Jump to content

Elaine Brown

Tsenya dikgolaganyo
Go tswa ko Wikipedia

Elaine Brown (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e thola bobedi (2) ka ngwaga wa 1943) ke motshabi wa kgolegelo wa kwa Amerika, mokwadi, moopedi, le modulasetilo wa pele wa Black Panther Party yo o nnang kwa Oakland, California. [1]Brown o ne a tsenela ditlhopho tsa boporesitente tsa Green Party ka ngwaga wa 2008.[2]

Ga jaana o direla jaaka COO ya Oakland & the World Enterprises, e a e theileng ka ngwaga wa 2014.[3]

Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Elaine Brown o goletse kwa motseng wa North Philadelphia le mmaagwe e bong Dorothy Clark le rraagwe yo o neng a seyo. Le mororo mmaagwe Brown a ne a humanegile thata, o ne a dira ka natla go tlamela Elaine. O ne a tsena sekolo sa poraefete, a ithuta mmino e bile a apara diaparo tse dintle. Mo bongwaneng jwa gagwe, o ne a ithuta piano le ballet ka dingwaga di le dintsi kwa sekolong sa poraemari sa basweu. Fa Elaine e ne e le lekgarebe le le bantsho, o ne a na le ditsala di le mmalwa fela tsa Maafrika-Amerika mme o ne a fetsa nako e ntsi a na le batho ba basweu. Fa a sena go aloga kwa Sekolong se Segolo sa Basetsana sa Philadelphia, sekolo sa setšhaba sa go baakanyetsa basadi ba ba nang le bokgoni, o ne a ithuta kwa Temple University ka nako e e kwa tlase ga semesetara. O ne a tlogela sekolo sa Temple ka gonne a ne a batla go dira mo kgwebong ya mmino. Brown o ne a fudugela kwa Los Angeles, California, go nna mokwadi wa dipina wa porofeshenale. Fa a ntse a le kwa Los Angeles, Brown o ne a ikwadisa kwa Yunibesithing ya California kwa Los Angeles. Moragonyana o ne a ya go tsenela Mills College le Southwestern University School of Law.[4][5]

Fa a goroga kwa California a se na madi a mantsi e bile a se na ditsala tse dintsi, Brown o ne a bona tiro ya go nna moamogedi wa dijo kwa tlelapeng nngwe ya di-striptease ya The Pink Pussycat. Fa a ntse a dira kwa Pink Pussycat, o ne a kopana le Jay Richard Kennedy, motsamaisi wa mmino yo o neng a mo ruta ka dilo tse di raraaneng tsa tshiamiso ya loago. Ba ne ba ratana. Brown o ne a ithuta ka go tsenelela mo dipolotiking ka tlhamalalo fa a ne a na le botsalano le Kennedy. Ka ntlha ya thuto e e tseneletseng ya Civil Rights Movement, Capitalism, le Communism e Kennedy a neng a e mo naya, Brown o ne a nna le seabe mo Black Liberation Movement. Morago ga go nna mmogo nakonyana e khutshwane kwa Hollywood Hills Hotel, ba ne ba kgaogana.[6]Morago ga kamano eno ya botlhokwa, go nna le seabe ga ga Brown mo dipolotiking go ne ga gola mme a simolola go berekela pampiri ya dikgang ya Harambee.[7]Ka bonako morago ga moo, Brown o ne a nna moemedi wa ntlha wa Black Student Alliance kwa Black Congress kwa California. Ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 1968, morago ga polao ya Martin Luther King Jr., o ne a tsenela kopano ya gagwe ya ntlha ya kgaolo ya Los Angeles ya Black Panther Party. [8]

Go nna le seabe mo Mokgatlhong wa Black Panther

Ka ngwaga wa 1968, Brown o ne a tsena mo mokgatlhong wa Black Panther Party jaaka leloko la maemo a a kwa tlase, a ithuta dibuka tsa diphetogo, le go rekisa makwalodikgang a Black Panther Party. O ne a thusa mokgatlho go tlhoma lenaneo la Free Breakfast for Children kwa Los Angeles, mmogo le lenaneo la Free Busing to Prisons le Free Legal Aid Program.[9]

Ka ngwaga wa 1968, Brown o ne a laelwa ke David Hilliard, mookamedi wa badiri ba mokgatlho, go rekota dipina tsa gagwe, kopo e e neng ya felela ka alebamo ya Seize the Time. Kgabagare o ne a nna morulaganyi wa Black Panther kwa Lekaleng la Lekoko la kwa Borwa jwa California.

Brown e ne e le leloko la U.S. Baemedi ba Batho ba ba kgatlhanong le puso ya bokgosi ba ba neng ba etela China ka ngwaga wa 1970, mmogo le leloko le lengwe le le itsegeng la mokgatlho Eldridge Cleaver.[10]: 39

Ka ngwaga wa 1971, Brown o ne a nna leloko la Komiti-Kgolo ya Lekoko jaaka Tona ya Tshedimosetso, a emisetsa Cleaver yo o neng a kobilwe. Ka ngwaga wa 1973, Brown o ne a laelwa go rekota dipina tse dingwe ke mothei wa Black Panther Party le Tona ya Tshireletso Huey P. Newton. Dipina tseno di ne tsa felela ka alebamo ya Until We're Free.

