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Donatien Mahele Lieko Bokungu

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Donatien Mahele Lieko Bokungu
TsaloMoranang a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa 1941
Equateur, kwa Belgian Congo
LesoMotsheganong a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa 1997 ale dingwaga dile masome a matlhano le borataro
Kinshasa, kwa Zaire
AllegianceCongo-leopoldville go tswa ka 1965 go tsena 1971
Tiro/Lefelo la tiroZairian Armed Forces
Dingwag tsa a le mo tirong1965 go tsena 1997
MaemoMolaodi
DintwaShaba I Shaba II

Donatien "Marc" Mahele Lieko Bokungu ( o o tshotsweng ka Moranang a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa 1941, a tlhokafala ka Motsheganong a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa 1997) e ne e le moeteledipele wa sesole sa Zaire wa tlhwatlhwa o o berekileng e le ramasole wa bofelo wa ka nako ya puso ya ga Mobutu Sese Seko.[1]

Botshelo jwa gagwe

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

A tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1941, Mahele, mmetli ka kgwebo,[2] o tsholetsweng kwa kgaolong ya ga Mobutu ya Equateur,[3] mme ene o ne a sa tswa mo morafeng wa Ngbandi [4]jaaka Mobutu,e ne e le wa morafe wa Mbuza.[2]

E le mongwe wa boramasole ba ba palo potlana ba ba neng ba sa sikane le Mobutu,[2] o ne a farologane ka a ne a kgonne go fitlhelela maemo a gagwe ka bo ene, e seng ka botsalano jwa sepolotiki.[2][4][5] A katiseditswe kwa France, e ne e le leloko la ba ba katang Mobutu ka dingwaga tsa 1970.[2] O lole mo ntweng ya Shaba l,[5] a nna mo maemong a ka ntwa ya Shaba II.[2] O ne a itlhoma kwa pele ka nako ya dintwa tsa shaba ka maitshwaro a gagwe a mantle.[5] Morago ga Shaba II, o ne a tlhatlhosiwa maemo go nna ramasole, a bo a neelwa taolo ya sesole sa diberethe tsa dikhibidu.[2]

Ka ngwaga wa 1990, o ne a etelela pele lekgamu le le faphegileng la ga tautona le le neng le rometswe kwa Rwanda go thusa tsala ya ga Mobutu e e neng e tenegile ebong tautona Juvenal Habyarimana.[2][6][7] Mo ngwageng o o latelang, o ne a thusa go emisa ditlhaselo, go gapa le mwgwanto ya masole le beng gae kwa Kinshasa.[8]

Mahele o a neng a itsewe e le motho o o ka senyetseng setshaba mo mafatshe ka kakaretso, o ne a ratiwa thata ke batho ba Zaire ba mo gae ka a ne a kokobaditse ditlhaselo tsa masole a ga Mobutu  ka dingwaga tsa 1990, le fa go ntse jalo, boramasole ba bangwe ba Zaire ba ne ba sa mo rate thata ka mabaka a a tshwanang.[4][5] E ne e le motho o o kgalang thata tshenyetso setšhaba ya puso kwa Zaire.[9] Morago, o ne a tlhopiwa ke Mobutu go nna moeteledipele wa masole , mme tumelo ya gagwe ya gore masole ga a a tshwanela go sala polotiki morago le gore a tshwanetse go arabela batho ba Zaire, e ne ya seka ya itumedisa tautona, o a neng a mo emisetsa ka ramasole o mongwe ka ponyo ya leitlho.[2] Mahele o ne a neelwa setlhogo se se senang maemo, a fetsa dingwaga di le tharo a batla ditshono tsa kgwebo ebile a tibile.[2]

Ka nako ya ntwa ya ntlha ya Congo, o ne a busiwa go tswa mo go rolweng marapp ga nakwana, a thapiwa go nna moeteledipele wa babereki ba sesole, mothusa tona, le tona wa tshireletso ya lefatshe le dikgang tsa masole a pele,[10] a filwe thomo ya go fetola sesole sa Zaire le go fenya ditsuolodi tsa ga Laurent Kabila.[2]

Letsatsi pele ga Mobutu a thankgolwa, Mahele o ne a bolawa ke ba ba neng ba eme Mobutu nokeng,[11] ka a ne a likile go buisana ka go ineela mo go iketlileng le Kabila, gore ba kgone go kganela ntwa ya bofelo kwa toropokgolong ya Kinshasa, le go fema batho ba lone mo tshololong madi e e ka bong e ne ya nna teng.[11][12] Morwa Mobutu ebong Kongulu Mobutu, o ne a belaelwa ke bangwe gore o na le seabe mo polaong ya ga Mahele,[13] fa ba bangwe, ba akaretsa kgaitsadie Kongulu ebong Nzanga, ba latola se.[14]

  1. "Foes of Congo Leader Disrupt Funeral Service." New York Times, June 13, 1997. Accessed on 29 July 2025
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Zaire: IRIN Briefing Part III, 02/27/97" United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs Integrated Regional Information Network. Accessed on 29 July 2025
  3. Wrong, Michela. In the Footsteps of Mr. Kurtz: Living on the Brink of Disaster in Mobutu's Congo. First Perennial. 2002. Page 265
  4. 1 2 3 Wrong, p. 283
  5. 1 2 3 4 French, Howard W. (2005). A Continent for the Taking: The Tragedy and Hope of Africa. First Vintage Books. ISBN 978-1400030279.
  6. Melvern, Linda. Conspiracy to Murder: The Rwandan Genocide. Verso. 2006. Page 14
  7. Zaire: A Country Study, "Zaire as a Military Aid Donor." Accessed on 29 July 2025
  8. Cooper 2013, p. 8.
  9. French 2005, p. 207.
  10. List of Prime Minister Likulia Bolongo's Cabinet members[usurped] CongoOnline.com. Accessed on 29 July 2025
  11. 1 2 "Hope and retribution in Zaire." BBC News, May 24, 1997. Accessed on 29 July 2025
  12. "Kabila declares himself president of Zaire." Archived 2006-11-28 at the Wayback Machine CNN, May 17, 1997. Accessed on 29 July 2025
  13. "Mobutu's Son Lingers, Reportedly Settling Scores." New York Times, May 18, 1997. Accessed on 29 July 2025
  14. Wrong, p. 286