Joshua Nkomo
| Joshua Nkomo | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Nkomo ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabaongwe masome a supa le borobabobedi | |
| Mothusa tautona wa bobedi wa Zimbabwe | |
| In office Phatwe a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe – Phukwi a rogwa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe | |
| President | Robert Mugabe |
| Pele Ga Gagwe | ofisi e ne e le gone e tlhamiwang |
| Morago Ga Gagwe | Joseph Msika |
| Tona wa ntlha wa merero ya selegae wa Zimbabwe | |
| In office ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabaongwe le masome a robabobedi – Tlhakole ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabaobedi le bobedi | |
| President | Canaan Banana |
| Prime Minister | Robert Mugabe |
| Pele Ga Gagwe | Herbert Zimuto |
| Morago Ga Gagwe | Herbert Ushewokunze |
| Ka Ga Ena | |
| O tsetswe | Joshua Mqabuko Nyongolo Nkomo Seetebosigo a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabaongwe lesome le bosupa Harare Zimbabwe |
| Polokelo | National Heroes' Acre |
| Mokgatlho | PF-ZAPU ZAPU |
| Mo/Bakapelo | Johanna Fuyana (ba nyalane ka ngwaga wa 1949) |
| Bana | ba bane |
| Alma mater | Jan H. Hofmeyr School of Social Work University of South Africa |
| Tiro | Mopolotiki, motsoulodi, moeteledipele wa lekgotla la babereki, mogwebi |
Joshua Mqabuko Nyongolo Nkomo (o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe lesome le bosupa ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a supa – a tlhokafala ka Phukwi a rogwa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe) e ne e le mopolotiki o o dirileng phetogo kwa Zimbabwe [1] o a neng a bereka e le mothusa tautona wa lefatshe la Zimbabwe ka fa tlase ga puso ya ga Robert Mugabe go tswa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabaongwe go fitlhelela a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe. O ne a tlhama le go etelela pele phathi ya Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) go tswa ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le motso go fitlhelela, morago ga kgatelelo ya sesole ya kwa lefatsheng leo(e e neng e itsige jaaka Gukurahundi ) kwa bophirima jwa Zimbabwe, e e neng e lebagane thata le baema nokeng ba lotso lwa Ndebele ba ba neng ba eme ZAPU nokeng, ZAPU e ne ya kopana le phathi ya ga Robert Mugabe ya Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bosupa go tlhama ZANU-PF.
E ne e le moeteledipele wa mokgatlho wa babereki, mme a tswelela pele go nna tautona wa phathi e e neng e ilediwa ya National Democratic Party , mme a tsenngwa mo kgolegelong dingwaga di le lesome ke puso ya batho ba basweu ya Rhodesia . Morago ga go gololwa ga gagwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabaongwe masome a supa le bone, ZAPU e ne ya nna le seabe mo go phutlhameng ga puso eo, mmogo le ZANU, e e neng ya tlhamiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabaongwe masome a marataro le boraro. [2]
Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le boraro, ka a ne a boifa ka dingwaga tsa ntlha tsa Gukurahundi, Nkomo o ne a sia mo lefatsheng la gaabo. Moragonyana ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le bosupa, o ne a baya monwana tumalano ya kagisano ya Unity Accord mme se se ne sa baka mekubukubu, tumalano e e ne e tlaa letla ZAPU go kopana le NAZU go emisa kganyaolo. [3]
Nkomo o ne fiwa maina a mantsi a metshameko, a akaretsa la Umafukufuku la puo ya Ndebele, "Father Zimbabwe" ka Sekgowa le Chibwechitedza ("lentswe le le boreledi") ka puo ya seShona.
Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Nkomo o tshotswe ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe lesome le bosupa kwa Matopos, Matabeleland, Rhodesia Borwa (kwa e leng Matobo, Zimbabwe gompieno[4][5] ) E ne e le mongwe wa bana ba robabobedi. Rraagwe (ebong Thomas Nyongolo Letswansto Nkomo ) o ne a bereka e le moreri gape e le molemi morui wa dikgomo mme a berekela Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa Lontone . Mmaagwe e ne e le Mlingo Hadebe.
