Go Fedisa bokgoba

Setshwantsho sa mosimane wa lekgoba kwa Pusong ya Zanzibar. 'Kotlhao ya mong wa Moarabea ka ntlha ya tlolomolao e nnye.' circa 1890. Go tloga bonnye ka dingwaga tsa bo 1860 go ya pele, go tsaya dinepe e ne e le sebetsa se se maatla mo dibetseng tsa bafedisi.

Go fedisa bokgoba, kgotsa mokgatlho wa go fedisa bokgoba, ke mokgatlho wa sepolotiki wa go fedisa bokgoba le go golola batho ba ba dirilweng makgoba mo lefatsheng lotlhe.

Lefatshe la ntlha go thibela bokgoba ka botlalo e ne e le Fora ka 1315, mme moragonyana e ne ya dirisiwa mo dikoloning tsa yone. Lefatshe la ntlha go fedisa le go otlhaya bokgoba jwa batho ba tlhago e ne e le Spain ka Melao e Mesha ka 1542. Ka fa tlase ga ditiro tsa ga Toyotomi Hideyoshi, bokgoba jwa chattel bo fedisitswe go ralala Japane e sale ka 1590, le fa go ne go dirisiwa mefuta e mengwe ya tiro ya pateletso ka Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi. Lefatshe la ntlha le e le losi fela le le neng la ikgolola mo bokgobeng e ne e le kolone ya pele ya Fora, Haiti, ka ntlha ya Phetogo ya 1791–1804. Mokgatlho wa Borithane wa go fedisa bokgoba o ne wa simolola kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la bolesome le boferabobedi la dingwaga, mme kgetsi ya Somersett ya 1772 e ne ya tlhomamisa gore bokgoba bo ne bo seyo mo molaong wa Seesemane. Ka 1807, kgwebo ya makgoba e ne ya dirwa gore e se ka ya nna kafa molaong go ralala Mmusomogolo wa Borithane, le fa makgoba a a neng a le teng mo dikoloning tsa Borithane a ne a sa gololwa go fitlha ka Molao wa go Fedisa Bokgoba ka 1833. Kwa Amerika, Pensilvania le Vermont e ne e le dikgaolo tsa ntlha go fedisa bokgoba, Vermont ka 1777 le Pensilvania ka 1780 (Vermont ga e a ka ya tsenela Kopano go fitlha ka 1791). Ka 1804, dikgaolo tse dingwe tsotlhe tse di kwa bokone di ne di fedisitse bokgoba, mme bo ne bo sa ntse bo le kafa molaong kwa dikgaolong tse di kwa borwa. Ka 1808, Amerika e ne ya thibela go tlisa makgoba go tswa kwa dinageng tse dingwe mme ka 1865 ya thibela go dira makgoba fa e se fela fa e le kotlhao.

Kwa Yuropa Botlhaba, ditlhopha di ne tsa rulaganya go fedisa go dira Baroma makgoba kwa Wallachia le Moldavia fa gare ga 1843 le 1855, le go golola batlhanka kwa Russia ka 1861. United States e ne e tla fetisa Phetolo ya molaomotheo wa kwa United States ya lesome le boraro ka Sedimonthole 1865 morago ga go lwantsha Ntwa ya Selegae ya tshololo ya madi, e fedisa bokgoba "fa e se fela e le kotlhao ya bosinyi". Ka 1888, Brazil e ne ya nna lefatshe la bofelo kwa Amerika go thibela bokgoba. Fa Mmusomogolo wa Japane o ntse o gapa mafatshe a Asia, go tloga kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la bolesome le boferabongwe la dingwaga go ya pele, metheo ya bogologolo e e akaretsang bokgoba di ne tsa fedisiwa mo mafatsheng ao.

Mo lekgolong la bomasome mabedi la dingwaga, Kgolagano ya Ditshaba e ne ya tlhoma dikhuduthamaga di le mmalwa, Khuduthamaga ya Bokgoba jwa Nakwana (1924–1926), Komiti ya Bomankge ka Bokgoba (1932) le Komiti ya Bogakolodi ya Bomankge ka Bokgoba (1934–1939), e e neng ya dira dipatlisiso tsa boditshabatshaba tsa bokgoba le ditumalano, tse di jaaka Tumalano ya 1926 ya Bokgoba, go fedisa motheo ono lefatshe ka bophara.

Ka 1948, bokgoba bo ne jwa bolelwa gore ga bo kafa molaong mo Maiphakolong a Lefatshe Lotlhe a Ditshwanelo Tsa Batho a lekgotla la Lekgotla la Ditshaba. Ka nako eno, lefatshe la Maarabea e ne e le lone fela kgaolo mo lefatsheng le bokgoba jwa chattel jwa ditheo bo neng bo santse bo le kafa molaong mo go lone. Bokgoba kwa Saudi Arabia, bokgoba kwa Yemen le bokgoba kwa Dubai bo ne jwa fedisiwa ka 1962–1963, mme bokgoba kwa Oman bo ne jwa latela ka 1970.

