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Kate Swift

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Kate Swift (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e le boferabobgwe (9) ka ngwaga wa 1923 abo a thokafala ka Mopitlo e le supa (7) ka ngwaga wa 2011) e ne e le mokwadi le morulaganyi wa mosadi wa kwa Amerika yo a kwadileng (le Casey Miller, molekane wa gagwe wa kgwebo le molekane wa gagwe wa mo gae) dibuka tse di nang le tlhotlheletso le ditlhogo tse di buang ka bosodoma ka puo ya Seesimane.[1][2][3][4]

Tiro ya go kwala

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Casey Miller o ne a fudugela kwa East Haddam, Connecticut ka ngwaga wa 1967 mme a simolola tirisanommogo ya go kwala le Swift, e e neng ya tswelela go fitlha Miller a tlhokafala.[5]

Miller o ne a dira botsalano jwa go baakanya le Swift, yo ka nako eo e neng e le motsamaisi wa ofisi ya dikgang ya Yale University's School of Medicine, ka ngwaga wa 1970. Go ise go ye kae morago ga moo, Swift le Miller ba ne ba kopiwa go kopolola le go rulaganya buka ya thuto ya thobalano ya baithuti ba sekolo se segolo ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa tlotlo le tekatekano magareng ga baithuti ba basetsana le ba basimane. Le fa go ntse jalo, mokwalo wa ntlhantlha wa pampitshana eno o ne o dirisa ka metlha mareo a banna a a jaaka "ene" mo e leng gore go ne go sa itsiwe sentle gore a mokwadi wa ntlhantlha wa buka eno o ne a kwala ka banna le basadi kgotsa ka banna fela. Go dirisa direto tsa banna go kaya banna le basadi go ne go nyatsa boikaelelo jwa go lekalekana ga baithuti.[6] Moragonyana Swift o ne a bolela jaana: "Re ne ra lemoga ka tshoganyetso gore ke eng se se neng se dira gore molaetsa wa [mokwadi] - molaetsa wa gagwe o o molemo - o se ka wa anamisiwa, mme seo se ne sa re tshosa thata", mo potsolotsong ya ngwaga wa 1994 e e neng e le fa gare ga National Council of Teachers of English. O ne a tswelela ka go re, "E ne e le ka ntlha ya direto! Ba ne ba na le bong jo bo tshwanang thata le jwa banna". [6]Swift le Miller ba ne ba lemoga gore maina a banna ka Seesemane gantsi a dirisiwa go akaretsa banna le basadi, gantsi go fitlha mo ntlheng ya go itlhokomolosa basadi. Seno se ne sa dira gore Swift le Miller ba dire se The New York Times e neng ya se bitsa "kgaratlho e e maatla kgatlhanong le se ba le bantsi ba neng ba se tsaya e le puo e e tlhaolang batho ka bong". [7]

"Go Tlosa Tlhakanelodikobo mo Puong ya Seesemane"

Morago ga go lemoga seno, Swift le Miller ba ne ba simolola go batlisisa le go rotloetsa go itse ka ditsela tse Puo ya Seesimane e leng maleba ka teng mo banneng.[8] Mo ngwageng o o latelang, Swift le Miller ba ne ba gatisa setlhogo se se neng se re "Desexing the English Language" mo kgatisong ya ntlha ya makasine wa Ms., e e neng e gatisitswe e le karolo ya New York Magazine ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e le borataro (6) ka ngwaga wa 1971.[9][10] Moragonyana Swift o ne a bua gore batho ba ne ba mo akgola le go mo sotla ka ntlha ya setlhogo seno.[7]Go ise go ye kae morago ga moo, ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 1972, ba ne ba gatisa "One Small Step for Genkind" mo The New York Times Magazine. Ditlhogo tse dingwe di ne tsa phasaladiwa kwa The Washington Post mme, mo dingwageng tse di fetileng, mo dipampiring tse dingwe tse dintsi tsa bosetšhaba.[11]

Mafoko le Basadi

Tiro ya ga Swift le Miller e ne ya felela ka go gatisiwa ga buka ya Words and Women ka ngwaga wa 1976 ke Doubleday, e Women's Media Center e neng ya e bitsa "buka e e fetolang lefatshe".[12]

The Handbook of Nonsexist Writing [Buka ya go Kwala e e sa Kgatlhegeleng Batho ba Bong jo bo Tshwanang

Ka ngwaga wa 1980 Swift le Miller ba ne ba kwala The Handbook of Nonsexist Writing mme e ne ya phasaladiwa ke Lippincott & Crowell mme ka ngwaga wa 1988 ke HarperCollins.[7] Senator Chris Dodd o ne a bolela moragonyana gore buka eno e "sa ntse e tsewa e le buka e e kaelang ka ga go dirisa puo ka tshwanelo go bua le go bua ka basadi".[5]

Tirisanommogo

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ka ngwaga wa 1977, Swift o ne a nna leloko la Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press (WIFP).[13]

Go fitlhwa

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Miller o ne a fitlhwa kwa Madison, Connecticut mme moragonyana a kopana le Swift, fa Swift a sena go tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa 2011.