Morago ga go fetsa dithuto tsa gagwe tse di potlana kwa Rhodesia Borwa, Nkomo o ne a dira dithuto tsa go betla kwa sekolong sa madirelo sa puso sa Tsholotsho mme a ithuta teng sebaka sa ngwaga pele ga a nna mokgweetsi. Moragonyana o ne a leka go rua diphologolo, mme morago a nna morutabana wa sekolo yo o itebagantseng le tiro ya go betla kwa sekolong sa Manyame kwa Kezi . Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mane le bobedi, a le dingwaga di le masome mabedi le botlhano, ka nako ya fa a le morutabana, o ne a tsaya tshwetso ya gore o tshwanetse go ya kwa Aforika Borwa go ya go tsweledisa dithuto tsa gagwe, go dira tiro ya go betla le go itlhatlosa maemo a thuto. O tsene sekolo kwa Adams College le kwa Sekolong sa Jan H. Hofmeyr kwa Aforika Borwa, [4] kwa a neng a kopana teng le Nelson Mandela le baeteledipele ba bangwe ba mo isagong kwa sekolong se segolwane sa Fort Hare, le ntswa a ne a sa tsene sekolo seo. Ke kwa Sekolong sa Jan Hofmeyr kwa a neng a aloga ka dipoloma ya mmaboipelego ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a matlhano le bobedi. Nkomo o nyetse mosadi wa gagwe Johanna Fuyana ka Phalane a rogwa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabaongwe masome a mane le borobabongwe.
Dipolotiki ngwaga wa 1947- go tsena 1964
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]morago ga go boela kwa Bulawayo ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a mane le bosupa, o ne a nna leloko la mokgatlho wa babereki ba bantsho ba diterena mme a nna moeteledipele wa Mokgatlho wa babereki ba Diterena mme morago ga moo a nna moeteledipele wa kgaolo ya Rhodesia Borwa ya African National Congress . Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabaongwe masome a matlhano le boraro o ne a emela ditlhopho tsa Palamente mo ditlhophong tsa ntlha tsa puso, le fa a ne a latlhegelwa. Lekalana la ANC la Rhodesia Borwa le ne la fetoga go nna Southern Rhodesia African National Congress (SRANC), mme ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabaongwe masome a matlhano le bosupa Nkomo o ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetilo. [6] Nkomo o ne a le kwa ntle ga lefatshe ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabaongwe masome a matlhano le borobabaongwe fa SRANC e ne e ilediwa go tsena mo lefatsheng leo, dithoto tsa yone di tsewa, le bontsi jwa baeteledipele ba yone ba tshwarwa.
Ka Firkgong a rogwa ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro, National Democratic Party (NDP) e ne ya tlhamiwa ke Nkomo le ba bangwe go tswa mo boeteledipeleng jwa SRANC go tlhatlhama SRANC e e neng e ileditswe, mme ba amogela maikaelelo a bona le popego ya mokgatlho, ga mmogo le go tsenya maloko. Mo ngwageng oo o ne a nna tautona wa NDP ka kemo nokeng ya ga Robert Mugabe . NDP e ne ya ilediwa ka Morule ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabaongwe masome a marataro le motso ke puso ya Rhodesia.
Moragonyana fela Nkomo o ne a tlhama Zimbabwe African Peoples Union ( ZAPU ) a na le Samuel Parirenyatwa, Ndabaningi Sithole, Robert Mugabe, le ba bangwe . Phathi eo le yone e ne ya ilediwa ke puso ya batho basweu ba ba kwa Rhodesia dikgwedi di robabongwe moragonyana ka Lwetse ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le bobedi.
ZAPU e ne ya kgaogana ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le boraro fa Sithole le Mugabe ba tsaya baema nokeng ba bone mme ba tlhama phathi ya Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU). [2] Fa batho bangwe ba re kgaogano e, e bakilwe ke dikgotlhang gareng ga merafe, kgaogano e ne e tlhotlhelediwa ke go palelwa ga ga Sithole, Mugabe, Takawira le Malianga go amoga taolo ya ZAPU mo go Nkomo. ZAPU e ne ya tswelelela e le phathi ya merafe e e farologaneng go fitlhelela ka boipuso. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">go tlhokega nopolo</span> ]
Kgotlhang ya dibetsa
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Nkomo o ne a tshwarelwa kwa Kampeng ya Gonakudzingwa Restriction ke puso ya ga Ian Smith ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le bone, le batho ba ba tshwanang le ene ba ba neng ba le kgatlhanong le puso ebong Ndabaningi Sithole, Edgar Tekere, Enos Nkala, Maurice Nyagumbo, le Mugabe, go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabaongwe masome a supa le bone. Paul Tangi Mhova Mkondo moeteledipele wa basha wa baithuti le ene o ne a tshwarwa le bone ka nakwana. Palo e ntsi ya bone ba ne ba gololwa ka ntlha ya kgatelelo ya ga tonakgolo wa Aforika Borwa John Vorster. Morago ga go gololwa ga ga Nkomo, o ne a ya kwa Zambia go tswelela a le kgatlhanong le puso ya Rhodesia ka ditsamaiso tse pedi tsa go nna kgatlhanong le go buisana.
