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Go tsewa ka dikgoka ga basetsana ba sekolo ba kwa Chibok

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Ka bosigo jwa Moranang a le lesome le bone go tsena ka lesome le botlhano, basetsana ba bontsi jwa bone e leng ba tumelo ya SeKeresete le ba tumelo ya Islam, ba dingwaga tse di fa gare ga lesome le borataro go tsena ka lesome le boferabobedi, ba le makgolo a mabedi, masome a supa le borartaro ba ne ba tsewa ka dikgoka ke setlhopha sa balwelakgololesego sa Islam sa Boko Haram kwa sekolong sa puso sa basetsana se segolwane kwa toropong ya Chibok, kgaolo ya Borno kwa lefatsheng la Nigeria.[1][2][3] Pele ga tlhaselo e, sekolo se ne se tswetswe dibeke di le nne ka ntlha ya kwelo tlase ya seemo sa tshireletsego, mme basetsana ba ne ba ile go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bone tsa bofelo tsa maranyane.

Morago ga tiragalo e, basetsana ba le masome a matlhano le bosupa ba ne ba iphalotsa ka go photsha mo diterakeng tse di neng di ba kgweetsa, bangwe ba faloditswe ke sesole sa ka Nigeria ka makgetho a a farologaneng.[4][5] Amina Ali, mongwe wa basetsana ba ba neng ba tserwe ka dikgoka, o ne a bonwa ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ngwaga wa 2016. O supa fa basetsana ba ba setseng ba santse ba le teng, mme ba le barataro ba tlhokafetse.[6] Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le malatsi a le masome a mabdei le motso ngwaga wa 2021, dingwaga di supa morago ga go utsuwa ga ntlha ga basetsana ba, basetsana ba feta lekgolo ba ne ba santse ba sa bonwe.[7][8][9] Ka ngwaga wa 2024, Motsheganong a le lesome le bone, dingwaga di le lesome morago ga go utsuwa, basetsana ba le masome a ferabongwe le bobedi ba ne ba santse ba sa bonwe, go belaelwa ba le mo kgolegelong.[10]

Bangwe ba tlhalositse tiragalo ya go tshwarwa ga bone kwa bokopanong jwa ditshwanelo tsa setho.[11] Boko Haram e dirisitse basetsana ba e le didirisiwa mo go buisaneng ka go rekolola magolegwa, ba supa fa ba tla tlogela basetsana ba bangwe fa ba neelwa bangwe ba baeteledipele ba bone ba ba kwa kgolegelong.

Basetsana ba ba tserweng ka dikgoka kwa Chibok ka ngwaga wa 2014, ke palo e potlana fela ya palo yotlhe ya batho ba ba tserweng ke Boko Haram.[12] Lekgotla la Amnesty International le akanyeditse ka ngwaga wa 2015 fa basadi le basetsana ba ka tshwara diketse tse pedi ba tshwerwe ke setlhopha se fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 2014, bontsi jwa bone ba dirilwe makgoba a tlhakanelo dikobo.[12]

Tse di diragetseng pele

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Setlhopha sa Boko Haram sa ditsuolodi se batla go tlhoma diofisi tsa tumelo ya Islam kwa Nigeria, le kgatlhanong le thuto ya segompieno ya kwa makgoeng, e bareng e gogela batho kgakala le go sala morago dithuto tsa Islam e le tsela ya botshelo.[13] Ka ngwaga wa 2014, dikete di le masome tsa batho ba ne ba bolaiwa kwa ditlhaselong tse di rotloeditsweng ke setlhopha se, puso ya kwa Nigeria e ne ya itsese fa lefatshe le le mo nakong ya tshoganyetso ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa 2013 kwa dikgaolong tsa Borno, Yobe le Adamawa, fa e lwa kgatlhanong le tlhaselo e. [14]Ditlamorago e ne ya nna go tshwarwa kgotsa go bolawa ga akgolo a maloko a Boko Haram, fa ba ba setseng ba ne ba tshabela kwa dithabeng kwa ba neng ba simolola go tlhasela beng gae ba tswa teng.[15] Le fa go ntse jalo, letsholo le le ne la retelelwa ke go ritibatsa seemo sa lefatshe. Sesole sa kwa Fora se se kwa Mali se ne sa kgarameletsa Boko Haram mo lefatsheng la Nigeria.[16][17]

Kwa kgaolo ya Borno e leng teng kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa Nigeria

Boko Haram ba ne ba simolola go tlhasela dikolo ka ngwaga wa 2010, ba bolaya makgolo a bana ba sekolo ka ngwaga wa 2014. Mmueledi wa setlhopha seo are ditlhaselo tsa mofuta oo di tla tswelela fa e santse puso ya Nigeria e kgoreletsa dithuto tsa Islam. Bana ba le dikete di le lesome ba ne ba retelelwa ke go tsena sekolo ka ntlha ya ditiro tsa Boko Haram.[13] Boko Haram e itsege gape ka go tsaya basetsanyana ka dikgoka, ba e dumelang gore ga ba a tshwanela go rutega, mme ba ba dirise jaaka baapei kgotsa makgoba a tlhakanelo dikobo.[16]

Ka ngwaga wa 2013, Phukwi a le malatsi a le marataro, banna ba ba tswang mo Boko Harama ba tshotse ditlhobolo, ba ne ba tlhasela dikolo tsa puso kwa Mamudo, kwa kgaolong ya Yobe, ba bolaya batho ba tshwara masome a mane le bobedi. Bontsi jwa ba ba neng ba bolailwe ke bana ba sekolo, go na le babereki.[14] Ka ngwaga wa 2013, Lwetse a le masome mabedi le boferabongwe, banna ba Boko Haram ba tshotse ditlhobolo ba ne ba tsena kwa matlong a borobalo a basimane kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo temothuo kwa Gujiba, kwa kgaolong ya Yobe, ba bolaya baithuti ba le masome a mane le bone le barutabana.[18]

Ditlhaselo tsa Boko Haram di ne tsa gakala ka ngwaga wa 2014. Ka Tlhakole, setlhopha se ne sa bolaya banna ba BaKeresete ba le lekgolo kwa metseng ya Doron Baga le Izghe.[16] Kgwedi yone yeo, basimane ba le masome a matlhano le boferabongwe ba ne ba bolawa kwa sekolong sa puso se segolwane kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa lefatshe la Nigeria.[19] Ka Mopitlo, setlhopha se ne sa tlhasela manno a masole kwa Giwa, ba falotsa ba ba neng ba golegilwe.[16] Go tsaya ka dikgoka kwa Chibok go diragetse letsatsi le le lengwe le tlhaselo ya bomo kwa Abuja, e mo go yone batho ba ka nna masome a ferabobedi le boferabobedi ba tlhokafetseng.[20] Tsela e e yang kwa Chibok, gantsi e a tlhaselwa ka ntlha ya gore ga gona tshireletso ya batsamai ba yone ba metse eo ke puso.[21] Boko Haram e beilwe molato wa dintsho di le dikete di le nne ka ngwaga wa 2014.[16] Thuto e e amogetsweng go tswa mo lekgotleng la al-Qaeda Islamic Maghreb le al Qaeda kwa Arabian Peninsula e thusitse Boko Jaram go gakatsa ditlhaselo tsa yone.[22]

Jonathan N.C Hill wa kwa sekolong se segolwane sa King's College of London o akantshitse gore Boko Haram e tsere basetsana ka dikgoka morago ga go thotloetso ywa al-Qaeda kwa Islamic Maghreb, o supa fa maikaelelo a setlhopha e le go dirisa basetsana le makgarejwana a e le didirisiwa tsa tlhakanelo dikobo le go tshosetsa beng gae gore ba dumalane le bone. Hill o tlhalosa fa ditlhaselo tse di tshwana le go tsewa ka dikgoka ga basetsaan kwa Algeria ka dingwaga tsa 1990 le 2000 di simologa.[23][24]

