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Go ipolaya, go bolaya masea le go ikgaola ditokololo ga makgoba kwa United States

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James King (1801–1885) wa Indiana[1] o ne a bolela fa a ne a bona mogwebi wa makgoba a rekisa lesea le le tswang mo letsweleng la ga mmaalone kwa lefelong la go dira dikgong la sekepe sa mosi "letsatsi lengwe a tswa kwa Wheeling, Virginia", mme mosadi yo o ne a itatlhela mo Nokeng ya Ohio.[2]

Go ipolaya, go bolaya masea le go ikgaola ditokololo ga makgoba kwa Amerika go ne ga kwalwa, le mororo e sa ntse e le karolo e e sa ithutiwang sentle ya bokgoba kwa United States.

Go ipolaya

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Dipalopalo tsotlhe tsa go ipolaya ga makgoba a bantsho kwa Amerika go dumelwa gore di ne di le kwa tlase fa di bapisiwa, ka ntlha ya ditumelo tsa setso tse di tlwaelesegileng mo merafeng ya Aforika le ya Maaforika-Amerika.[3] Aforika e na le seelo se se kwa tlase sa go ipolaya mo kontinenteng epe fela, mme seelo sa go ipolaya sa Maamerika a a tswang mo Aforika ke karolwana ya sa Maamerika a a tswang mo Yuropa.[3] Fa motho yo o dirilweng lekgoba a ne a swa ka go ipolaya, gantsi e ne e le ka ntlha ya "go senyega ga maemo a gagwe kgotsa tsholofelo e e sa diragadiwang."[4] Babatlisisi ba fitlhetse gore jaaka molao, "fa makgoba a ne a tlhopha go ipolaya, mabaka a go dira jalo a ne a amana ka tlhamalalo le maemo a bone a botlhanka." [5]

Dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa go ipolaya mo bathong ba ba dirilweng makgoba ba ba tlisitsweng kwa Dikoloning di le Lesometharo le kwa United States go ne go lebega di diragetse ka nako ya le ka bonako morago ga Tsela e e fa gare.[6] Selo se se gaufi se se bakileng go ipolaya mo e ne e le "kgobalo ya go nna mo botshwarong" e e neng ya felela ka "go tlhobaela le go ikgaola ditokololo kgotsa go tshwenyega thata mo maikutlong le go tlhoka ."[7] Dipalopalo tsa go ipolaya mo bathong bano go lebega di ne di le kwa godimo go sekae mo banneng, ba ba neng ba le nosi kwantle ga ba bangwe go tswa mo setshabeng sa bone, le batho ba ba godileng.[8] "Palo e e sa lekalekaneng" ya dipolao tse di diragetseng morago ga go rekisiwa go lebega e ne e le batho ba ba neng ba le maloko a maemo a a kwa godimo mo merafeng ya bone kwa gae.[6] Sekao sa se se ka bonwa mo pegong ya 1898 ya batho ba ba neng ba rekisiwa kwa Amerika e se ka fa molaong ka sekepe sa Wanderer, se se neng se bolela gore palo ya bafalodi moragonyana ba ne ba ipolaya ka tumelo ya gore "fa ba ka tlolela mo lewatleng mme ba nwela ba ne ba tla rwalwa ba boela kwa Aforika ke meya e e molemo e e neng e bitsa Kgosi Miyengo, bana ba le babedi... gareng ga bone. Simon's beach, ka nako ya fa mohumagadi wa gagwe a ne a seyo, mme boraro jwa bone ba ne ba tlola go tswa mo lefikeng le le kwa godimo ba tsena mo moeleng o o bofefo mme ba nwela."[9]

Mo mokwalong mongwe, go ipolaya go go tlhalosiwang mo dipolelong tsa makgoba bontsi e ne e le banna, mme go nwela e le mokgwa o o tlwaelesegileng thata. Se se bakileng go ipolaya se se tlhalosiwang mo dipolelong tsa makgoba e ne e le "kotlhao" ya nako e e fetileng kgotsa ya isago ka tirisodikgoka, go palelwa ke go tshaba, kgotsa thekiso e e tlang,[10] go akaretsa le go "tshosediwa ka go kgaoganngwa le molekane le bana ka ntlha ya go rekisediwa mong o sele wa makgoba."[11]

Mofuta wa go ipolaya ga makgoba o barutegi ba fopholetsang gore o ka tswa o ne o le teng mme o o ka se ithutiweng bonolo ke "go ipolaya ga mong wa makgoba" (jaaka go ipolaya ga lepodise).[12]

Makgoba a Yuropa a lekgolo la bolesome le boferabongwe la dingwaga a ne a tshegeditse ditumelo di le mmalwa tsa setso tsa gore ke merafe efe e e neng e ka ipolaya kgotsa e dirisa mekgwa mengwe go ipolaya.[13] Ba-Ibo ba Nigeria ba ne ba tlhomamisiwa gore ba ka ipolaya thata fa ba ka tsewa ka dikgoka go nna makgoba.[7]

Mary Gaffney, yo o neng a botsolodiwa mo Kokoanyong ya Dipolelo tsa Makgoba ya WPA, o ne a tlhalosa lekgoba le le neng la bolaya mosadi wa lone yo o imileng. Mong wa lekgoba o ne a mo tsenya "mo kgolegelong bosigo mme motshegare o ne a tshwanelwa ke go rwala dikeetane mo maotong a gagwe. O ne a sa tlhole a kgona go ya kwa mebinong epe kgotsa go nna le letsatsi le lengwe la mahala koo mo tshimong...ba ne ba mpolelela gore kgabagare o ne a tshwara thapo nngwe mme a ikaletsa pele ga kgololesego."[14] Ipapatso ya go kopanngwa ga malwapa e e neng ya dirwa morago ga ntwa e ne e bata kitso ka ba lelwapa ba ba neng ba gasame ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba kwa Missouri, mokwadi, a batla kgaitsadie yo o latlhegileng, o ne a ithaopela gore "Mmaarona o ne a ipolaya go ikaletsa."[15]

Polao ya masea le polao ya bana

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Margaret Garner
Kgatiso ya kgetsi ya polao ya masea kwa Marion County, kwa Missouri mo tshimologong ya bo1830

Go ikgaola ditokololo

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
  1. ↑ "Madison, Ind., Nov. 7". The Evansville Journal. November 11, 1885. p. 3. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boraro ka 2025.
  2. ↑ "Good Old Slavery Days". The Cambridge City Tribune. May 13, 1880. p. 1. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boraro ka 2025.
  3. 1 2 Kneeland (2006), p. vii, 78–79.
  4. ↑ Kneeland (2006), p. vii.
  5. ↑ Kneeland (2006), p. 8.
  6. 1 2 Kneeland (2006), p. 62.
  7. 1 2 Lester (1997), p. 52.
  8. ↑ Piersen (1977), p. 151.
  9. ↑ "Last Survivor of the Owners of the Wanderer". The Atlanta Journal. January 29, 1898. p. 12.
  10. ↑ Kneeland (2006), pp. 57–58.
  11. ↑ Lester (1997), p. 53.
  12. ↑ Kneeland (2006), p. 34.
  13. ↑ Piersen (1977), p. 152.
  14. ↑ Rawick, George P. (1979). The American Slave: Texas narratives. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-21423-3.
  15. ↑ "Caroline Williams searching for her sister Francis Austin · Last Seen: Finding Family After Slavery". informationwanted.org. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boraro ka 2025.
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