Mauritania ke lefatshe la bosheng go fedisa bokgoba semmuso, ka taelo ya ga tautona ka 1981.^[1] Gompieno, bokgoba jwa bana le bagolo le go patelediwa go dira tiro ya pateletso ga go kafa molaong mo e ka nnang mo mafatsheng otlhe,^{[citation needed]} mmogo le go nna kgatlhanong le molao wa boditshabatshaba, mme go gweba ka batho gore ba bereke le go nna makgoba a tlhakanelodikobo go tswelela go ama didikadike di le masomesome tsa bagolo le bana.

Fora

Go fedisiwa ga pele kwa toropongkgolo ya Fora

Balthild wa Chelles, yo ka boene e kileng ya bo e le lekgoba, kgosigadi ya Neustria le Burgundy ka lenyalo le Clovis II, o ne a nna mmusi ka 657 fa e sa le kgosi, morwawe e bong Chlothar III, a ne a na le dingwaga di le tlhano fela. Ka letsatsi lengwe le le sa itsiweng fa a ne a busa, o ne a fedisa kgwebo ya makgoba, le mororo a sa fedise bokgoba. Mo godimo ga moo, mokgatlho wa bopelotshweu o a neng a o rata thata (le wa ga Moitshepi Eligius wa motlha wa gagwe) e ne e le go reka le go golola makgoba, segolobogolo bana. Bokgoba bo ne jwa simolola go fokotsega mme bo ne bo tla emisediwa ka bokgoba jwa sekoloto.^[2]^[3]

Ka 1315, Louis X, kgosi ya Fora, o ne a gatisa taelo e e neng e bolela gore "Fora e kaya kgololesego" le gore lekgoba lengwe le lengwe le le tsenyang leoto mo mmung wa Fora le tshwanetse go gololwa. Seno se ne sa dira gore dipuso tse di neng tsa latela morago ga moo di kgaoganye bokgoba kwa dikoloning tse di kwa moseja ga mawatle.^[4]

Dikgetse dingwe tsa makgoba a Maaforika a a golotsweng ka go baya dinao mo mmung wa Fora di ne tsa kwalwa jaaka sekai sa mogwebi wa makgoba wa Norman yo o neng a leka go rekisa makgoba kwa Bordeaux ka 1571. O ne a tshwarwa mme makgoba a gagwe a gololwa go ya ka tlhomamiso ya Palamente ya Guyenne e e neng e bolela gore go ne go na le bokgoba jo bo sa siamang kwa Fora, le fa go ne go na le phosego ya gore ‘ga go na makgoba kwa Fora’; diketekete tsa makgoba a Aforika di ne di le teng kwa Fora ka lekgolo la bolesome le boferabobedi la dingwaga.^[5]^[6] Thomas-Alexandre Dumas o ne a tsholelwa mo bokgobeng kwa Saint Domingue, mme o ne a gololesega fa rraagwe a ne a mo tlisa kwa Fora ka 1776.

Code Noir le Motlha wa Tshedimoso

Fela jaaka mo dikoloning tse dingwe tsa Lefatshe le Lesha, Bafora ba ne ba ikaegile ka kgwebo ya makgoba ya Atlantic go bona tiro ya masimo a bone a nsukiri mo dikoloning tsa bone tsa Caribbean; West Indies wa Fora. Mo godimo ga moo, batswakwa ba Fora kwa Louisiane kwa Amerika Bokone ba ne ba na le makgoba, segolobogolo kwa Borwa go dikologa New Orleans, koo ba neng ba tlhoma masimo a sukiri gone.

Metswedi

↑ "Slavery's last stronghold", CNN. March 2012. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.
↑ "The Life of St. Eligius". Medieval Sourcebook. Translated by Jo Ann McNamara. Fordham University. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.
↑ Schulenburg, Jane. Forgetful of their Sex: Female Sanctity and Society, ca. 500–1100, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998, e nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.
↑ Christopher L. Miller, The French Atlantic Triangle: literature and culture of the slave trade, Duke University Press, p. 20. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.
↑ Malick W. Ghachem, The Old Regime and the Haitian Revolution, Cambridge University Press, p. 54. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.
↑ Chatman, Samuel L. (2000). "'There Are No Slaves in France': A Re-Examination of Slave Laws in Eighteenth Century France". The Journal of Negro History. 85 (3): 144–153. doi:10.2307/2649071. JSTOR 2649071. S2CID 141017958. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.

[1] "Slavery's last stronghold", CNN. March 2012. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.

[2] "The Life of St. Eligius". Medieval Sourcebook. Translated by Jo Ann McNamara. Fordham University. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.

[3] Schulenburg, Jane. Forgetful of their Sex: Female Sanctity and Society, ca. 500–1100, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998, e nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.

[4] Christopher L. Miller, The French Atlantic Triangle: literature and culture of the slave trade, Duke University Press, p. 20. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.

[5] Malick W. Ghachem, The Old Regime and the Haitian Revolution, Cambridge University Press, p. 54. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.

[6] Chatman, Samuel L. (2000). "'There Are No Slaves in France': A Re-Examination of Slave Laws in Eighteenth Century France". The Journal of Negro History. 85 (3): 144–153. doi:10.2307/2649071. JSTOR 2649071. S2CID 141017958. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.

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