Go tsaya batho ka dikgoka

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Mmepe o o supang ditiragalo tsa tlhaselo, o dirilwe ke ba sesole sa lefatshe la United States.
Tshenyo e e diragetseng kwa sekolong morago ga tlhaselo

E ne ya re ka bosigo jwa Motsheganong a le lesome le bone, ngwaga wa 2014, maloko a setlhopha sa ditsuolodi sa Islam ebong Boko Haram,[25][26] sa tlhasela sekolo sa puso sa basetsana kwa Chibok, Nigeria, motse o bontsi jwa batho ba one e leng ba tumelo ya SeKeresete. Dioura di se kae pele ga tlhaselo e, banni ba Chibok ba amogela mogala g tswa kwa metseng e e mabapi, ba ba tsibosa ka tlhaselo e e tlang, ba ba neng ba iponetse ka matlho motseletsele wa dikoloi di pegile batho ba ba tshotseng ditlhobolo ba ya ntlheng ya toropo.[27] Ditsuolodi di ne tsa tsena kwa sekolong, ba ikaya fa ele masole a lefatshe la Nigeria ebile ba apere kapari ya sesole e e tshwanang.[28][29][30] Ba ne ba kopane le masole a lesome le botlhano a kwa Chibok ba ba neng ba retelelwa ke go emisa tlhaselo ka batlhasedi ba ne ba na le dipalo le dibetsa tse di fetang tsa bone, mme go ne ga seka ga romelwa thuso epe ke sesole sa Nigeria ka nako ya tlhaselo eo.[31][32] Lesole le lepodisi ba ne ba bolawa ka nako ya tlhaselo eo.[33] Tlhaselo e tsere dioura di le tlhano, e ka yone matlo a kwa hibok a neng a tshubiwa.[34]

Go ya ka dipego tse di filweng ke bangwe ba basetsana, di akaretsa bukana e e neng e kwadilwe ke basetsaan ba le babedi (Naomi Adamu le Sarah Samuel) fa ba le mo kgolegelong, batlhasedi ba ne ba ikaeletse go utswa bontlha bongwe jwa motšhine, ebile ba sa itse se ba ka dirang ka basetsana ba.[35] Ba boleleltse basetsana gore ba tswe ba tsamaye le bone. Basetsana bangwe ba ne ba pegiwa mo dikoloing fa bangwe ba ne ba tshwanelwa ke go tsamaya ka dinao go fitlhelela diteraka tse dingwe di tla go ba tsaya, gongwe go ba isa mo lefelong la Konduga kgotsa sekgwa sa Sambisa kwa Boko Haram e nang le dikampa teng. Motswedi o o tlhokileng leina wa sesole o dumela fa basetsana ba kgaogantswe mo dikampeng tse difarologaneng tsa Boko haram, gaufi le letšha la Chad, dithaba tsa Gorsi le sekgwa sa Sambisa. Basetsana ba le masome matlhano le bosupa ba ne ba kgona go falola ka go photsha mo diterakeng tse ba neg ba pegilwe mo go tsone.[36]

Moragonyana ga tlhaselo, ditlhopha tsa tshireletso le batsadi ba ne ba tsena mo sekgweng sa Sambisa ba leka go batla le go falodisa basetsana ba, mme ba ne ba seka ba atlega.[37]

Sekolo se se ne se tswetswe dibeke di le nne pele ga tlhaselo ka ntlha ya kwelo tlase ya tshireletso, mme baithuti go tswa mo dikolong tse difarologanneg le metse ba ne ba tseneletse sekolo letsatsi leo go ya go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bofelo tsa Physics. Go ne go na le baithuti ba le makgolo a matlhano le masome a mararo ba ba neng ba kwadisitswe go tsaya karolo mo tlhatlhobong ya bofello kwa sekolong sa puso, le fa go sa itsagale gore ke ba le kae ba ba neng ba le teng ka nako ya tlhaselo. Bana ba ne ba le dingwaga di le lesome le borataro go tsena ka lesome le boferabobedi, ba dira ngwaga wa bone wa bofelo wa sekolo.[38] Go ne go na le ketsaetsego ya gore ke basetsana ba le kae ba ba tserweng, ba sesole ba supa fa bontsi jwa basetsana ba tshabile kgotsa ba tlogetswe, fa ba ferabobedi fela ele bone ba tserweng, dikgang tse e neng e se boammaruri. Batsadi ba ne bare basetsana ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mararo le bone ga ba bonwe,[39] mme sepodise sone se supa fa ba le makgolo a mabedi, masome a supa le borataro ba tserwe ka nako ya tlhaselo, fa ba le masome a matlhano le boraro ba iphalodisitse ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a mabedi.[40] Go ne go dumalanwe pele gore ba le makgolo a mabedi, masome a supa le borataro ba tserwe.[41] Dipego tse dingwe di fa dipalo tse difarologaneng tsa basetsana ba ba tserweng.[42][43][44]

Lekgotla la Amnesty International le kgadile puso ya Nigeria, le dumela fa sesole sa Nigeria se ne se boleletswe ka tlhaselo dioura di le nne pele ga e diragala, mme ba palelwa ke go romela bathusi go sireletsa sekolo.[45] Moeteledipele wa sesole sa Nigeria morago o ne a dumalana gore ba ne ba itse ka tiragalo e dioura di le nne pele ga e diragala mme a supa fa ba ne ba sa kgone go romela bathusi.[46]

Ditlamorago

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Ditiragalo tsa ngwaga wa 2014

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Lekgotla la CEE-HOPE la Nigeria le ne la rulaganya tirelo ya segopotso sa go tsewa ka dikgoka, morago ga ngwaga.

Palo e ntsi ya basetsana ba ba neng ba tserwe ka dikgoka, e ne ya patelediwa go fetogela kwa tumelong ya Islam.[47][48][49] Basetsana ba ne ba patelediwa go tsena mo lonyalong le maloko a Boko Haram, ka bogadi jwa N2000. Banjo ba kwa sekgweng sa Sambisa, ba ne ba bega fa ba bone baithuti ba. Baby bangwe ba ne ba bega fa ba ba bone ba kgabaganyetsa mo mafatshing a a mabapi a Chad le Cameroon ba na le ditsuolodi,[50][51] le fa Kashim Shettima, molaodi wa kgaolo ya Borno a ne a supa fa a bone basetsana ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le lesome le motso, mme a supa fa ba sa tlola molelwane. Sesole sa Nigeria se ne sa kopa thuso mo baithaoping le baeladilotlhoko, go sekaseka dikgwa tse di gaufi le melelwane,ka Moranang a le malatsi a le masome mabedi le motso.[52] Banni ba mo gae ba ne ba kgona go latedisa metsamao ya baithuti,ka thuso ya ba ba itseng kwa bokone botlhaba jwa lefatshe la Nigeria.[53] Mokwalo o o neng o dirilwe ke bangwe basetsana ba ba neng ba tserwe ka dikgoka o supa ka fa bangwe ba kgonneng go falola ka teng mme baagi ba mo metseng ba ba busetsa kwa bathong ba Boko Haram ba ba neng ba ba betsa go ba otlhaya.[54]

Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le malatsi a le mabedi, sepodise sa lefatshe ka Nigeria se ne se supa fa palo ya baithuti ba na tserweng ka dikgoka e sa papamala, mme ba kopa bana go romela maina le dinepe tsa basetsana ba ba tserweng ka dikgoka,gore go dirwe palo ya semmuso. Mapodise ba ne ba supa fa ketsaetsego e bakilwe ke tshenyo ya dipampiri tsa sekolo ka nako ya tlhaselo.[55]Tautona wa lefatshe la Nigeria,Goodluck Jonathan, o ne a buwa phatlalatsa ka go tsewa ga basetsana, e le lantlha ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a mane, a re puso e dira gotlhe mo e ka go kgonang go batla basetsana ba ba sa bonweng.[56] O ne a kgala batsadi go bo ba sa neele puso tse ba tlhokang go di itse ka bana ba bone ba ba sa bonweng, a supa fa ba sa dirisane le ba sepodise.[57]

Pampiri ya dikgang ya The Guardian, e ne ya bega fa sesole sa mo phefong sa bogosi jwa Britain, se dirile letsholo le le bidiwang "Turus" e le go tsibogela go tsewa ga basetsana ba. Motswedi o o amanang le sesole seo, o ne wa bolelela pampiri ya dikgang ya The Observer gore basetsana ba sale ba bonwe ka dibeke tsa ntlha tsa thomo ya sesole seo, le gore bone e le sesole sa Britain sa bogosi, ba ne ba batlile go ba falotsa, mme puso ya Nigeria ya gana, ka ba ne ba bona kgang e, ele kgang ya lefatshe leo e e tshwanetseng go rarabololwa ke boramatlhale ba Nigeria le maphata a tshireletso.[58] Moemedi wa lefatshe la Britain kwa Nigeria, Andrew Pocock, o ne a re dikgwedi di le mmalwa morago ga go tsewa ga basetsana, setlhopha sa basetsana ba sekolo sa Chibok ba le masome a ferabobedi se ne sa bonwa ke maranyane a "leitlho mo loaping" a lefatshe la America, mme go ne ga seka ga dirwa sepe. Basetsana ba ka nna masome a ferabobedi, kampa,le bosupi jwa go tsamaya ga koloi di ne tsa bonwa go bapa le lefelo la lotshwao le le bidiwang "tree of life" gaufi le sekgwa sa Sambisa.[59]

Moeteledipele wa Boko Haram, Abubakar Shekau, o ne a tsaya maikarabelo a go tsaya basetsana ka dikgoka mo setshwantshong sa motshikhinyego se se ntshitsweng moragonyana ga nako ya bongwe motshegare wa Motsheganong a le malatsi a matlhano.[60] Shekau o ne a supa fa Allah a mo kaetse go ba rekisa mme ebile o tla diragatsa ditaelo tsa gagwe,[61] le gore bokgoba bo a letlelesega mo tumelong ya gagwe, o tla tshwara batho a ba dire makgoba. O ne a re basetsana bao ba ne ba sa tshwanela go ka bo ba ne ba le kwa sekolong, ba ka bo ba nyetswe ka basetsana ba ba dingwaga di ferabongwe ba lekane go nyalwa.[62][63] Setshwantsho se sengwe sa motshikhinyego se ne sa ntshiwa morago ga beke, se supa basetsana ba le lekgolo masome a mararo ba apere mesese le ditukwi tsa tumelo ya Islam.[64][65] E ne e le lantlha basetsana ba bonwa fa e sale ba tsewa kwa Chibok.[66] Mo setshwantshong seo, Shekau o ne a dumalana gore bontsi jwa basetsana bao ga se ba tumelo ya Muslim, mme bangwe ba fetogetse kwa tumelong eo, mme ba tla ba tshwara sentle jaaka moporofite Mohammad a ne a tshwara batho ba ba sa dumeleng mo Modimong wa gagwe, ba a neng a ba tshwara.[67] Shekau o ne a supa gore ga a ka ke a tlogela basetsana go fitlhelela maloko a Boko Haram a a kwa kgolegelong a gololwa, ba ntsha kgang ya go neelana batshwarwa le puso ya Nigeria.[67]

Morago ga go tsewa ga basetsana kwa Chibok, ditlhaselo di le dintsi tse di amangwang le Boko Haram di ne tsa diragala kwa lefatsheng la Nigeria. ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le malatsi a le matlhano, baagi ba toropo e e gautshwane ya Gamboru Ngala ba le makgolo a mararo ba ne ba bolawa mo tlhaselong ya masole a Boko Haram morago ga gore makgotla a itshireletso a tswe kwa toropong e o go ya go senka basetsana.[68] Letsatsi le le latelanng Boko Haram e ne ya tsaya basetsana ba ferabobedi ba ba dingwaga tse di lesome le bobedi go tsena ka lesome le botlhano kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa Nigeria.[69] Ka bosigo jwa Motsheganong a le lesome le bone, Boko Haram e ne ya tlhasela motseletsele wa dikoloi o o neng o senka basetsana ba ba neng ba tshwerwe go bapa le Chibok, ba bolaya masole a le lesome le bobedi, ba gobatsa ba bangwe ba le mmalwa. tiragalo e e ne ya baka go gana go rongwa ga makgotla a tshireletso a kwa Maiduguri, ba fokotsa kgonagalo ya go falotsa basetsana ga sesole sa Nigeria.[70] Malatsi a le masome mabedi go tsena a le masome a mararo a kgwedi ya Seetebosigo, basadi le bana ba le masome a ferabongwe le bongwe ba ne ba tshwarwa kwa dikgaolong tse dingwe tsa Borno, ba tshwarwa ke batho ba Boko Haram,[71] ka palo e go akanyediwang e le makgolo a marataro a basetsana ba ba kwa dikampeng tse tharo tsa Boko Haram kwa ntle ga Nigeria.[72] Boko Haram e ne ya tlhasela gape kwa Chibok le metse e e mabapi ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e le masome a mabedi le bobedi, ba bolaya batho ba le masome a matlhano le bongwe, le ba le lesome le motso ba ba tserweng ba akaretsa batsadi ba basetsana ba ba tserweng ka dikgoka.[73]

Tumalano ya go falotsa basetsana ka go golola magolegwa a le lekgolo a Boko Haram a a kwa dikgolegelong tsa Nigeria e ne ya boelwa orago ka Motsheganong a le masome a amabedi le bone morago ga gore tautona goodluck Jonathan a bue le baemedi ba mafatshe a United States, Israel, France le Britain kwa Paris, kwa tumalano e neng ya nna gore ga go a tshwanelwa go dumalanwa sepe le ditsuolodi, le gore tharabololo e e akaretsang dikgoka e a tlhokafala.[74][75]Ka kgwedi ya motsheganong e le masome a mabedi le borataro, ramasole wa Nigeria o ne a itsise fa sesole sa Nigeria se bone basetsana, mme ba supa fa ba ka se ba falotse ka dikgoka ka ba tshaba gore go ka ama ba ba seng molato.[76] Basetsana ba le babedi ba ba neng ba tserwe ka dikgoka, ba ne ba fitlhelwa ba dirisitswe botlhaswa mo go tsa tlhakanelo dikobo, ba le gaufi le loso ebile ba bofeletswe mo setlhareng ka motsheganong a le malatsi a a masome a mararo, ke sesole sa mo gae kwa kgaolong ya baale kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa Nigeria.[77][78] Banni ba mo gae bare Boko Haram e ne e tlogetse basetsana ba babedi mme e bolaile ba le bane ba ba neng ba sa utlwe, ya ba katela.[78] Basetsana ba bangwe ba le bane ba ne ba iphalotsa moragonyana, ba tsamaya dibeke di le tharo mme ba goroga kwa kgwedi ya Phalane e le lesome le bobedi. Bare ba ne ba le kwa kampeng kwa lefatsheng la Cameroon, ba dirisiwa botlhaswa letsatsi le letsatsi.[79]

