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Kgari Sechele II

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Kgari Sechele II
Kgosi ya Bakwena
PredecessorSebele II
SuccessorNeale Sechele
Tsalo1904
LesoLwetse a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa 1962
RraagweSechele II

Kgari Kealeboga Sechele II (1904 - Lwetse a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa 1962) e ne e le kgosi ya Bakwena mo Bechuanaland Protectorate (mo e leng Botswana gompieno) go tswa ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mararo le motso(1931) go fitlhelela a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le bobedi(1962). O tlhomilwe mo maemong ao ke puso ya bokolone ya Britain morago ga go tlosa mogolowe Sebele II mo setilong.

Bakwena ba ne ba bona Kgari e se mojaboswa o o tshwanetseng, se sa baka gore a buse a gagamaditse gore a nne mo taolong. O ne a ikaegile thata ka puso ya bokolone gore a tswelele a le mo maemong, mo go neng ga ama seemo sa gagwe. Go itsege ga gagwe go ne ga oketsega ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo (1930) morago ga loso lwa yo a neng amo tlhatlhama, a nna mogaka wa ntwa morago ga go nna mongwe wa sesole sa ma Aforika a a neng a lwa ntwa ya bobedi ya mafatshe. Go ne ga nna le kgogakgogano ya neelano bogosi morago ga go tlhokafala ga ga Kgari go fitlhelela puso ya bokolone e tlhopha monnawe Neale Sechele go nna kgosi.

Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana le go bewa kgosi

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Kgosi Kealeboga Sechele[1] o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le bone(1904).[2] E ne e le ngwana wa botlhano wa ga Sechele II, o e neng e le kgosi ya Bakwena.[3] Kgari o ne a le mo tlhokomelong ya ga malomaagwe ebong Moitelasilo, o o mo rutileng ka polotiki ya bogosi kwa kgotleng.[4] Mothusa molaodi A.G Stigand o ne a mo kopela thuso ya madi a sekolo ka ngwaga wa 1929[5], Kgari a ya sekolong kwa Aforika Borwa go ithuta kwa St. Mathews College.[4] Kgari o ne a ratiwa ke puso ya bokolone ya Britain, ba mmona a tshwanela go nna kgosi go gaisa batsalwa le ene.[4][5] Lefa go ntse jalo, mogolowe Kgari ebong Sebele II o ne a tlhatlhama rraabone go nna kgosi.[3]

Puso ya bokolone e ne ya tlosa Sebele II mo maemong a gagwe a bogosi jwa Bakwena ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mararo le motso (1931), fa Kgari a le kwa Aforika Borwa.[6] Babusi ba ne ba bona mogolowe Kgari ebong Mosarwa a sa nonofa go ka busa, gape o ne a sena kgatlhego ya go busa, ka jalo babusi ba ne ba tlhopha Kgari go nna kgosi e e latelang.[4] O ne a tlhomamisiwa ka Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 1931. Ka maiteko a go mo direla tshwanelo, babusi ba ne ba dira gore e ne e kete o tlhophilwe ke setšhaba.[1]

Babusi ba ne ba tsaya tshwetso ya gore Kgari a nne kgosi e e feletseng eseng motshwarelela bogosi fela, le ntswa e ne e se ene o o latelang mo neelanong.[4][7] Moletlo o ne wa tshwarwa go mo tlhoma go nna kgosi ka Lwetse a rogwa ngwaga wa 1931.[7] Mo moletlong oo, bo malomaagwe ba ne ba mo apesa letlalo la nkwe mo magetleng - tlotla e gantsi e beelwang mojaboswa fela, selo se ne sa šhakgatsa morafe.[4] Batho ba ba neng ba tseneletse moletlo ba ne ba ema, selo se babusi ba neng ba re ke go supa kemo nokeng ya go busa ga gagwe eseng go supa ngongora. Tiragalo e nngwe e ne ya diragala fa mogolwane mo motseng, Kgosimang a neng a gwetlha go boa ga ga Sebele, mme morafe wa mo iteela lošalaba, le ntswa go ne go na le molao wa gore go seka ga buiwa ka Sebele II.[8] Go tlhomamisiwa ga ga Kgari go ne ga ganediwa ke Bakwena le dikgosi tse dingwe tsa Batswana.[1]

