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Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park

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Kalahari Gemsbok National Park

Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park ke lefelo le legolo le le sireleditsweng la diphologolo tsa naga le lefelo la tshomarelo kwa borwa jwa Afrika.

Phaka e e mo molelwaneng wa Afrika Borwa le Botswana mme se na le diphaka tsa bosetšhaba tse pedi tse di bapileng:

Lefelo lotlhe la phaka ke 38,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi). Mo e ka nnang dikwatara di le tharo tsa paraka eno di kwa Botswana mme kwatara e le nngwe e kwa Afrika Borwa. Kgalagadi e raya "lefelo la lenyora".[1]Ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015), dipegelo tsa metswedi ya dikgang di ne tsa bolela gore ditshwanelo tsa go dirisa gase mo go fetang halofo ya karolo ya Botswana ya phaka di rekisitswe. [2]Puso ya Botswana e ne ya ganetsa dipego tseno moragonyana. [3]

Lefelo

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Phaka eno e fitlhelwa thata kwa borwa jwa Sekaka sa Kalahari. Lefelo leno le na le dithabana tse dikhibidu, dimela tse dinnye, ditlhare tse di tlhaelang fela ka sewelo, le dinoka tse di omileng tsa Nossob le Auob. Go bolelwa gore dinoka tseno di elela gangwe fela mo lekgolong lengwe le lengwe la dingwaga. Le fa go ntse jalo, metsi a elela kafa tlase ga lefatshe, a naya bojang botshelo le ditlhare tsa Vachellia erioloba tse di golang mo dinokeng. Dinoka di ka nna tsa elela ka bokhutshwane morago ga diphefo tse dikgolo tsa maru. [4]

Diphologolo tsa naga

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E na le mefuta e e fetang makgolo a mane le masome a supa e e kwadilweng, phaka e na le diphologolo tse dintsi tsa naga, go akaretsa tau, cheetah, nkwe ya Aforika, tshukudu e e nang le matlhaka le tshukudu e e borokwa. [5] Dinama tse dinnye di akaretsa katse ya naga ya Afrika, phokojwe e e nang le ditsebe tse di tshwanang le tsa bommamathwane le phokojwe ya Kapa, phokojwe e e nang le mokwatla o montsho, phokojwe e e nang le mokwatla o montsho, phokojwe e e nang le mokwatla o montsho, phokojwe e e nang le mokwatla o montsho le phokojwe e e nang le dinotshe, mmogo le diphokojwe tse di nang le ditsebe tse di tshwanang le tsa bommamathwane le diphokojwe. [5]Dipeo tse di fudugang tsa diphologolo tse dikgolo tse di nang le diphuka, tse di jaaka blue wildebeest, gemsbok, springbok, steenbok, southern giraffe, common eland, greater kudu, warthog, klipspringer le red hartebeest le tsone di nna le go fuduga ka setlha mo phakeng, di tlamela dibatana ka dijo. Go na le mefuta e e fetang makgolo a mabedi ya dinonyane tse di nnang mo parakeng, go akaretsa dinonyane tsa naga, dinonyane tsa metsi, dinonyane tsa metsi, dinonyane tsa naga le dinonyane tse di fofang tse di ka nnang masome a mararo.[5]Go na le mefuta e e fetang masome a mararo ya digagabi le di-amphibian mo phakeng, go akaretsa dinoga tse di botlhole jaaka Cape cobra, horned adder, puff adder le black mamba; Cape terrapins, leopard tortoise le serrated tortoise, agama e e farologaneng, gecko, le mefuta ya skink; di-amphibian di akaretsa sand frog le African bullfrog.[5]

Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano, lefelo le le sireleditsweng le ntse le tsewa jaaka Yuniti ya Tshomarelo ya Ditau le lefelo le le sireleditsweng la ditau mo Borwa jwa Aforika. [6]

Tlhokomelo

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Thulaganyo ya tshomarelo go dikologa phaka e akareditse tiro mo porojekeng ya Western Kgalagadi Conservation Corridor, e e ikaeletsweng go tshola le go busetsa phologolo ya naga kwa metsweding le go tshegetsa tlhabololo ya setšhaba le bojanala mo phakeng e e golaganyang Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park le Central Kalahari Game Reserve. Conservation International Botswana e ne ya tsaya karolo mo thulaganyong e e amanang le se mme ya dira le Lefapha la Botswana la Diphologolo tsa Naga le Dipaka tsa Bosetšhaba mo tirong ya tsela ya go tsamaisa diphologolo. [7]