Go ne ga begiwa ka Seetebosigo a le masome a mabedi le borataro gore puso ya Nigeria e beile monwana tumalano e e jang sedikadike se le sengwe le bobedi sa madi a di dolara, le kompone ya botsalano le morafe ya Levick, kwa Washington D.C, go bereka mo go tsa bobega dikgang jwa mafatshe le jwa mo gae bo bo amang go tsewa ga basetsana.[80][81] Tumaalno e, e ne ya supiwa e le tshenyo ya madi ke ba ba kgalang tautona Jonathan.[82] Jonathan o ne a kgalelwa go tlhoka go buisana mabapi le go tsewa ga basetsana. Jonathan o ne a bolelela pampiri ya The Washington Post gore tidimalo ya gagwe ke keletso ya gore a seka a baya maiteko a tsa tshireletso a go falotsa basetsana, mo diphatseng.[83][84]

Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e rogwa, rakgwebo o a neng a akanyediwa go bo a tsere basetsana le go thuntsha marekisetso kwa bokonee-botlhaba jwa Nigeria, o ne a tshwarwa. Metswedi ya sesole ya re o ne a a lebisitswe le molato wa go thusa setlhopha sa Islam go bolaya moeteledipele Idrissa Timta wa kwa Gwoza.[85] morago ga dibeke tse pedi, Zakaria Mohammed, o e leng leloko la maemo la Boko Haram, a tshwarwa kwa Darazo Basrika fa a tshaba sesole kwa sekgweng sa Balmo.[86][87]

Ditiragalo tsa ngwaga wa 2015

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Stephen Davis, o e leng moruti wa Anglican, o ne a tshwaragana le babusi ba Boko Haram ba le bararo ba ba neng ba re ba ipaakanyeditse go tlogela basetsana ba kwa Chibok mme ba ya Nigeria ka Moranang ngwaga wa 2015. O ne a neelwa setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego (sa basetsana ba dirisiwa botlhaswa) e le go supa fa basetsana ba santse ba tshela, a bolelelwa fa ba le lesome le boferabobedi ba lwala mo go tseneletseng, bangwe ba na le mogare wa HIV. Morago ga makgetho a le mararo, tumalano e ne ya pala fa setlhopha se sengwe se tsaya basetsana ba dumela gore ba ka dira madi ka bone, mme Davis a tswa kwa Nigeria.[88] Davis o ne a tlhalosa gore go ne go se thata go bona kwa dikamapa tsa Boko Haram tse tlhano kgotsa thataro di le teng, le gore o ka kgona go di bona mo maranyaneng a Google Earth. [88]

Paakanyo ya sekolo e ne ya simolola ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo, ka tona wa madi wa kwa Nigeria Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala a etela Chibok go fa mafoko a le mmalwa le go thusa go pega ditena kwa sekolong seo.[89]

Ka kgwedi ya motsheganong, sesole sa kwa Nigeria se ne se tsere dikgaolo ka bontsi tse di neng di eteletswe pele ke Boko Haram,[90] di akaretsa dikamapa tse di kwa sekgweng sa Sambisa kwa go belaesegang basetsana ba Chibok ba beilwe teng.[91] Le ntswa basadi ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba tshwerwe ba kgonne go falodisiwa, ga gona ope wa basetsana ba Chibok o o bonweng.[92] Tautona Mohammadu Bukhari, o o tsereng puso ka ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa 2015, o ne a supa ka Morule gore o ikaelela go buisana le Boko Haram go tlogela basetsana ba sekolo sa Chibok go sena mabaka a a tlang pele.[93]

Ditiragalo tsa ngwaga wa 2016

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Sesole sa kwa Nigeria se golotse basadi le basetsana ba le sekete ba ba neng ba tshwerwe kwa motseng wa Boboshe ke Boko Haram ka Firikgong,[94] mme go ne go sena basetsana ba kwa Chibok mo go bone.[95]

Boko Haram e ne ya ntsha setshwantsho sa motshikinyego se sengwe ka kgwedi y Moranang se supa basetsana ba le lesome le botlhano ba ba neng ba bonala e le ba Chibok, ka nako eo basetsana ba le makgolo mabedi, lesome le boferabongwe ba ne ba santse ba sa bonwe.[96] Setshwantsho seo se supagala se ne se tserwe ka kgwedi ya Morule ngwaga wa 2015, mme basetsaan ba ne ba sa supe ba tshwenyegile, le fa go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore ditsuolodi di bo di ne di tlhophile basetsana mo setshwantshong seo gore batho ba akanye gore basetsana botlhe ba Chibok ba mo botsogong jo bo siameng.

Mosetsana wa kwa Chibok ebong Amina Ali Nkeki o ne a bonwa ka kgwedi ya motsheganong e le lesome le bosupa ke setlhopha sa beng gae sa babatlisis kwa sekgweng sa Sambisa, a na le losea lwa gagwe le Mohammad Hayyatu, lesole le go belaesegang e le la Boko Haram, mme a ne a supa e le monna wa gagwe.[97] Boraro boo bo ne bo na le tlhaelo ya dikotla e e tseneletseng fa ba bonwa.[98][99] O ne a isiwa kwa ntlong ya moeteledipele wa setlhopha ebong Aboku Gaji o a neng a mo lemoga. Setlhopha se ne sa letlanya mosetsana le batsadi ba gagwe.[100] O ne a kopana le tautona wa Nigeria Muhammadu Buhari ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le lesome le boferabongwe.[101] Matona a puso a ne a itsese ka lone letsatsi leo fa sesole sa Nigeria le ditlhopha tsa patlisiso di bolaile maloko a Boko Haram a le masome a mararo le botlhano, ba golotse basadi le bana ba le masome a ferabongwe le bosupa, mme ba supa fa mongwe wa basadi bao e e ne e le moithuti wa kwa Chibok.[102] Le fa go ntse jalo, go ne go na le dipelaelo tsa gore mosetsana Serah Luka, e ne e le ene monwge wa ba ba neng ba tserwe kwa Chibok ka dikgoka.[103] Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ele masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2016, Amir Muhammad Abdullahi, o neng a supa e le wa bobedi ka maemo ebile e le mmueledi wa masole a magolwane ka bontsi, o ne a itlhophela go ineela fela fa ba ka se utlusiwe botlhoko, mme ba tla busa ba ba ba tshwereng, ba akaretsa basetsana ba kwa chibok. Le fa go ntse jalo, fa ba bua ka basetsana ba kwa Chibok, o ne a re, bongwe mo borarong ke bone fela bo setseng, ka bontsi bo swetse tumelo.[104]

Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe, sesole sa Nigeria se ne sa itsese gore ba simolotse tlhaselo ya mo phefong kwa diofisi kgolo tsa Boko Haram kwa sekgweng sa Sambisa, ba supa fa ba bolaile baeteledipele ba le bantsi mme ba gobaditse moeteledipele wa setlhopha seo Abubakar Shekau.[105] Dipego tsa morago di ne tsa supa fa tlhaselo e bolaile basetsana ba Chibok ba le lesome mme ba gobaditse ba le masome a mararo.[106] bangwe ba tshotse bana, le mmueledi o a neng a rwele sethiba matlho a re go gololwe balwantwa gore basetsana ba bone kgololesego.[107] Monna o o ne a re bangwe ba basetsana ba Chibokk ba bolailwe ke marumo a sesole sa Nigeria fa ba le masome mane ba nyetswe. Setshwantsho se ne sa ntshiwa ka taolo ya ga Abubakar Shekau, moeteledipele wa lengwe la ditlhophana tsa Boko Haram.[108]

