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Go fedisa bokgoba kwa United States

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Lebokoso la go kokoanya la Mokgatlho wa Massachusetts o o Kgatlhanong le Bokgoba, c. 1850, e e dirilweng ka bontlhabongwe e e theilweng mo seetseleng sa Wedgwood se se kgatlhanong le bokgoba[1]

Kwa United States, go fedisa bokgoba, mokgatlho o o neng o batla go fedisa bokgoba mo lefatsheng, o ne o le matlhagatlhaga go tloga ka nako ya bokolone go fitlha ka Ntwa ya Selegae ya Amerika, e bokhutlo jwa yone bo neng jwa tlisa go fedisiwa ga bokgoba jwa Amerika, ntle le fa e le kotlhao ya bosenyi, ka Phetolo ya molaomotheo wa kwa United States ya lesome le boraro (e e amogetsweng ka 1865).

Mokgatlho o o kgatlhanong le bokgoba o simolotse ka Motlha wa Enlightenment, o o neng o tlhomile mogopolo mo go fediseng kgwebo ya makgoba ya Atlantic. Kwa Amerika ya Bokolone, Ba-Quaker ba le mmalwa ba Jeremane ba ne ba ntsha Kopo ya Ba-Quaker ya Germantown ya 1688 ya go Lwantsha Bokgoba, e e neng ya tshwaya tshimologo ya mokgatlho wa Amerika wa go fedisa Bokgoba. Pele ga Ntwa ya Phetogo, bakolone ba baefangele e ne e le bone babueledi ba bagolo ba go nna kgatlhanong le bokgoba le kgwebo ya makgoba, ba dira jalo ba ikaegile ka maitsholo a botho. Le fa go ntse jalo, ba bangwe ba ba jaaka James Oglethorpe, mothei wa kolone ya Georgia, le bone ba ne ba na le maitlhomo a sepolotiki a go tlosa bokgoba. Go thibela bokgoba ka Teko ya Georgia ya 1735 ka bontlhabongwe go thibela tirisanommogo ya Spain le makgoba a a tshabileng a Georgia, Oglethorpe o ne a feleletsa a phimotse molao o ka 1750 morago ga go fenngwa ga Spain mo Ntweng ya Bloody Marsh dingwaga di robabobedi pele ga foo.[2]

Ka nako ya Phetogo, dikgaolo tsotlhe di ne tsa fedisa kgwebo ya boditshabatshaba ya makgoba, mme South Carolina e ne ya busetsa tshwetso ya yone morago. Magareng ga Ntwa ya Phetogo le 1804, melao, melaometheo, kgotsa ditshwetso tsa kgotlatshekelo mo go nngwe le nngwe ya dikgaolo tsa Bokone di ne di dira gore bokgoba bo fedisiwe ka iketlo kgotsa ka bonako.[3] Ga go na kgaolo epe ya Borwa e e neng ya amogela melao e e tshwanang. Ka 1807, Congress e ne ya dira gore go reka makgoba e nne tlolomolao, go simolola ka Firikgong a rogwa, 1808, e leng ka bonako fela fa Molawana wa I, karolo ya boferabongwe ya Molaomotheo e ne e letla. Setlhopha se sennye mme se ineetse, ka fa tlase ga baeteledipele ba ba jaaka William Lloyd Garrison le Frederick Douglass, se ne sa tlhotlheletsa gore go fedisiwe mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bolesome le boferabongwe la dingwaga. John Brown o ne a nna mmueledi le moeteledipele wa masole mo maitekong a go fedisa bokgoba ka go dirisa dibetsa. Mo Ntweng ya Selegae, kgololesego ya ka bonako e ne ya nna mokgele wa ntwa wa Kopano ka 1861 mme ya fitlhelelwa ka botlalo ka 1865.

Ditso

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Kwa Amerika wa bokolone

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Ntlo ya ga Thones Kunders kwa 5109 Germantown Avenue, kwa go neng ga kwalwa Kopo ya Ba-Quaker ya Germantown ya 1688 e e Kgatlhanong le Bokgoba.