Maemo a Bosa

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Maemo a bosa kwa Kalahari a ka nna maswe thata. January ke paka ya selemo mo borwa jwa Afrika, mme gantsi dithemperetšha tsa motshegare di feta 40 °C (104 °F). Maitseboa a mariga a ka nna tsididi thata, ka dithemperetšha tse di kwa tlase ga boswakgapetla. Go ile ga begwa dithemperetšha tse di feteletseng tsa -11 °C (12 °F) le go fitlha go 45 °C (113 °F). Pula ga e ne thata mo lefelong leno la sekaka. [8]

Dikago

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Kampa ya Twee Rivieren

Phaka eno sa diphologolo se na le mafelo a mararo a bajanala ba a tlwaetseng a a bidiwang "dikampa tsa boikhutso". Tseno ke dihotele tse di nang le dilo tsotlhe tse di tlhokegang mme di na le dilo tse di jaaka setsidifatsi, mabenkele le matamo a go thuma. Gape go na le dikampa di le thataro tsa naga mo parakeng eno. Dikampa tsa kwa sekakeng di tlamela fela ka bonno le metsi a go tlhapa; baeti ba tshwanetse go ba tlamela ka dijo, metsi a go nwa le dikgong. [9]

Baeng

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Go tloga ka kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola gangwe,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ele masome a mararo le bongwe,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018), phaka e amogetse baeng ba le 52 463, go tswa go 48 221 mo ngwageng o o fetileng. [10]

Ditso

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Kalahari Gemsbok National Park mo Afrika Borwa e ne ya tlhomiwa ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e le masome a mararo le bongwe ngwaga wa selete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bongwe (1931)segolo go sireletsa diphologolo tse di fudugang, segolo gemsbok, go tswa go tsomeng ka bokukuntshwane. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le borobabobedi (1948) go ne ga dirwa tumalano e e seng ya semolao ya molomo fa gare ga Puso ya ka nako eo ya Bechuanaland le Union of South Africa ya go tlhoma lefelo la tshireletso mo mafelong a a bapileng a dinaga tseno tse pedi. Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bobedi ( 1992), baemedi ba South African National Parks Board (e jaanong e leng SANParks) le Lephata la diphologolo le makgabisa naga la Botswana ba ne ba tlhoma komiti e e kopanetsweng ya botsamaisi go laola lefelo leno jaaka lefelo le le lengwe fela la tikologo. Go ne ga kwalwa leano la tsamaiso, la sekasekwa le go amogelwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa (1997). Matlhakore ano a ne a dumalana go dirisana mmogo mo go tsa bojanala le go abelana ka go lekana madi a go tsena mo parakeng. Ka kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola ga supa,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe( 1999), Botswana le Aforika Borwa ba ne ba saena tumalano ya histori ya dinaga tse pedi e mo go yone dinaga tseno ka bobedi di neng tsa ikana go laola diphaka tsa tsone tsa bosetšhaba tse di bapileng, Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Gemsbok kwa Botswana le Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Kalahari Gemsbok kwa Aforika Borwa e le karolo e le nngwe ya tikologo. Molelwane o o fa gare ga diparaka tseno tse pedi o ne o se na dikgoreletsi tsa mmatota, le fa gone e le molelwane wa boditšhabatšhaba fa gare gamafatshe a mabedi . Seno se ne sa dira gore diphologolo di kgone go tsamaya ka kgololesego. Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le lesome le bobedi ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi , Tautona Festus Mogae wa Botswana leTautina Thabo Mbeki wa Aforika Borwa ba ne ba simolola semmuso phaka ya ntlha ya kagiso ya Aforika Borwa, Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park.[11]

Tshomarelo ya setso le go tlhomiwa ga ! Ntlo ya Baeng ya Xaus

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Ka Diphalane 2002, dipuso di ne tsa beela thoko 580 km2 (224 mi2) gore di dirisiwe ke batho ba ba tlholegileng koo, e leng Ba-Khomani ba Ba-San le Ba-Mier. Seno se ne se kgaogantswe magareng ga 277.69 km2 ya San Heritage Land le 301.34 km2 ya Mier Heritage Land. South African National Parks (SANParks) e tsamaisa lefatshe ka konteraka. Lefelo leno le na la bidiwa ! Ee! Serapa sa Ngwao-Boswa sa Hai. [12]Tumelano ya tharabololo gape e ne e tlamela gore baagi ba amogele madi ka maikaelelo a a rileng a go aga lefelo la bojanala. [13]Ntlo ya baeng e ne ya bidiwa! Xaus Lodge (e e rayang 'pelo' ka puo ya selegae) e tsamaisiwa ka kgwebo mo boemong jwa baagi ba ‡Khomani San le Mier ke Transfrontier Parks Destinations. [14]