Basetsana ba kwa Chibok ba le masome mabedi le motso ba ne ba gololwa ka kgwedi ya Phalane ke Boko Haram morago ga dipuisano gareng ga ditlhopha le puso ya Nigeria, di tseneletswe ke lekgiotla la International Commitee of the red Cross le puso ya kwa Switzerland.[109][110][111] Losea lo lo neng lo belegwe ke mongwe wa basetsana ebile go dumelwa le le dikgwedi di le masome mabedi ke ba bongaka le ne la gololwa.[112] ka Phalane a le lesome le borataro, mmueledi wa ga tautona Buhari o ne a supa fa Boko Haram ene e eletsa go buisana ka go gololwa ga basetsana ba bangwe ba le masome a ferabobedi le boraro. Go ya ka ene, setlhopha se ne se supile fa basetsana ba bangwe ba ne ba le mo taolong ya setlhopha sa ga Shekau.[113] Malatsi a le mabedi morago, modulasetilo wa lekgotla la tlhabololo ya kwa Chibok, pogu Bitrus o ne a supa fa basetsaan ba feta lekgolo ba ne ba sa batle go boela gae ka ba ne ba timedtswe ditlhaloganyo kgotsa ba tshaba gore batho ba tla a ba leba jang. Mosetsana o mongwe a bidiwa Maryam Ali Maiyanga o ne a bonwa le losea lwa gagwe mme a falodisiwa ke sesole sa Nigeria ka kgwedi ya ngwanatsele e le malatsi a le matlhano. Mmueledi wa sesole Sani Usman are o bonwe kwa Pulka kwa kgaolong ya borno fa ba batla ba ba tshabileng go tswa kwa sekgweng sa Boko Haram sa Sambisa. O ne a tlhomamisiwa go bo e le mongwe wa basetsans ba Chibok ba baneng ba tserwe ka dikgoka, ke lekgotla la Bring Back Our Girls.

Ditiragalo tsa ngwaga wa 2017

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Tautona wa United States Donald J Trump, Ivanka Trump le basetsaab ba sekolo sa Chibok, Joy Bishara le Lydia Pogu kwa White House ka Seetebosigo a le malatsia le masome mabedi le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2017.

Mongwe wa basetsana ba ba neng ba tserwe ka dikgoka, Rakiya Abubakar, o ne a begwa ka Firikgong a le malatsi a matlhano fa a bonwe ke sesole sa Nigeria a tshwere ngwana o o dikwgedi dithataro fa ba batlisisa babelaelwa ba ba tshwerweng kwa ditlhaselong tsa sesole kwa sekgweng sa Sambusa.[114] O ne a tlhomamisiwa ka setlhopha sa Bring Back our Girls.[115]

Basetsana ba sekolo ba le masome a ferabobedi le bobedi ba ne ba gololwa ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a marataro morago ga dipuisano tse di atlegileng le puso ya Nigeria, tse di neng di akaretsa go gololwa ga baeteledipele ba boko Haram ba le batlhano.[116] Dipuisano di ne di tshwerwe ke mong wa lekgotla la bopelotlhomogi kwa Maiduguri. Tumalano e e ne e akaretsa go tlhagelela ga tshireletso ya batho ya puso ya Switzerland le lekgotla la Red Cross. Madi a a kana ka didikadike tse tharo a ne a duelwa a le mo dibekeng tse pedi e le go rekolola basetsana ba le lekgolo le boraro ba ba neng ba gololwa ka kgwedi ya phalane ngwaga wa 2016 le Motsheganong ngwaga wa 2017. Mmueledi wa puso ya Nigeria o ne a supa gore le fa basetsana ba le masome a ferabobedi le boraro ba ba neng ba tshwanetse go gololwa ka Motsheganong 2017, mongwe wa bone a ne a itlhophela go nna le monna wa gagwe mo boemong jwa go gololwa.

Tautona wa United States Donald trump o ne a kopana lebasetsana ba sekolo sa Chibok Joy Bishara le Lydia Pogu kwa ntlong ya tautona ya America kwa Seetebosigo a le malatsia le masome mabedi le bosupa, ba ba neng ba ya go simolola dithuto kwa sekolong se se rutelang ditiro sa Southeastern University kwa Florida. Bishara le Pogu ba ne ba isa lokwalo kwa go Trump, ba mo kopa go dira gore lefatshe la America le sireletsege ebile le thata.

Ditiragalo tsa ngwaga wa 2018

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Sesole sa Nigeria, se ne sa supa ka Firikgong a le malatsia mane gore se golotse Salomi Pogu, o mongwe wa basetsana ba ba neng ba tserwe ka dikgoka. Col. Onyema Nwachukwu o ne a supa gore o golotswe kwa Borno go bapa le Pulka. O ne a fitlhelwa a na le lekgarejwana le lengwe le ngwaga. ka Tlhakole ngwaga wa 2018, bontsi jwa basetsana ba ba golotsweng ba ne ba ithuta kwa American Univesrity of Nigeria gaufi le kwa ba neng ba tshwaretswe teng kwa Chibok. Go ne go akanyediwa gore basetsana ba le lesome le boraro ba ne ba tlhokafetse ba le lekgolo le lesome le bobedi ba sa bonwe. Ka Lwetse ngwaga wa 2018, Ali Garga o ne a re o ka golola basetsana ba ba setseng ba le masome a mane, mme ba ne ba mmogisa a bo a bolawa ke maloko a mangwe a Boko haram fa ba lemoga se aneng a se dira. ka Phukwi, sepodisi sa Nigeria se ne sa tshwara sa bo sa atlhola balwantwa ba boko Haram ba ba neng go belaesega ba na le seabe mo go tshwarweng ga basetsana, fa a le mongwe a tshwerwe a bo a lebisiwa dingwaga di le masome mabedi mo kgolegelong.[117]

Ditiragalo tsa ngwaga wa 2021

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Palo e e sa itsagaleng ya basetsana e iphaloditse ka Firikgong ngwaga wa 2021[118]. Ka 2021, kompone ya parkinson and Hinshaw e ne ya gatisa buka (Bring Back our Girls: The Astonishing Survival and Rescue of Nigeria's Missing School Girls) e e neng e dirisa dipuisano le basetsana, ba ba neng ba le mo Boko Haram pele, ditlhola le matona a puso. Bontsi jwa buka bo ne bo ikaegile ka lokwalo lwa ga Naomi Adamu wa dingwaga tse di masome mabedi le bone, o e leng mongwe wa basetsanA ba ba neng ba tserwe ka dikgoka mme a gololwa ka ngwaga wa 2017.[119] Adamu o ne a kaya maiphitlhelo a gagwe, a akaretsa gore ba ne ba tsenelela dithuto tsa Quran letsatsi le letsatsi ba patelediwa, ba betswa ka marago a tlhopbolo, megala le terata. Basetsana ba ba neng ba gana go nyalwa ba ne ba sa dirisiwe botlhaswa mo go tsa tlhakanelo dikobo, mme ba ne ba tshwarwa jaaka makgoba ba bo ba patelediwa go dito ditiro tse di bokete. O ne a eteletse pele setlhopha sa basetsana ba ba neng ba gana go fetogela kwa tumelong ya Islam, ba baneng ba tshosediwa gore ba tlaa bolawa ba bo ba nne ka tlala.[120]

Ditiragalo tsa ngwaga wa 2022

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Ka Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 2022, masole a Nigeria a ne a bona mosetsaan wa kwa Chibok, Mary Ngoshe le losea lwa gagwe gaufi le motse wa Ngoshe kwa kgaolo ya Borno.[121] Ba le bararo ba bangwe ba ne ba gololwa ka ngwaga wa 2022 Phukwi.[122] Mosadi a bidiwa Aisha Grema, o ne a gololwa le ngwana wa gagwe ka Phatwe ngwaga wa 2022.[123] Ba le bararo ba ne ba gololwa ka Lwetse ngwaga wa 2022 go tswa kwa mafelong a a farologaneng,[124] fa Yana Pogu a ne a falodisiwa le bana ba le bane mo kgweding eo go tswa kwa B ama mme Rejoice Sanki ene a falodisistwe kwa Karuwi ka Phalane ngwaga wa 2022.[125]