Ka ntlha ya matsapa a bone, Hartford Courant e ne ya bitsa Swift le Miller e re ke "baeteledipele mo mokgatlhong wa basadi ba dingwaga tsa bo1970" le setlhopha sa batho ba babedi ba ba neng ba "tsaya lebopitlhopho la he [...] mmogo le se bone le ba bangwe ba basadi ba neng ba se tsaya e le puo e e neng e le kgatlhanong le banna mo ditlhogong le mo dipuong tse dintsintsi mmogo le mo dibukeng tsa bone".[14]Kgabagare batho ba ne ba lemoga "kgethololo e e sa tlhamalalang" mo puong ya Seesimane mme "go kwala le go bua kwantle ga go dirisa mafoko a bong jwa bonna" go ne ga simolola go itsege. [14][5]Mo godimo ga moo, dingwe tsa ditshitshinyo tsa ga Swift le Miller tsa puo e e sa kgethololeng batho ka bong kgabagare di ne tsa dirisiwa letsatsi le letsatsi. Ka sekai, go ya ka St. Paul Pioneer Press, "Dikakantsho dingwe tsa bakwadi di ne tsa amogelwa. Makwalodikgang a le mantsi, dibuka tsa thuto le dibui tsa phatlalatsa di tila go dirisa mafoko a a jaaka "motlhosetsi wa molelo" le "motlhokomedi wa sefofane" gompieno". [6]

Dipampiri le direkoto tsa ga Swift le Miller di bolokilwe kwa Special Collections and University Archives kwa University of Oregon kwa Eugene, Oregon.[15]

  1. ↑ Grimes, William (May 9, 2011). "Kate Swift, Writer Who Rooted Out Sexism in Language, Dies at 87". The New York Times
  2. ↑ http://nwda.orbiscascade.org/ark:/80444/xv80889/op=fstyle.aspx?t=k&q=%22Coll+291%22[permanent dead link] Casey Miller and Kate Swift Papers
  3. ↑ "Deaths elsewhere: Kate Swift, 87, helped alter sexist language". TwinCities.com. May 10, 2011. Retrieved November 12, 2011
  4. ↑ Isele, Elizabeth (July 4, 1976). "WILLA Volume 3 – Casey Miller and Kate Swift: Women Who Dared to Disturb the Lexicon by Elizabeth Isele". The Women in Literature and Life Assembly. 3. Scholar.lib.vt.edu. Retrieved November 12, 2011.
  5. 1 2 3 Senator Dodd (CT). "Tribute to Casey Miller." Congressional Record 143:15 (February 7, 1997), p. S1125-6. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-1997-02-07/pdf/CREC-1997-02-07-pt1-PgS1125.pdf
  6. 1 2 3 "Deaths elsewhere: Kate Swift, 87, helped alter sexist language". Twin Cities. May 10, 2011. Retrieved October 14, 2022.
  7. 1 2 3 Gelder, Lawrence Van (January 8, 1997). "Casey Miller, 77, a Promoter Of Nonsexist Language, Dies". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 14, 2022.
  8. ↑ Love, Barbara J. (September 22, 2006). Feminists Who Changed America, 1963-1975. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-03189-2.
  9. ↑ McDonald, William (January 1, 2011). The Obits 2012: The New York Times Annual. Workman Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7611-6576-7.
  10. ↑ Buchanan, Paul D. (July 25, 2011). Radical Feminists: A Guide to an American Subculture: A Guide to an American Subculture. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-357-6.
  11. ↑ Allen, Donna, and Kassell, Paula. 1997. "Casey Geddes Miller (1919-1997): An Appreciation." Women and Language 20 (1): 1. Academic OneFile. http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA19569699&v=2.1&u=s8492775&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w&asid=aee91b2f57de292c519a5eb77a6953b6.
  12. ↑ Maggio, Rosalie (May 13, 2011). "Kate Swift, Feminist Wordsmith, 1923 to 2011". Women's Media Center. Retrieved August 13, 2024
  13. ↑ "Associates | The Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press". www.wifp.org. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
  14. 1 2 Van Nes, Claudia. "Enemy of Sexist Language." The Courant. January 6, 1997. [1]
  15. ↑ "Archives West: Casey Miller and Kate Swift papers, 1919-2000". nwda.orbiscascade.org. Retrieved April 10, 2016
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