! Go nna teng ga Xaus Lodge go letla ditlwaelo tsa setso sa Ba-Khomani San go tswelela ka ditsela di le mmalwa. Motsana wa setso gaufi le Lodge o letla batho ba selegae go dira le go rekisa ditiro tsa diatla tsa bone. [15]Se ke tsela ya bone ya go etsa le go gakologelwa ngwao ya setso sa bogologolo sa Ba-Khomani, le tsela ya bone ya go tlhalosa diphetogo mo ngwaong eo. Go ! Ee! Hai Heritage Park gape e ne ya bidiwa International Dark Sky Sanctuary ya ntlha mo Afrika ke International Dark Sky Association. [16]

Fracking

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Ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano2, go ne ga begwa mo metsweding ya tshedimosetso gore puso ya Botswana e rekisitse ditshwanelo tsa go epa gase ya shale mo Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park ka tidimalo. Dipegelo di ne tsa re e ne ya rebola dilaesense tsa go epa tsa disekwerekilometara di le 29,291 (2,929,100 ha), disekwerekilometara di le 34,435 (3,443,500 ha) le disekwerekilometara di le 23,980 (2,398,000 ha)  ⁇  go feta halofo ya karolo ya Botswana ya phaka  ⁇  go khampani e e kwadisitsweng kwa United Kingdom e e bidiwang "Nodding Donkey". Ka nako eo go ne go se na pego epe e e neng e bontsha gore go rekisiwa dilo tseno. Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015), kompone e ne ya fetola leina la yona go nna "Karoo Energy".[17]Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro (2016), Lefapha la Tikologo, Diphologolo tsa Naga le Bojanala la Botswana le ne la ganetsa dipego tseno ka go re, "Ga go na dilaesense tsa go epa mo KTP" mme "ga go na maikaelelo a go ntsha ditetla dipe tsa go epa mo KTP kgotsa kwa parakeng epe ya bosetšhaba kgotsa kwa lefelong la bosetšhaba la diphologolo gongwe le gongwe mo Botswana". [3]

Metswedi

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  1. ↑ "Natural & Cultural History". South African National Parks. SANParks. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  2. ↑ Barbee, Jeffrey. "Botswana sells fracking rights in national park". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
  3. 1 2 African News Agency: Botswana dismisses reports of fracking rights in pristine Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park Mining Weekly
  4. ↑ Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park | nature conservation area, Africa". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-05-20.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Observations - iNaturalist (Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park)". iNaturalist.org. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
  6. ↑ IUCN Cat Specialist Group (2006). Conservation Strategy for the Lion Panthera leo in Eastern and Southern Africa. IUCN, Pretoria, South Africa.
  7. ↑ Project Appraisal Document on a Proposed Grant from the Global Environment Facility Trust Fund to the Republic of Botswana for a Northern Botswana Human Wildlife Coexistence Project (PDF) (Report). World Bank. 26 October 2009. pp. 23–24, 62.
  8. ↑ Adventures in Wildlife Photography" (PDF). Anima Mundi (39). 10 July 2020.
  9. ↑ Wilderness camps". South African National Parks. SANParks. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  10. ↑ "South African National Parks - Annual Report 2017/2018" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-11-01. Retrieved 2019-02-20.
  11. ↑ "About Kgalagadi". Peace Parks Foundation. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  12. ↑ Cultural Village". Xaus Lodge. Transfrontier Parks Destinations. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  13. ↑ "AeHai Heritage park agreement". Xaus Lodge. Transfrontier Parks Destinations. Archived from the original on 28 June 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  14. ↑ "Cultural Village". www.xauslodge.co.za. Archived from the original on 2016-08-17. Retrieved 2017-05-26.
  15. ↑ Cultural Village". Xaus Lodge. Transfrontier Parks Destinations. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  16. ↑ "Aehai Kalahari Heritage Park South Africa". International Dark Sky Association. IDA. Archived from the original on 4 May 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  17. ↑ Jeff Barbee: Botswana sells fracking rights in national park Guardian, 2 December 2015.
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