Kankere ya sebete
| Liver cancer | |
|---|---|
| Maina a mangwe | Hepatic cancer, primary hepatic malignancy, primary liver cancer, hepatoma |
 | |
| CT scan of a liver with cholangiocarcinoma | |
| Specialty | Oncology |
| Dikai | Lump or pain in the right side below the rib cage, swelling of the abdomen, yellowish skin, easy bruising, weight loss, weakness[1] |
| Ditshimologo tse ditwaelesegileng | 55 to 65 years old[2] |
| Causes | Cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or alcohol, aflatoxin, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver flukes[3][4] |
| Diagnostic method | Blood tests, medical imaging, tissue biopsy[1] |
| Prevention | Immunization against hepatitis B, treating those infected with hepatitis B or C[3] |
| Treatment | Surgery, targeted therapy, radiation therapy[1] |
| Prognosis | Five-year survival rates ~18% (US);[2] 40% (Japan)[5] |
| Frequency | 618,700 (point in time in 2015)[6] |
| Deaths | 782,000 (2018)[7] |
Kankere ya sebete, e gape e bidiwang kankere ya sebete, ke kankere e e simololang mo sebeteng.[1] Kankere e e anameng go tswa kwa mafelong a mangwe go ya kwa sebeteng, e e bidiwang liver metastasis, e tlwaelegile thata go feta e e simololang mo sebeteng.[3] Dikai tsa kankere ya sebete di akaretsa borurugo kgotsa botlhoko mo letlhakoreng la moja ka fa tlase ga kgopo, go ruruga ga mpa, letlalo le le serolwana, go kgobosa motlhofo, go latlhegelwa ke mmele le go nna bokoa.[1]
Selo se segolo se se bakang kankere ya sebete ke bolwetse jwa sebete jo bo bakiwang ke hepatitis B, hepatitis C kgotsa bojalwa.[4] Mabaka a mangwe a akaretsa aflatokisine, bolwetse jwa sebete jo bo mafura jo bo seng jwa bojalwa le ditlhagala tsa sebete.[3] Mefuta e e tlwaelegileng thata ke kankere ya disele tsa sebete ( HCC ), e e dirang 80% ya dikgetse, le kankere ya cholangiocarcinoma.[3] Mefuta e e sa tlwaelegang thata e akaretsa tlhagala ya cystic ya mucinous le tlhagala ya biliary ya papillary ya mo teng ga ditšhika.[3] Go tshwarwa ga bolwetse go ka rurufadiwa ka diteko tsa madi le ditshwantsho tsa kalafi, mme di netefadiwe ka maranyane a biopsy ya ditshika.[1]
Maiteko a thibelo a akaretsa go kenta kgatlhanong le hepatitis B le go alafa ba ba tsenweng ke mogare wa hepatitis B kgotsa C.[3] Go rotloediwa gore ba ba nang le bolwetse jo bo sa foleng jwa sebete ba tlhatlhobiwe.[3] Ditlhopha tsa kalafi di ka akaretsa karo, kalafi e e ikaeletsweng le kalafi ya marang.[1] Mo maemong mangwe, go ka dirisiwa kalafi ya go ntsha sebete, kalafi ya go tsenya madi mo mmeleng kgotsa go ntshiwa ga sebete.[1] Dibolonyana tse dinnye mo sebeteng di ka nna tsa latedisiwa thata.[1]
Kankere ya sebete ya motheo ke kankere ya borataro e e tlhagelelang kgapetsakgapetsa mo lefatsheng lotlhe (6%) le selo sa bobedi se se bakang dintsho tse di bakiwang ke kankere (9%).[3][8] Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi(2018)e ne ya diragala mo bathong ba le 841 000 mme ya baka dintsho di le 782 000.[7] Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015), dintsho di le 263 000 ka ntlha ya kankere ya sebete di ne di bakilwe ke hepatitis B, di le 245 000 di bakilwe ke bojalwa le di le 167 000 di bakilwe ke hepatitis C.[9] Dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa kankere ya sebete di diragala kwa hepatitis B le C di tlwaelegileng teng, go akaretsa le kwa Asia le kwa Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara.[3] Borre ba amiwa gantsi ke HCC go feta Bomme.[3] Go lemogiwa ga bolwetse jono gantsi mo bathong ba dingwaga di le masome a matlhano le botlhano go ya go di le masome a marataro le botlhano.[2] Seelo sa go tshela sa dingwaga di le tlhano ke 18.4 % kwa Amerika,[2] le 40.4% kwa Japane.[5] Lefoko "hepatic" le tswa mo Segerikeng hêpar, le le kayang "sebete".[10]
Ditshupiso
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Adult Primary Liver Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version". NCI. 6 July 2016. Archived from the original on 2 October 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
- 1 2 3 4 "SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer". NCI. Archived from the original on 2017-07-28.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 World Cancer Report 2014. World Health Organization. 2014. pp. Chapter 5.6. ISBN 978-9283204299.
- 1 2 GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators (17 December 2014). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–71. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442.
{{cite journal}}:|first=has generic name (help) - 1 2 "がん診療連携拠点病院等院内がん登録生存率集計：[国立がん研究センター がん登録・統計]". ganjoho.jp. Archived from the original on 16 September 2015. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
- ↑ GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
{{cite journal}}:|first1=has generic name (help) - 1 2 Bray, F; Ferlay, J; Soerjomataram, I; Siegel, RL; Torre, LA; Jemal, A (November 2018). "Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries". CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 68 (6): 394–424. doi:10.3322/caac.21492. PMID 30207593. Archived from the original on 2021-04-17. Retrieved 2019-12-01.
- ↑ World Cancer Report 2014. World Health Organization. 2014. pp. Chapter 1.1. ISBN 978-9283204299.
- ↑ GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.
{{cite journal}}:|first=has generic name (help) - ↑ "Hepato- Etymology". dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 10 October 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2015.