Ditiragalo tsa ngwaga wa 2023

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Basetsana ba sekolo sa Chibok ba le babedi ba ne ba falodisiwa ka Moranang ngwaga wa 2023 ga mmogo le losea, bobedi bo ne bo nyetswe gararo fa e sale ba tsewa ka dikgoka.[126] O mongwe o o bidiwang Saratu Dauda o ne a falodisiwa kgwedi e e latelang.[127] Mosadi a bidiwa Rebecca Kabu o ne a falodisiwa kwa Cameroon ka Phukwi 2023,[128] fa mosetsana a bidiwa Mary Nkeki a falodisitswe kwa Dikwa kwa kgaolong ya Borno ka Phatwe ngwaga wa 2023.[129]

Ditiragalo tsa ngwaga wa 2024

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Ka Moranang a le malatsi a mane, maloko a setšhaba sa Chibok a ne a phuthega go lebelela setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego sa Statues Also Breathe le go gakologelwa basadi ba ba santseng ba sa bonwe.[130]

Ka fa batho ba tsibogileng ka teng

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Morago ga go tsewa ka dikgoka ga basetsana, molaodi Kashim Shettima o ne a batla go etela Chibok, le ntswa a ne a gakololwa ka bodiphatsa jwa teng. Mokwaledimogolo wa lekgotla la United Nations Ban Ki-moon le lekgotla la UNICEF o ne a kgala go tsewa ka dikgoka,[131] jaaka moeteledi pele wa sesole wa pele Muhammadu Buhari.[132] Khansele ya tshireletso ya united Nations le yone e ne ya kgala tlhaselo e ya bo ya tlhagisa ka dikgato tse di kgatlhanong le masole a Boko Haram go bo ba tsere basetsana ka dkgoka.[133]

Tautona wa lekgotla la Muslim la baithuti la kwa Nigeria o ne a bitsa batho ba tumelo ya muslim go itima dijo le go rapela gore ba batle go tsereganya ga ga Allah ka nako e e masisi eo.[134] Sa'ad Abubakar wa boraro, moeteledipele wa kwa Sokoto le ene o ne a kopa dithapelo a bo a gagamatsa maiteko a go falotsa baithuti.[135] Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e ferabongwe, molaodi Kashim Shetima wa kgaolo ya Borno o ne a kopa BaKeresete le batho ba tumelo ya Muslim go kopanela thapelo le go itima dijo malatsi a le mararo.[136] Ka lone letsatsi leo batho ba tumelo ya Muslim ba kwa Cameroon ba ne ba laelwa gore ba se ka ba nyala ope wa basetsana bao fa ba ka ba neelwa gore ba ba nyale.[137] Ka lone letsatsi leo moeteledipele wa kwa Saudi Arabia Sheikh Abdulaziz Al al-Sheikh o ne a ikopanya le baeteledipele ba bangwe ba tumelo ya Muslim go kgala o tsewa ka dikgoka ga basetsana ba, a supa fa Boko Haram e ikaeletse go senya leina la Islam. O ne a supa fa tumelo ya Islam e le kgatlhanong le go saya batho ka dikgoka, le gore go nyala batho ba ba tserweng ka dikgoka ga go letlelelwe.[138]

Ka letsatsi la makgolo a marataro basetsana ba kwa Chibok ba sena go tsewa ka dikgoka, setlhopha sa baitseanape ba kwa Nigeria kwa United Kingdom, ba ne ba bitsa bokopano jwa tshireletso ka fa tlase ga ketelelopele ya ga tautona Muhammadu Buhari go tlhoma lekgotla le le faphegileng le le itebagantseng le go batala basetsana.[139]

Go tsiboga ga lefatshe ka bophara

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Dipuso

Canada: Tonakgolo wa lefatshe la Canada Stephen Harper o ne amogela gore batho ba Canada ba kopane le ba mafatshe a mangwe go iteka go falotsa basetsana. Dintlha ka botlalo gore seabe sa bone le sebaka sa teng ke eng, di beilwe sephiri.[140]

China: lefatshe la China le ne la itsise ka maikaelelo a lone a go phatlalatsa dintlha tsotlhe tsa botlhokwa tse di kapilweng ke maranyane a bone a satellite le ditirelo tsa lone tsa matlhale.[141]

France: Lefatshe la France le ne la fa setlhopha sa baitseanape.[141] Tautona wa France Francois Hollande o ne a batla le go dira bokopano kwa Paris le lefatshe la Nigeria le mafatshe a a bapileng lelone go baakanya seemo se.[142]

Israel: Tonakgolo wa lefatshe la Israel Benjamin Netanyahu o ne a itlama go thusa tautona wa Nigeria mo go batleng basetsana ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le lesome le motso ngwaga wa 2014. O ne a re "lefatshe la Israel le tshositswe ke go tlola molao mo go dirilweng kgatlhanong le basetsana. Re ikaelela go thusa go batla basetsana le go lwantsha dipharagobe tse lo leng mo go tsone".[143] Go ya ka tona wa kwa Israel o o sa bolelwang leina, tonakgolo morago o ne a romela setlhopha sa bo ramatlhale kwa Nigeria. Setlhopha se se ne se na le batho ba ba nang le kitso ya go bereka le go tsewa ka dikgoka ga batho, mme o ne a re ga se masole, ba koo go fa dikgakololo.[144]

United Kingdom: lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la dumalana go romela baitseanape kwa Nigeria go thusa go batla basetsana. Baitseanape ba kwa Britain ba ne ba tla tswa mo maphateng a a farologaneng a puso a akaretsa ofisi ya mafatshe, lephata la ditlhabololo le lephata la tshireletso, ba tla itebaganya le go rulaganya, go kopanya le go gakolola babusi ba mo gae.[145] Sefofane sa Sentinel R1 sa Royal Air Force se ne sa romelwa kwa Ghana go thusa ka patlo e.[146]

United States: lefatshe la United States le ne la romela baitseanape kwa Nigeria go thusa ka go batala basetsana. Setlhopha sa America se ne se na le masole, le ba ba bayang molao, ba ba itebagantseng le tsa botlhale, dipatlisiso, go buisana le ditsuolodi, ba ba abelanang dipuisano le ba ba thusang batswasetlhabelo. lefatshe la US le ne le sa ikaelela go romela masole a a tshotseng dibetsa.[147] Mothusa tautona wa pele Atiku Abubakar le Dr. Babangida Aliyu modulasetilo wa lekgotla la balaodi kwa bokone, ba ne ba amogela thuso ya lefatshe la America ya sesole.[148][149] Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le lesome le bobedi, masole a le lesome le borataro a tswa kwa US a ne a tsena mo patlong le go falotsa basetsana.[150] Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le masome mabedi le bobedi, lephata la tshireletso le ne la itsise fa le romela kolotsana ya lonaka e e sa kgweediweng ke motho, le ba tho ba ba dirisang maranyane a mo phefong ba le masome a ferabobedi kwa Chad. Lefatshe la Chad le ne le tlhophetswe go nna kwa boremelelong jwa matlhale le difofane ka ntlha ya kgonagalo ya go fitlha kwa bokone jwa Nigeria.[151]

Lekgotla la European Union le ne la fetisa molao ka kgwedi ya phukwi e le lesome le bosupa, le kopa go gololwa ga basetsana ka bofefo ebile go sena dipotso dipe.[152]

