlhi tse di neng di sa tsewe tsia.[5]

Kwa Lebanon, setlhopha se se neng se sa itsiwe pele se se bidiwang Sesole sa Palastina se rile se dirile ditlhaselo tse mme sa re se batla gore lefatshe le utlwe "lentswe la batshabi" ka ngwaga wa masome matlhano le botlhano wa go kgaoganngwa ga Palastina.[1][7]

Ka Sedimonthole a le masome mabedi ka 2006, Salad Ali Jelle, Tona ya Tshireletso ya Puso ya Bofeterale ya Phetogo ya Somalia, o ne a bolela gore mongwe wa babelaelwa, Abu Talha al-Sudani, e ne e le moeteledipele wa Mokgatlho wa Dikgotlatshekelo tsa Islam yo o neng a lwa kgatlhanong le Puso ya Bofederale ya Phetogo mo Ntweng ya Baidoa ya 2006.[8] Lwetse a le lesome le bone, 2009, masole a Amerika a ne a bolaya Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan yo o tsholetsweng kwa Kenya morago ga gore lerumo le thule koloi ya gagwe kwa kgaolong ya Barawe, dikilometara di le makgolo a mabedi le masome matlhano kwa borwa jwa motsemogolo wa Somalia Mogadishu. Go dumelwa fa Nabhan a rekile lori e e dirisitsweng mo go thunyeng ga bomo ka 2002.[9]

Fazul Abdullah Mohammed e ne e le moeteledipele wa kwa ntle wa setlhopha sa bo-jihadist sa motheo, Al-Shabaab, se se solofeditseng go ikanyega mo al-Qaeda. Mohammed o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moeteledipele wa ditiro tsa al-Qaeda kwa Afrika Botlhaba. E ne e le leloko le le neng le tsaya karolo mo go thunyeng ga bomo kwa Boemelong jwa U.S. ka 1998 kwa Nairobi mme e ne e le mongwe wa batho ba ba neng ba rulagantse tlhaselo kwa Mombasa. O ne a bona tlhaselo e le go palelwa ka ntlha ya marumo a Strela 2 a a neng a palelwa ke go thuntsha sefofane fa se emelela.[10]

Mohammed Abdul Malik Bajabu o ne a ipolela ka ngwaga wa 2007 gore o ne a thusa mo go thuntsiweng ga dikoloi mo go neng ga diragala kwa Hoteleng ya The Paradise. O ne a tshwarwa ke balaodi ba Kenya mme a tlhatlhelwa ke U.S. kwa Guantanamo Bay kwantle ga ditatofatso dipe tsa semmuso kgatlhanong le ene. Go nnile le batlhasedi ba bangwe ba le bane ba ba belaelwang ba ba amanang le setlhopha sa al-Qaeda kwa Kenya, mme basekisi ba Kenya ba nnile le bothata jwa go tlhomamisa molato ka nnete. Baagi ba le bane ba Kenya ba golotswe ka ntlha ya go tlhoka bosupi.[11]

Gape go nnile le dikakanyetso tsa go nna le seabe ga mokgatlho wa borukhutlhi wa Somalia o o itsiweng jaaka, Al Ittihad al Islamiya (AIAI). AIAI e ntse e na le dikamano le al-Qaeda. Ba ne ba solofetse gore ka go romela molaetsa kwa Baiseraeleng ka tlhaselo e, ba tla gola gaufi le go fitlhelela phitlhelelo ya bone ya go tlhoma puso ya BoIslam ya Somalia.[12]

Le fa go ntse jalo, modiredi wa pele wa Botlhodi jwa Iseraele o ne a latofatsa Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah, yo o bidiwang Abu Mohammed al-Masri, ka go laela ditlhaselo tsa Mombasa.[13]

