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Flores Historiarum

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Flores Historiarum (Malomo a Hisitori) ke leina la ditiragalo tse pedi tse di farologaneng (le fa di amana) tsa Selatine ke borahisitori ba Seesemane ba metlha ya bogare tse di neng tsa tlhamiwa mo lekgolong la bo13 la dingwaga, tse di neng di amana kwa tshimologong le Abbey ya St Albans.

Hisitori ya Dithunya tsa Wendover

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Flores Historiarum ya ntlha e ne ya tlhamiwa ke mokwadi wa St Albans, Roger wa Wendover, yo o neng a rwala tatelano ya gagwe ya ditiragalo go tloga ka Popo go fitlha ka 1235, ngwaga pele ga loso lwa gagwe. Roger o bolela mo ketapeleng ya gagwe gore o tlhophile "mo dibukeng tsa bakwadi ba Katoliki ba ba tshwanelwang ke go akgolwa, fela jaaka malomo a mebala e e farologaneng a kokoanngwa go tswa mo masimong a a farologaneng." Ka gone gape o ne a bitsa tiro ya gagwe a re ke Flores Historiarum. Le fa go ntse jalo, fela jaaka bontsi jwa ditiragalo, jaanong ga e tsewe tsia thata ka ntlha ya se se neng se tserwe mo bakwading ba pele, mme ka ntlha ya kanelo ya yone e e tletseng le e e matlhagatlhaga ya ditiragalo tsa motlha oo go tloga ka 1215 go ya go 1235,[1] go akaretsa le go saeniwa ga Magna Carta ke Kgosi John kwa Runnymede.[2]

Buka eno e ntse e le teng mo mokwalong o le mongwe wa seatla wa lekgolo la dingwaga la bolesometharo mo Laeboraring ya Bodleian (MS Douce 207), khopi e e kgaotsweng ditokololo ya lekgolo la bo14 la dingwaga mo Laeboraring ya Borithane (Cotton MS Otho B V), le mo mofuteng o o fetotsweng ke Matthews Paris o o bopang karolo ya ntlha ya bolumo ya gagwe ya Chronicas Majora.[3]

Metswedi e e kopantsweng mo Flores e akaretsa Bede, Geoffrey wa Monmouth, Sigebert wa Gembloux, Florence wa Worcester, Simeone wa Durham, William wa Malmesbury, Henry wa Huntingdon, Robert wa Monte, William wa Ture, Ralph wa Diceto, Benedictus Abbas le Roger wa Hove ( 1194).[4] [5]Lenaane le le tseneletseng le neetswe ke Luard,[6]yo mo mokwalong wa gagwe o o tsamayang gape a tshwayang motswedi o o bonalang wa karolo nngwe le nngwe. Go tloga ka 1201 le go fitlha ka puso ya ga Kgosi John e dirisa motswedi o o tshwanang fa gare ga yone le Annales Sancti Edmundi e moragonyana e neng ya dirisiwa ke John de Taxster, le gape dibuka dingwe tsa ditiragalo tse di neng tsa okediwa mo khoping ya St. Albans ya Diceto.[7]

Letlha la go tlhamiwa ga nyutlease ya ntlhantlha ya kokoanyo e ile ya ganetsanwa. Mokwalo wa seatla o o mo Laeboraring ya Bodleian, o o kwadilweng ka ca. 1300, e na le ntlha e e kwa thoko kgatlhanong le annal ya 1188 e e balegang jaana "go fitlha fano mo bukeng ya ditiragalo ya ga Abbot John".[8]Luard o ne a tsaya gore seno se kaya gore go ne go na le konokono ya Flores go fitlha ka 1188, e go tlhamiwa ga yone go neng go okametswe ke John wa Wallingford ka nako nngwe ka nako ya fa a ne a le moitlami wa St Albans fa gare ga 1195 le 1214.[9] Ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe, 1188 gape ke fa mokwalo wa ntlha wa Chronica Majora ya ga Matthew Paris o konela, ka bokhutlo jwa puso ya ga Henry II, ka jalo pono e nngwe ke gore eno e ka tswa e ne e le buka ya ditiragalo e go buiwang ka yone, e e ka tswang e ne e le mo diatleng tsa ga Abbot John wa moragonyana kwa tshimologong ya lekgolo la bo14 la dingwaga fa mokwalo wa seatla o ne o kwalwa.[10]

Fa re akanya ka mokwalo ka boone, dikarolo dingwe tsa pele tsa tiro eno di dirisa thata Historia scholastica (mo e ka nnang ka 1173) ya ga Petrus Comestor, e khopi ya yone e neng ya se ka ya tsenngwa mo ntlong ya baitlami go fitlha ka nako ya fa John wa Wallingford a ne a nna moitlami.[11] (Le fa Luard go sele a lemogile dipharologano dingwe fa gare ga tsela e Comestor a neng a tshwarwa ka yone le ya bakwadi ba bangwe).[12] Tiro ya ga Diceto, e e dirisiwang go ralala Flores mme bogolo jang morago ga 1066, le yone e ne ya se ka ya kopololelwa Abbey go fitlha ka 1204.[13] Mo sebopegong sa yone sa bofelo annal ya 1179 e na le tshupiso ya Lekgotla la Lateran la 1215,[14]mme Vaughan o fitlhela gore mekwalo yotlhe e e setseng e le teng kwa bofelong e tswa mo sekaong se se tlwaelegileng sa bagologolwane se se ka nnang pele ga 1228.[15] Le fa go ntse jalo, Vaughan ga a kgaphe kwa thoko kgonagalo ya gore go ka tswa go nnile le kokoanyo nngwe ya pele e e dirisitsweng ke Wendover,[16]mme o bona bosupi bongwe jwa kokoanyo e e ntseng jalo, gongwe go fitlha ka 1066.[17]