Go kgalwa ga dipego tsa dikgang

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Mokwadi wa dikgang wa BBC, ebong Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani o ne a re go stewa ka dikgoka ga go amane le ka fa metswedi ya dikgang e supang tiragalo e ka teng ba re "tlhaselo mo thutong ya basetsana", mme ka tshwanelo ba tshwanetse gore "go thukhutha mo go sa tsamayang sentle". O ne a supa go tsiboga ga metswedi ya dikgang e le go ikaelela go dira ditlhaselo tsa Boko Haram ka go tlhasela thuto ya basetsana ga dithukuthi, metswedi e mengwe ya dikgang e ne ya tlhokomologa sepe se se neng se sa dire jaana.[153] Batswasetlhabelo ba go tsewa ka dikgoka ba ne ba supa fa maikaelelo a dithukuthi e ne e le go utsa le go senya. Ba ne ba sa itse se ba ka se dirang ka basetsana morago ga go tsaya sengwe le sengwe mo ntlong ya mabeelo, ba bo ba simolola go nganga. Go ya ka Nwaubani, metswedi ya dikgang ga ya ela se tlhoko.[153]

Go nnile le ditlhaselo tsa pele tsa Boko Haram tse di enng di sa tsibogelwe ke metswedi ya dikgang. Sekai ke sa tlhaselo ya pele ga ya Chibok, kwa basetsana ba baithuti ba neng ba letlelelwa go iphalotsa mme ba basimane bba le masome mane ba ne ba bolawa kwa sekolong.[153]

Lekgotla la Boko Haram e nnile lone lekgotla la ditsuolodi la ntlha mo ditsong go dirisa bomme ba bantsi go apara dibomo tsa go ipolaya go na le banna. Mokwadi o mongwe Hilary Matfess, wa pego ya ngwaga wa 2017 ya go emisa borukutlhi e e neng e bega palo e, o ne a re go tsiboga ga go tsewa ka dikgoka ga basetsana mo lefatsheng ka bophara, go ruta dithukuthi gore mebele ya makgarejwana e na le mosola e seng go dirisiwa go ipolaya fela.[153]

Letsholo le megwanto ya #BringBackOurGirls

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Mohumagadi wa ga tautona wa pele wa leaftshe la United States Michelle Obama, a tsholeditse mokwalo o o kwadilweng hashtag ya #BringBackOurGirls, senepe se o ne a se anamisa mo maranyaneng a Twitter go thusa go anamisa molaetsa ka go stewa ka dikgoka ga basetsana.[154][155]

Batsadi le ba bangwe ba ne ba ngongorega mo maranyaneng ka go nna bonya le go sa tsiboge ka fa tshwanelong ga puso. Dikgang tse di ne tsa baka go šhakgala ga batho ba mafatshefatshe kgatlhanong le Boko Haram le puso ya lefatshe la Nigeria. Ka kgwei ya Moranang e le masome a mararo le Motsheganong a rogwa, megwanto e e neng e gwetlha puso go dira go feta jaaka e dira e ne ya tshwarwa mo ditoropong tse difarologaneng tsa lefatshe la Nigeria.[156] Le fa go ntse jalo, batsadi ba le bantsi ba ne ba tshaba go bua phatlalatsa ba tshaba gore bana ba bone ba tloga ba tsena mo diphatseng. Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le malatsi a mararo le bone, megwanto e ne ya tshwarwa kwa ditopong tse ditona tsa kwa bophirima di akaretsa Los Angeles le London.

Teraka kwa Nigeria e rotloetsa hashtag ya #BringBackOurGirls

Pele, tiriso ya hashtag e ne e tswa mo bathong ba ba ikemetseng ba leka go tsibosa batho ka go tsewa ka dikgoka mo.[157] Ibrahim M Abdullahi, mmueledi wa kwa Abuja, toropokgolo ya Nigeria, o ne a simolola #BringBackOurGirls mo pegong ya mo maranyaneng a Twitter ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa 2014[60][158] morago ga go reetsa tona wa pele wa thuto Oby Ezekwesili a bua ka go tsewa ka dikgoka mo kwa tirelong kwa Port Harcourt.[158] E ne ya simolola go dirisiwa ke setlhopha sa balweladitshwanelo ba kwa Nigeria ba tsibogela go nna bonya ga puso fa ba gwanta mo tseleng.[60] Hashtag e ne ya simoloa go dirisiwa leaftshe ka bophara mo maranyaneng a Twitter ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa 2014 e le mofuta wa bolweladitshwanelo jwa hashtag mme poleleo e e ne ya anama mo lefatsheng ka bophara, ya nna yone hashtag e e dirisitsweng thata mo maranyaneng a Twitter ka nako eo.[22][59] Ka Motsheganong a le lesome le motso, e ne e dirisitswe didikadike di le pedi le boraro,[159][160] ka ngwaga wa 2016 e ne e dirisitswe didikadike di le thataro le motso. [59] Akhaonto ya maranyane a Twitter ya letsholo le e ne ya bulwa, ka setlhopha sa batho ba le masome a mabedi go tsena ka masome a mararo ba na le seabe mo letsholong leo. Oby Ezekwesili le Aisha Yesufu botlhe ba tlhalositswe e le basimolodi ba letsholo le.[161][162] Madi a a kanang ka makgolo a mararo a dikete tsa dolara ya America a ne a solofeditswe mongwe le mongwe o o ka thusang go batla kgotsa go supa kwa basetsana ba le teng ke letsholo le.[163]

Letsholo le le tsere karolo mo go rulaganyeng megwanto e le mentsi kgatlhanong le go nna bonya ga puso ya Nigeria mo go tseweng ga batho ka dikgoka. Naomi Mutah le Saratu Angus Ndirpaya, basadi ba babedi ba ba neng ba tsaya karolo mo boeteleding pele le thulaganyo ya megwanto ba ne ba tshwarwa ke sepodise sa Nigeria ka mohumagadi wa tautona ya Nigeria Patience Jonathan a ne a seka a itumela fa ba ne ba rometswe go ya tsenelela bokopano mo boemong jwa bommago basetsana ba ba tserweng ka dikgoka.[38][164] Ndirpaya o ne a gololwa moragonyana, mme a supa fa mohumagadi wa ga tautona a ba lebisitse molato wa go bua maaka ka go tsewa ka dikgoka mo, fa ba bangwe kwa bokopanong ba ne ba re bobedi boo ke maloko a Boko Haram.[38][164] Dikopo di le mmalwa tse di mo maranyaneng di dirilwe go kopa puso ya Nigeria go tsaya kgato kgatlhanong le go tsewa ka dikgoka ga basetsana.[165] Ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le masome mararo, batho ba feta lekgolo ba ne ba gwanta kwa palamenteng go gwetlha puso le sesole go tsaya kgato.[166] Megwanto le ditebelelo di ne di tshwerwe mo lefatsheng ka bophara go tshwaya malatsia le lekgolo fa e sale basetsana ba tsewa ka dikgoka. Mafatshe a a tsereng karolo a akaretsa a Nigeria, pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Togo, United Kingdom, United States, Canada le Portugal.[167] Dipopelelo tsa letsatsi le letsatsi di ne di tshwarwa ke lekgotla la Bring Back Our Girls kwa Abuja go fitlhelela Firikgog a le malatsi a matlhano ka ngwaga wa 2015, le ntswa sepoddi se ne se leka go emisa megwanto e. Go tshwaya sebaka sa ngwaga fa e sale Boko Haram e tsaya basetsana ka dikgoka, bagwanti ba le lekgolo ka Moranang a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa 2015, ba ipeile ditheipi tse di khibidu mo molomong ba ne ba tsamaya ba didimetse kwa toropokgolo Abuja.[168] Ba makgotla a tshireletso ba itsege ka gore ba ne ba tshwara ba ba neng ba gwantaa ba phatlalatsa morafe ka mapodisi a tshwere dibetsa.[169][170]