Go fedisa puso ga Amerika go ne ga simolola bogologolo pele ga United States e tlhongwa jaaka setshaba. Ka 1652, Rhode Island e ne ya dira gore go nne kgatlhanong le molao gore motho ope, montsho kgotsa mosweu, a "bofiwe" dingwaga di feta lesome. Molao, le fa go ntse jalo, o ne wa tlhokomologiwa thata,[4] le Rhode Island e ne ya nna le seabe mo kgwebong ya makgoba ka 1700.[5]

Sekao sa ntlha se se tlhageletseng sa go gana ke batho ba ba dirilweng makgoba se diragetse ka nako ya Botsuolodi jwa ga Bacon ka 1676. Go diragala kwa Virginia, botsuolodi bo ne jwa bona batlhanka ba Yuropa ba ba neng ba dirilwe ditumalano le batho ba Aforika (ba batho ba bantsho ba ba neng ba dirilwe ditumalano, ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba, le ba ba gololesegileng) ba kopana mmogo kgatlhanong le William Berkeley ka go gana ga gagwe go ntsha merafe ya Amerika ya tlhago mo kgaolong eo. Ka nako eo, MaAmerika a tlhago mo kgaolong ba ne ba tshwara diphuruphutso kgatlhanong le baagi ba maemo a a kwa tlase ba ba neng ba tsenelela mo lefatsheng la bona morago ga Ntwa ya Boraro ya Powhatan (1644–1646), e e neng ya tlogela makgoba a le bantsi ba basweu le bantsho ba ba neng ba na le ditumalano le makgoba ba se na maikutlo a tshireletso go tswa mo pusong ya bone.[6] E eteletswe pele ke Nathaniel Bacon, kopano e e diragetseng magareng ga batho ba basweu ba maemo a a kwa tlase le bantsho ka nako ya botsuolodi jo e ne ya tsewa e le e e kotsi mme ka jalo ya fedisiwa ka go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga Melao ya Makgoba ya Virginia ya 1705.[7] Le fa go ntse jalo, tiragalo eno e ne ya tlhagisa kgopolo ya gore batho bantsho le basweu ba ka dira mmogo go fitlhelela mokgele wa go ikgolola, o o neng wa nna teng thata fa go fedisiwa ga puso go ne go nna le maatla mo Amerika.[8]

Samuel Sewall (1652–1730), moatlhodi yo o kwadileng The Selling of Joseph (1700) e e neng e kgala go anama ga bokgoba mo dikoloning tsa Amerika .

Polelo ya ntlha e e kwadilweng kgatlhanong le bokgoba kwa Amerika ya Bokolone e ne ya baakanngwa ka 1688 ke maloko a Mokgatlho wa Bodumedi wa Ditsala.[9] Ka Tlhakole a le lesome le boferabobedi ka 1688, Francis Daniel Pastorius, barwamotho Derick le Abraham op den Graeff le Gerrit Hendricksz ba kwa Germantown, kwa Pennsylvania, ba ne ba kwala Kopo ya Ba-Quaker ya Germantown ya 1688 e e neng e le Kgatlhanong le Bokgoba, e leng selekanyo sa ditsebe di le pedi e e neng e kgala bokgoba jwa bone kwa bathong ba bone ba ba neng ba laola bokgoba. Maikaelelo a boikuelo e ne e le go emisa bokgoba mo setshabeng sa Quaker, moo 70% ya Quaker e neng e na le makgoba magareng ga 1681 le 1705.[9] E ne e amogela ditshwanelo tsa batho botlhe tsa lefatshe lotlhe.[9] Le fa gone setlhopha sa Ba-Quaker se ne se sa tseye kgato ka nako eo, ngangisano e e sa tlwaelesegang ya go sa le gale, e e tlhamaletseng le e e maatla mo boikuelong e ne ya simolola moya o kgabagare o neng wa dira gore bokgoba bo fele mo Mokgatlhong wa Ditsala (1776) le kwa Botsalanong jwa Pennsylvania (1780). Kopano ya Kotara ya Ba-Quaker ya Chester, kwa Pennsylvania, e ne ya dira ipelaetso ya yone ya ntlha ka 1711. Mo dingwageng di le lesome fela kgwebo yotlhe ya makgoba e ne e tlhaselwa, e ganediwa ke baeteledipele ba Ba-Quaker jaaka William Burling, Benjamin Lay, Ralph Sandiford, William Southby, John Woolman,[10] le Anthony Benezet[11] o ne a na le tlhotlheletso e kgolo, a tlhotlheletsa kokomane ya moragonyana ya balweladitshwanelo ba ba tlhomologileng ba ba neng ba lwantsha bokgoba, go akaretsa le Granville Sharp, John Wesley, Thomas Clarkson,[12] Olaudah Equiano,[13] Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Rush, Absalome Jones, le Bishopo Richard Allen,[14] gareng ga ba bangwe.[15]