Flores Historiarum ya kwa Paris, le tswelediso ya yone

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Flores Historiarum ya bobedi e e anamisitsweng thata e simolola ka nako ya popo go fitlha ka 1326 (le mororo mekwalo mengwe ya pelenyana e felela ka 1306). E ne ya kokoanngwa ke batho ba ba farologaneng mme ka bonako fela ya tuma mo motlheng oo, ka gonne e ne ya tswelela pele ke diatla tse dintsi mo dingwaong tse dintsi tsa mekwalo ya seatla. Gareng ga mekwalo e e setseng e le masome a mabedi[18] ke e e kokoantsweng kwa St. kwa Norwich (Klaudio E 8 wa Mokathone); Rochester (Nero D 2 wa Mokathone); St Paul, Lontone (Lambeth Mss 1106); St Mary's, Southwark (Laeborari ya Bodleian, Mss B 177); le kwa St Augustine, kwa Kanterebury (Harley MS 641).[19]

E kwadilwe kwa tshimologong kwa Ntlong ya Baitlami ya St Albans mme moragonyana kwa Ntlong ya Baitlami ya Westminster. Mokwalo wa ntlhantlha, o e leng motheo wa ditswelediso tsotlhe tse di farologaneng, o bolokilwe kwa Laeboraring ya ga Chetham, kwa Manchester. Mokwalo ono wa seatla o ne wa isiwa kwa tlase go fitlha ka 1265, o na le dintlha tse dikhutshwane le diphetogo mo seatleng sa ga Matthew Paris. Tsweletso e ne ya rwala pego ya ditiragalo go fitlha ka 1306; tsweletso go tloga ka 1306 go ya go 1325/26 e ne ya kokoanngwa kwa Westminster ke Robert wa Reading (yo o tlhokafetseng ka 1325) le moitlami yo mongwe wa kwa Westminster.

Hisitori ya bobedi ya Flores e ne ya amana le "Mathaio wa Westminster" ka dingwaga di le dintsi, yo Henry Richards Luard a neng a bontsha gore tota e ne e le Mathaio Paris.[20]

Hisitori ya Florese kgatlhanong thata le Robert wa ga Bruce. Go ya ka pego ya ditiragalo, morago ga gore Bruce a rwesiwe serwalatlhogo go nna kgosi ya Scotland ka dikgakologo tsa 1306, Lady Elisabeth Bruce o bolelela monna wa gagwe jaana: "Ke akanya gore o kgosi ya selemo; gongwe ga o kitla o nna wa mariga".[21]

  1. ↑ Volume I, Chapter IX, Section 19 of The Cambridge History of English and American Literature
  2. ↑ "Signing of Magna Carta, Runneymede, 1215". Archived from the original on 2017-03-24. Retrieved 2009-11-20.
  3. ↑ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:
  4. ↑ Frederic Madden (1866), Historia Anglorum, vol 3, xxiii
  5. ↑ F. M. Powicke (1906), Roger of Wendover and the Coggeshall Chronicle, The English Historical Review, 21 (82), pp. 286–296
  6. ↑ Henry Richards Luard (1872, 1874) Matthei Parisiensis Chronica Majora, vol 1 p. xxxiv (to 1066) and vol. 2 p. xiii (to 1216)
  7. ↑ Vaughan (1958), Matthew Paris, p. 24
  8. ↑ "hic usque in lib. cronic. Johannis abbatis".
  9. ↑ Luard (1874, 1880), Chronica Majora, vol 2 pp.x–xii and vol 7 pp ix–xi
  10. ↑ Madden (1866), Historia Anglorum, vol 1, p lxxi; also Powicke (1944), Compilation of the Chronica Majora, Proc. Brit. Acad. 30, 148–9, and Galbraith, Roger Wendover and Matthew Paris, p. 16 and note 1. Both cited by Vaughan (1958), Matthew Paris, p. 23
  11. ↑ Luard (1872), Chronica Majora, vol 1 p. xxxii; British Library, Royal MS 4 D VII (illustrated catalogue)
  12. ↑ Luard (1872), Chronica Majora, vol 1 p. xli
  13. ↑ Felix Liebermann (1888), in Monumenta Germaniae Historica SS 28 pp.7–8, cited in Vaughan, Matthew Paris, p.22; British Library, Royal MS 13 E VI (Illustrated catalogue)
  14. ↑ Frederic Madden (1866), Historia Anglorum, vol 3, xxiii
  15. ↑ Vaughan, Matthew Paris, p.28
  16. ↑ Vaughan, Matthew Paris, pp.96–97
  17. ↑ Vaughan, Matthew Paris, pp.96–97
  18. ↑ According to Reginald L. Poole, reviewing Luard's 1890 edition in The English Historical Review 7 (January 1892):146–150 p. 148.
  19. ↑ According to Luard
  20. ↑ Luard, Henry, ed. (2012) [1890]. "Preface". Flores Historiarum. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. pp. IX–XI. ISBN 978-1108-053-34-1. Retrieved 2023-03-09 – via Google Libri.
  21. ↑ John McKinnell Meeting the Other in Norse Myth and Legend 1843840421-p 69 2005 "According to the Flores Historiarum, these were the words of Lady Elisabeth Bruce to her husband Robert after he had had himself crowned king of Scots in the spring of 1306, as part of his campaign to wrest control of ... ... The implication is of a battle between the 'kings' of Summer and Winter43 in which the 'Summer King' is killed, and also that his consort is hostile to him. We have already seen both features in. 19 Ed. Ill, 130; for other 'summer kings', see E. K. Chambers...
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