Letsholo la maranyane le ne la baka go gwanat mo lefatsheng ka kakaretso le akaretsa le la kwa Spain

Letsholo le le ne la kgatlha kemo nokeng ya ba ba itsegeng mo setšhabeng ba le mmalwa.[171] Ba tsaya karolo ba tlhwatlhwa ba akaretsa Malala Yousafzai,[157] Hillary Clinton,[171] Chris Brown,[171] Forest Whitaker[157] le mohumagadi Michelle Obama, o a neng a tsewa senepe a tsholeditse pampiri e e kwadilweng hastag a letsholo leo, go ema nokeng letsholo ebile a fa lefoko morago ga malatsi a le mmalwa. Beyoncè o ne a na le bontlha mo maranyaneng a gagwe bo bo neng bo tshwaetswe letsholo le.[172]

Letsholo le le ne la kgalwa ke bangwe ba America ba akaretsa mokwadi wa motswedi wa dikgang wa Fox George Will, o o supileng gore maikaelelo a lone ga se go nna le seabe sepe mo lefatsheng , modulasetilo wa komiti ya matlhale Mike Rogers are ntlo ya botautona ya kwa America ga e ka ke ya baya molao wa yone mo go se se anameng le maranyane a Twitter.[173] Le fa go ntse jalo, hastag e go bolelwa fa e nnile le seabe mo polotiking ya kwa Nigeria, ka Oby Ezekwesili, molweladitshwanelo wa #BringBackOurGirls, a emela botautona ka ditlhopho tsa lefatshe la Nigeria tsa ngwaga wa 2015.[174] Tautona Goodluck Jonathan o ne a kgalelwa go dirisa hashtag ya #bringbackgoodluck2015, e e leng go tlaopa #BringBackOurGirls, ka nako ya fa a bolotsa letsholo la go tlhophiwa gape ka 2015.[175][176] Tautona o mosha Muhammadu Buhari o a neng a fenya Goodluck Jonathan morago ga ditlhopho tsa 2015 morago ga go solofetsa go lwantsha Boko Haram, a re ba ka sa re ba fentse Boko Haram fa ba sa falotsa basetsana ba kwa Chibok. Dibeke tse pedi morago ga tautona Buhari a ikanisiwa, ene le mosadi wa gagwe Aisha Muhamadu Buhari le mosadi wa mothusa tautona Mrs. Dolapo Osinbajo ba ne ba kopana le batsadi ba basetsana ba ba tserweng ka dikgoka.

Abubakar Shekau o ne a tlaopa maiteko a letsholo mo setshwantshong sa motshikhinyego se se ntshitsweng ke Boko Haram. Letsholo le le supiwa fa le na le seabe mo go fetoleng methale ga Boko Haram, a bo la amanngwa le go oketsega ga kgokgontsho ya bong mo setlhopheng, gore ba oketse go lemogiwa ga bone. Pego e e ntshitsweng ke lekgotla la Human Rights Watch ka Phalane 2014 ka kgokgontsho ya Boko Haram mo basading le basetsana ba Nigeria e supa fa bomotlhofo jo Boko Haram e tsereng basetsana ba Chibok ka bone, go ba thatafaditse go tsaya batho ka dikgoka mo mafelong a mangwe. Go begilwe fa go nna thata mo dikgannyeng ga basetsana ba Chibok go dirile gore go nne thata go ba golola.[159]

Go tsaya batho ka dikgoka ga morago

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Fa gare ga dingwaga tsa 2014 go tsena ka 2024, bana ba sekolo ba feta sekete le makgolo a mane ba tserwe kwa dikolong tsa kwa Nigeria.[177]

Ka Firikgong ngwaga wa 2015, dikgwedinyana fela morago ga go tsewa ka dikgoka ga basetsana ba Chibok ka 2014, kwa motseng wa Malari kwa kgaolong ya Borno, basimane le makawana a le masome a mane ba ne ba tsewa ka dikgoka ke Boko Haram.[178]

Ka Tlhakole, ngwaga wa 2015, dingwaga di le nne morago ga tsewa ka dikgoka ga basetsana ba kwa Chibok, kwa toropong e e gautshwane ya Dapchi, basetsana ba bangwe ba le lekgolo le lesome ba ne ba stewa ke Boko Harama ka dikgoka, puso e sa tsenye letsogo ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a mane ngwaga wa 2018.[179]

Pego ya lekgotla la UNICEF e e ntsitsweng ka Moranang ngwaga wa 2018, e ene e supa fa sekete sa bana ba tserwe ke Boko Haram fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 2013.[180]

Ka kgwedi ya Morule ngwaga wa 2020, basimane ba feta makgolo a matlhano ba ne ba tsewa ka dikgoka ke setlhopha sa banna ba ithibile matlho kwa sekolong se segolwane kwa Kankara, toropo e e kwa bokone bophirima jwa Katsina kwa Nigeria. Morago, Boko Haram e ne ya tsaya maikarabelo a go tsewa ka dikgoka moo.[181] Malatsi a supa morago ga tiragalo eo, basimane ba le makgolo a mararo, masome a mane le bone ba setlhopha seo ba ne ba gololwa ka ntlha ya dipuisano tse di atlegileng tsa puso ya Nigeria.[182]

Ka Tlhakole ngwaga wa 2021, go tsewa ka dikgoka ga batho ba le bantsi go diragetse ga raro kwa dikolong tsa kwa Nigeria. Mo tiragalong ya ntlha, banna ba tshotse ditlhobolo ba ne ba tsaya batho ba ka nna masome a mane, ba akaretsa bana ba sekolo ba le masome a mabedi le bosupa, go tswa kwa sekolong se se kwa bokone legare la Nigeria.[183][184] Mo tiragalong ya bobedi, ka Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le botlhano, banna ba tshwere ditlhobolo ba nhe ba tsaya basetsana ba le makgolo a mararo lesome le bosupa go stwa kwa sekolong sa basetsana sa maranyane kwa Jangebe kwa kgaolong ya Zamfara.[184] Ka Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2021, go ne ga nna le tiragalo enngwe kwa Afaka e bana ba sekolo ba le masome a mararo le boferabongwe ba neng ba tsewa kwa sekolong sa ithutelo ditiro kwa Afaka kwa kgaolong ya Kaduna.[185][186]

Ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a supa, mmereki a le mongwe le baithuti ba le makgolo a mabedi, masome a ferabobedi le bosupa ba ne ba tsewa ka dikgoka kwa sekolong sa Kuriga kwa bokone bophirima jwa Kaduna; bana ba le lekgolo masome a mararo le bosupa ba ne ba gololwa dibeke tse pedi tse di latelang, mme mmereki ene o ne a tlhokafetse ka nako eo.[187]

Mo metsweding ya dikgang

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
  • Buka ya mokwadi wa kwa Ireland Edna O'Brien, e e gatisitsweng ka ngwaga wa 2019, e fa batho kakanyo ya gore maiphitlhelo a go tsewa ka dikgoka a ka tswa a ntse jang, le gore go iphalotsa go ne go ka nna jang, a kwala se a ipeile mo seemong sa mosetsana wa sekolo.[188]
  • Prune Nourry, a berekisana le baithti ba le lekgolo le boferabobedi ba sekolo sa itutelo ditiro sa Obafemi Awolowo le malwapa a basetsana ba ba tserweng ka dikgoka, o ne a dira dfikantswe tsa ditlhogo tsa basetsana ba le lekgolo le boferabobedi ba ba sa bonweng.[189]

Tse di tsamaelang

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
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