Le sa tshwane le la ZANU la dibetsa, lekgamu la dibetsa la ZAPU - Zimbabwe People's revolutionary Army - le ne le itebagantse le tlhaselo ya ditsuolodi. Ka nak ya boipuso ZIPRA e ne e na le sesole sa sesha, kwa Zambia le Angola, le na le balwantwa ba Mikoyan, dibomo le batho ba ba itshireleditseng.
Nkomo o kile a gomagomediwa go bolawa makgetho a le mabedi. La ntlha, kwa Zambia ke Selous Scouts, e ne e le thomo e e bofitlha. Thomo e ne ya emisiwa mme ya lekelediwa gape morago, mo go neng ga seka ga atlega, ke sesole sa Rhodesia se se faphegileng sa difofane. Ka Phatwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso go ne ga begiwa ke BBC gore Nkomo o ne a lmilwe tsebe ke puso ya Britain.[7]
Masole a ZAPU a ne a nyenyafatsa puso ya Rhodesia ka nako ya ntwa ya sekgwa. Ditlhaselo tse di begilweng thata ebile e le tsone tse di atlegileng ke go diga difofane tsa Air Rhodesia Vickers Viscount tsa bapagami ba mo gae di le pedi ka di misaele, tse di neng tsa baka dintsho tsa batho ba le lekgolo le bosupa. Ya ntlha, ya Lwetse a le malatsi a mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le borobabobedi e bolaile batho ba le masome a mararo le borobabobedi mo go ba ba masome a matlhano le borataro ba ba neng ba le mo sefofaneng fa se phatlakana, ba bangwe ba le lesome (ba akaretsa basadi le bana) ba ne ba thuntshiwa morago ke ba ZIPRA ba ba neng ba ile go sekaseka tshenyo.[8][9]
Morago Nkomo o ne a re kganyaolo e ke magatwe fela a a senang lepele le lemorago a a tlhotlhelediwang ke babegadikgang ba Rhodesia, a supa fa a le maswabi ka go wa ga sefofane sa bapagami, mme a buelela tiragalo e fa a re puso ya Rhodesia e ne e itsege ka go tsamaisa masole a yone ka difofane tsa bapagami ba e seng masole. Bafalodi ba ba setseng ba robabaobedi ba ne ba falola batlhasedi ka go iphitlha bosigo botlhe mo sekgweng, bangwe ba ne ba tsamaya ka dinao go ya Karoi go kpa thuso. Bangwe bapagami ba ne ba gobetse mo go masisi ba tsewa ke dikoloi tsa sepodisi ba tlhatlhobiwa ke sesole sa Rhodesia.
Metswedi
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]- ↑ Barron, Ian (1986). "Nkomo Debt to George in 'Banned' Talk: Zimbabwe Premier blocks trip to Vancouver". Land&Liberty. https://cooperative-individualism.org/barron-ian_zimbabwe-joshua-nkomo-prevented-from-travel-to-vancouver-1986-sep-oct.pdf.
- 1 2 Sibanda, Eliakim M. (2005). The Zimbabwe African People's Union 1961–87: A Political History of Insurgency in Southern Rhodesia. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press. pp. 90–93. ISBN 978-1-59221-275-0. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Sibanda-2005-90" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ Nyarota, Geoffrey (2018). "Chapter 3: Silencing divergent voices". The Graceless Fall of Robert Mugabe: The End of a Dictator's Reign. Cape Town, South Africa: Penguin (Random House). p. 39. ISBN 978-1-77609-346-5.
- 1 2 Jessup, John E. (1998). An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945–1996. Greenwood Press. p. 533. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ Metrowich, Frederick Redvers (1969). Rhodesia: Birth of a Nation (in Sekgoa). Africa Institute. p. 129.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "Encyc-World-Bio". - ↑ "Did UK warn Mugabe and Nkomo about assassination attempts?". BBC News Online. 1 July 2011. Retrieved 07 July 2026
- ↑ "Seeds of Political Destruction". Time. New York. 18 September 1978. Archived from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 07 August 2026
- ↑ Lindsell-Stewart, Gavin (5 September 1978). "Three Describe a Night of Terror". The Rhodesia Herald. Salisbury: Argus Group: 1.