Metswedi

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  1. ↑ Rinck, Jonathan (2009). "Abolition's Indelible Image". Michigan History Magazine. 93 (6): 8–11.
  2. ↑ Jackson, Harvey H.; Spalding, Phinizy (2008). "James Edward Oglethorpe, Race, and Slavery: A Reassessment". Oglethorpe in Perspective: Georgia's Founder after Two Hundred Years. The University of Alabama Press. pp. 66–79. ISBN 978-0-8173-8230-8. Project MUSE chapter 18188.
  3. ↑ Specifically, the Northern states adopted anti-slavery policies or court decisions as follows: Vermont (1777, before it had become a U.S. state); Pennsylvania (1780); Massachusetts (1783); New Hampshire (1783); Connecticut (1784); Rhode Island (1784); New York (1799); Ohio (1802) (although the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 had already banned slavery in the lands that would later become Ohio); and New Jersey (1804).
  4. ↑ Joanne Pope Melish. "Rhode Island, Slavery, and the Slave Trade"
  5. ↑ Coughtry, Jay (1981). The Notorious Triangle: Rhode Island and the African Slave Trade, 1700–1807. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. ISBN 978-0-87722-218-7.
  6. ↑ Adams, Lars C. (2013). "'The Battle of Weyanoke Creek': A Story of the Third Anglo-Powhatan War in Early Carolina". Native South. 6 (1): 170–195. doi:10.1353/nso.2013.0006. ISSN 2152-4025. S2CID 162245167.
  7. ↑ Finkelman, Paul (2002). Slavery & the Law. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-2119-3.
  8. ↑ Rice, James D. (2014). "Bacon's Rebellion in Indian Country". The Journal of American History. 101 (3): 726–750. doi:10.1093/jahist/jau651. ISSN 0021-8723. JSTOR 44286295.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Lederer, Laura J. (2018). Modern Slavery: A Documentary and Reference Guide. ABC-CLIO. pp. 2–4. ISBN 978-1-4408-4499-7. Archived from the original on 7 July 2021. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boferabongwe ka 2025.
  10. ↑ Olmstead, Clifton E. (1964). History of Religion in the United States. Prentice-Hall. p. 183. Archived from the original on 7 July 2021. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boferabongwe ka 2025.
  11. ↑ "Anthony Benezet, Father of Atlantic Abolitionism". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 24 August 2021. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boferabongwe ka 2025.
  12. ↑ Sheridan, R.B. (1994). Sugar and Slavery: An Economic History of the British West Indies, 1623-1775. Canoe Press. p. 484. ISBN 978-976-8125-13-2. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boferabongwe ka 2025.
  13. ↑ Moore, Sean D. (2019). "'See Benezet's Account of Africa Throughout': The Genres of Equiano's Interesting Narrative and the Library Company of Philadelphia". Slavery and the Making of Early American Libraries. pp. 166–200. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198836377.003.0005. ISBN 978-0-19-883637-7. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boferabongwe ka 2025.
  14. ↑ "PBS". PBS. Archived from the original on 27 April 2021. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boferabongwe ka 2025.
  15. ↑ "The Complete Antislavery Writings of Anthony Benezet, 1754–1783". Archived from the original on 24 August 2021. E nopotswe seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boferabongwe ka 2025.
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