Tlhotlheletso

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Go dumelwa gore setlhopha sa borukhutlhi sa al-Qaeda se ne se batla go fokotsa thata ditiro tsa Iseraele mo kontinenteng ya Aforika. Ditlhaselo tse pedi tse di neng tsa dirwa ka nako e le nngwe di ne tsa ama lekala la bojanala la Iseraele ka tlhamalalo.[14] Hotele ya Paradise e ne e le lefelo le le neng le le mo lotshitshing lwa lewatle la Baiseraele le batho ba le bantsi ba Iseraele ba ba neng ba tla go ikhutsa ba neng ba ya kwa go lone kgapetsakgapetsa. Setlhopha sa dirukutlhi sa Al-Shabaab se sentsi kwa Somalia, mme ka ntlha ya tshireletsego e e bokoa ya melelwane, gantsi maloko a sone a tsena kwa Kenya. Kenya e na le batho ba le mmalwanyana ba MaMuslim ba ba ntseng ba kgaoganngwa le ba bangwe go tswa mo ditsong, mme ka ntlha ya go sa dumalane mo go golang le ditiro tsa Bophirima malebang le melelwane ya Kenya, go dirile gore palo e e golang ya BaMuslim a jihad e kgone go tsena kwa Nairobi. Setshaba sa BaMuslim kwa Kenya se ne se latlhegetswe ke boemedi jwa sepolotiki le jwa itsholelo jo bo neng jwa dira gore ba tlhaselwe, mme seo se ne sa dira gore ba tlhome mogopolo mo BoIslam le mo Botlhabagare, e seng mo Kenya. Seo se ne sa dira gore mokgatlho wa jihad o nne le taolo e e nonofileng mo teng ga Kenya, jaaka fa baagi ba Kenya ba ne ba thusa mo ditlhaselong tsa Hotele ya Paradise le tsa Boeing 757.[15]

Tsibogo ya boditshabatshaba

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ka bonako fela morago ga ditlhaselo tseo, Iseraele e ne ya simolola go fudusa baagi botlhe ba Iseraele ba ba neng ba le mo teng ga melelwane ya Kenya. Go ne ga simolola tiro e e kopanetsweng fa gare ga United States le Iseraele go bona gore ke bomang ba ba dirileng tlhaselo e.[16] Tautona George W Bush le Mokwaledi wa lefatshe Colin Powell wa Amerika,[1][17] Tona ya merero ya mafatshe a sele ya Iseraele Benyamin Netanyahu,[18] puso ya Kenya,[19] le Mokwaledi wa merero ya mafatshe a sele wa United Kingdom Jack Straw[20] botlhe ba ne ba kgala tlhaselo eo. Lekgotla la Tshireletso la Lekgotla la Ditshaba le amogetse Tshwetso ya 1450 e e kgalang ditlhaselo tse, Syria e ne e le yone fela lefatshe le le neng la se ka la tlhomamisa tshwetso eo ka ntlha ya maatla a a kailweng a go tshereganya ka tlhamalalo mo mererong ya ka fa gare ya lefatshe e e amegang morago ga tlhaselo ya borukhutlhi. Gape ba ne ba sa rate go umakiwa ga Iseraele gangwe le gape mo tshwetsong, e e neng e le kgatlhanong le pono ya bone ya sepolotiki malebang le kgotlhang kwa Botlhabagare fa gare ga Iseraele le Palastina.[21]

Dipatlisiso

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ka ntlha ya go thuntshiwa ga boemedi jwa U.S. ka 1998 le ditlhaselo tsa kwa Mombasa, tirisanommogo ya Kenya-U.S.magareng ga balaodi e nonofile. E ne e le maiteko a a kopanetsweng fa gare ga Kenya, U.S. le Iseraele go tshwara batlhasedi. Ba kgonne go tlhomamisa gore badiri ba al-Qaeda ke bone ba ba neng ba dira ditlhaselo tseo ka ntlha ya go tshwana ga ditiragalo tsa kwa Nairobi le Mombasa. Batlhasedi ba ne ba dirisitse dibomo tsa dikoloi tse di neng di tserwe mo dilong tsa lefelo leo. Go rulaganya le go tsamaisa ditlhaselo, badiri ba al-Qaeda ba ne ba hira matlo mo mafelong a a humileng go kopana le batho ba e seng ba Kenya ba ba ipolayang ka dibomo.[22]