E le karolo ya taelo ya ga Newton, Brown o ne a palelwa ke go nna leloko la khansele ya toropo ya Oakland ka ngwaga wa 1973, a bona tautona di le 30 tsa diboutu. O ne a itlhagisa gape ka ngwaga wa 1975, a latlhegelwa gape ka 44 lekgolong ya diboutu.[8]Fa Newton a ne a tshabela kwa Cuba ka ngwaga wa 1974 go tila ditatofatso tsa bokebekwa, o ne a tlhoma Brown go etelela pele Black Panther Party. Brown e ne e le ene fela mosadi yo o neng a dira jalo. O ne a etelela pele mokgatlho wa Black Panther Party go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1974 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1977. O ne a tlhola a tshwenngwa ke go tlhaolwa ka ntlha ya bong jwa gagwe ka gonne banna ba ne ba sa rate go laelwa ke mosadi.

Mosadi yo o neng a le mo mokgatlhong wa Black Power o ne a tsewa a se botlhokwa. Mosadi mongwe yo o neng a ipona a le botlhokwa e ne e le motho yo o sa batlegeng. Fa mosadi wa motho yo montsho a ne a ka nna le seabe sa go etelela pele, go ne go twe o ne a senya bonna jwa batho ba bantsho, o ne a kgoreletsa kgatelopele ya morafe wa batho ba bantsho. E ne e le mmaba wa batho ba bantsho.... Ke ne ke itse gore ke tla tshwanelwa ke go dira sengwe se se nonofileng gore ke kgone go laola Black Panther Party.

⁇  Go tswa mo bukeng ya gagwe ya 1992 ya A Taste of Power [11][12]

Ka nako ya fa Brown e ne e le moeteledipele wa mokgatlho wa Black Panther Party, o ne a tlhoma mogopolo mo dipolotiking tsa ditlhopho le go direla setšhaba. Ka ngwaga wa 1977, o ne a laola letsholo la ga Lionel Wilson go nna ratoropo wa ntlha wa Oakland wa motho montsho. Gape, Brown o ne a tlhoma Panther's Liberation School, e e neng ya amogelwa ke puso ya California jaaka sekolo sa sekao.[13]

Brown o ne a tlogela go nna modulasetilo wa Black Panther Party mo e ka nnang ngwaga morago ga gore Newton a boele gae go tswa kwa Cuba ka ngwaga wa 1977, fa Newton a ne a gana go kgala go itewa ga Regina Davis, motsamaisi wa Panther Liberation School. Maloko a mangwe a banna a mokgatlho oo a ne a betsa Davis mme a mo roba lerama ka gonne a ne a kgalemela modirimmogo le ene fa a ne a sa dira tiro ya gagwe. Newton o ne a tlhopha go dirisana le banna. Tiragalo e e ne e le nako eo Brown a neng a sa tlhole a kgona go itshokela go tlhaola batho go ya ka bong jwa bone le go nna tlhogo ya lotso ga Black Panther Party.[14]Mo go ba le bantsi, go tsamaya ga ga Brown go ne ga bonwa jaaka phetogo e kgolo mo Mokgatlhong.[15]O ne a tswa kwa Oakland le morwadie, Ericka, mme a fudugela kwa Los Angeles  ⁇  a tshaba gore a ka nna le kotsi.

Brown o gatisitse alebamo tse pedi: Seize the Time (Vault, 1969) le Until We're Free (Motown Records, 1973). [16]Seize the Time e akaretsa "The Meeting", pina ya Black Panther Party.

  1. ↑ Wheaton, Sarah (December 12, 2010), "Inmates in Georgia Prisons Use Contraband Phones to Coordinate Protest", The New York Times.
  2. ↑ "Green Candidate for President Visits Colorado" Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine. Metro Denver Greens
  3. ↑ "About". OAW WEBSITE. Retrieved March 27, 2024.
  4. ↑ Brown, Elaine. A Taste of Power: A Black Woman's Story (New York: Doubleday, 1992), pp. 70-72.
  5. ↑ "Elaine Brown (March 2, 1943)". National Archives. August 25, 2016. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
  6. ↑ Brown, Elaine. A Taste of Power: A Black Woman's Story (New York: Doubleday, 1992).
  7. ↑ Brown, Scot (2001). "The US Organization, Black Power Vanguard Politics, And The United Front Ideal: Los Angeles And Beyond". Black Scholar. 31 (3/4): 21. doi:10.1080/00064246.2001.11431153. S2CID 147172238
  8. 1 2 "Brown, Elaine (1943- ) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed". The Black Past. November 24, 2007. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
  9. ↑ "More About Elaine". Elaine Brown. Archived from the original on November 28, 2010. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
  10. ↑ Minami, Kazushi (2024). People's Diplomacy: How Americans and Chinese Transformed US-China Relations during the Cold War. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 9781501774157
  11. ↑ Brown, Elaine. A Taste of Power: A Black Woman’s Story (New York: Doubleday, 1992), p. 357
  12. ↑ Spencer, Robyn C. "ENGENDERING THE BLACK FREEDOM STRUGGLE: Revolutionary Black Womanhood and the Black Panther Party in the Bay Area, California." Journal of Women's History, vol. 20, no. 1, 2008, pp. 90-113.
  13. ↑ "A Complete Idiot's Guide to U.S. And Russian Meddling". March 2, 2019
  14. ↑ {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help)
  15. ↑ Brown, Elaine. A Taste of Power: A Black Woman's Story (New York: Doubleday, 1992), p. 444
  16. ↑ Norwood, Quincy T. (2003) "Respect Her Gangsta!: A Review of the Music of Elaine Brown." Archived 2007-08-22 at the Wayback Machine Proud Flesh: A New Afrikan Journal of Culture, Politics & Consciousness.
Retrieved from "https://tn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elaine_Brown&oldid=47057"