Ditlamorago

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ka 2003 mafatshe a Bophirima a ne a gakolola baagi botlhe ba tsone gore ba se ka ba ya kwa Kenya ka ntlha ya matshosetsi a borukhutlhi. Se se amile itsholelo ya Kenya ka tsela e e sa siamang e e neng e ikaegile thata ka lekala la bojanala. Morago ga dikgakololo le go emisiwa ga difofane tsa British Airways go ya kwa Nairobi, itsholelo ya Kenya e ne ya simolola go latlhegelwa ke mo e ka nnang didolara di le didikadike tse lekgolo le masome a mararo ka beke.[14]

  1. 1 2 3 "Israel evacuates tourists from Kenya". BBC News. 29 November 2002.
  2. ↑ "Kenyan hotel staff unpaid". BBC News. 5 December 2002.
  3. 1 2 "Al Qaeda claims responsibility for Kenya attacks - Dec. 3, 2002". CNN. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mararo ka 2025.
  4. ↑ "2002: Terrorists hit Paradise Hotel after elaborate planning". Daily Nation. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mararo le motso ka 2025.
  5. 1 2 UK condemns Kenya bomb attack. BBC News. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mararo le motso ka 2025.
  6. ↑ "Warnings were on Internet chat rooms, says cleric". Kenya Broadcasting Corporation. 28 November 2002. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mararo le motso ka 2025.
  7. ↑ Al-Qaeda suspected in Kenya attacks. BBC News. 28 November 2002.
  8. ↑ "Clashes broaden between Somali Islamist and government troops". Independent Online (South Africa). 20 December 2006. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mararo le motso ka 2025.
  9. ↑ "Commandos Kill Suspect in 2002 Mombasa Hotel Blast". Haaretz. 15 September 2009. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mararo le motso ka 2025.
  10. ↑ Aronson, Samuel L. (November 2013). "Kenya and the Global War on Terror:Neglecting History and Geopolitics in Approaches to Counterterrorism" (PDF). African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies. 7 (1&2). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 January 2014. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mararo le motso ka 2025.
  11. ↑ staff, T. O. I. "US wants Israel to try Gitmo prisoner for 2002 Kenya bombing — report". timesofisrael.com. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mararo le motso ka 2025.
  12. ↑ "The North and East African Clusters." Beyond Al-Qaeda: Part 1, The Global Jihadist Movement, by Angel Rabasa et al., RAND Corporation, 2006, pp. 119–134. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.7249/mg429af.17.
  13. ↑ Goldman, Adam; Schmitt, Eric; Fassihi, Farnaz; Bergman, Ronen (14 November 2020). "Al Qaeda's No. 2, Accused in U.S. Embassy Attacks, Is Secretly Killed in Iran". The New York Times – via NYTimes.com.
  14. 1 2 Kuto, Benjamin K.; Groves, James L. (2004). "The Effect of Terrorism: Evaluating Kenya's Tourism Crisis". e-Review of Tourism Research. 2: 2–4.
  15. ↑ Harbeson, John W; Rothchild, Donald S (2009). Africa in world politics: reforming political order. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. ISBN 978-0-8133-4364-8. OCLC 192042020.
  16. ↑ "Israel evacuates tourists from Kenya". 29 November 2002. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mararo le motso ka 2025.
  17. ↑ "Powell Condemns Terror Attacks". GlobalSecurity.org. 29 November 2002. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mararo le motso ka 2025.
  18. ↑ "At least eight killed in Mombasa hotel blast in Kenya". Xinhua News Agency. 28 November 2002.
  19. ↑ "This is senseless terrorism, Govt says". Kenya Broadcasting Corporation. 28 November 2002. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mararo le motso ka 2025.
  20. ↑ "Kenya attacks: TV and radio reports". BBC News. 29 November 2002. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mararo le motso ka 2025.
  21. ↑ "COUNCIL VOTES TO CONDEMN TERRORIST ATTACK IN KENYA, AS IT ADOPTS RESOLUTION 1450 (2002) BY VOTE OF 14-1 | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases". un.org. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mararo le motso ka 2025.
  22. ↑ Carson, Johnnie. "Kenya: The Struggle against Terrorism." Battling Terrorism in the Horn of Africa, edited by Robert I. Rotberg, Brookings Institution Press, 2005, pp. 173–192. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.7864/j.ctt128137.11.
Retrieved from "https://tn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ditlhaselo_tsa_Mombasa_tsa_2002&oldid=43960"