Kgosi ya Bakwena

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Ka dingwaga tsa 1930

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Mo dingwageng tsa 1930, Bakwena ba ne ba sa amane gope le Kgari, ka jalo ditaelo tsa gagwe di ne di sa tsewe tsia.[9][10] Go gana go bua ka go kobiwa ga ga Sebele go ne ga gatelela go ganediwa ga gagwe.[8] Ka Kgari a ne a sena kemo nokeng e e kalo, o ne a nna moeteledipele o o bogale a leka go gatelela puso ya gagwe.[1] O ne a tlhopha bagakolodi mo setlhopheng sa baema nokeng ba gagwe, mme bagakolodi ba gagwe ba ne ba fokotsega ka dipalo mo dingwageng tse di latelang go fitlhelela a busa a le nosi.[11] Barutabana, baeteledipele ba dikereke, bagogi ba motse le ope fela o a neng a sa mo eme nokeng ba ne ba latlhegelwa ke maemo a bone, ebile dinako tse dingwe ba lopiwa madi kgotsa ba isiwa kgolegelong.[10] Ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mararo le boraro (1933), batho ba Molepolole ba ne ba isa kopo go nna kgatlhanong le go tlhomamisiwa ga ga Kgari ke babusi ba bokolone, e e neng ya bewa monwana ke ditlhogo tsa malwapa otlhe, di ka nna sekete le makgolo a mane.[10] Se e ne e le lantlha se diragala, ka dikganetso tsa ga Sebele II di ne di seke di feta menwana e le masome mabedi le botlhano.[10]

Kgari o ne a utlwana thata le puso ya bokolone, ka a ne a ikaegile ka yone go nna mo pusong.[11][2] Molaodi Rey o ne a dumela gore dikopo tsa gangwe le gape tsa ga Kgari tsa go baakanya mathata di ne di mo nyenyafatsa le go gaisa mo matlhong a batho.[12] go oketsa taolo ya ga Kgari mo morafeng, Charles Rey o e neng e le molaodi, o ne a dirisa madi go tswa mo letloleng la Bakwena go agela Kgari lelwapa fa gare ga makgamu a mabedi a Bakwena, go dikologa Molepolole: lekgamu le le kwa Ntsweng le le le kwa Borakalalo. O ne a solofela gore se se tla dira gore ba kopane, mme go ne ga dira gore Kgari a nne mo ema nosi mo makgamung oo mabedi.[13] Fa Kgari a ne a fudusa toropokgolo ya Bakwena go tswa kwa Ntsweng ka dingwaga tsa 1930 di ya fifing, o ne a kopa thuso ya sepodisi a kolone go fudusa Bakwena ba ba pateletsa.[11][14]

Kgari o kile a lebanwa ke melato ya go tlhoka go itshwara sentle mo go tsa tlhakanelo dikobo ka nako ya puso ya gagwe, e akaretsa go leka go dirisa Angelina Mmopi dikgoka ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mararo le borataro (1936) le go raela Eurice Kraai ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane (1940.)[15] Fa a le kgosi, o ne a diragatsa molao ka dingwaga tsa 1930 wa go neela basadi ba ba sa nyalwang mme ba itsholofetse, dikgomo di robabobedi.[16] E ne e le mongwe wa magosi a Batswana a a neng a eletsa go boela morago go fuduga ga Batswana ba ya go bereka kwa Aforika Borwa, ba tshaba gore phudugo ya babereki e tlaa tlogela lefatshe le palelwa ke go itirela.[17] Fa Sebele II a ne a batla go tlogela maemo a gagwe a bogosi semmuso go na le go kobiwa ka 1938, Kgari o ne a gana, a tshaba se go nna teng ga ga Sebele go ka se dirang mo pusong ya gagwe.[14] Kgari o ne a simolola go ratega ka dingwaga tsa 1930 di ya fifing, bogolo jang morago ga loso lwa ga Sebele II ka 1939, lo lo neng lwa fedisa se se neng se kgoreletsa puso ya ga Kgari.[9]

Ntwa ya bobedi ya mafatshe le dingwaga tsa morago

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Kgari o ne a nna leloko la masole a Aforika a a neng a ya go lwa kwa ntweng ya bobedi ya mafatshe ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mane le motso (1941), a diragatsa ngwao ya go ya ntweng ga magosi, e le maiteko a go supa nonofo ya gagwe. Se se ne sa tokafatsa ka fa a neng a bonwa ka teng mo bathong, le go supa go tlhoka kemo nokeng mo ntweng go ne ga tokafatsa seemo sa gagwe mo pusong ya bokolone. O ne a tlhatlhosiwa maemo morago ga go kwalela molaodi lokwalo a kopa maemo ao mo boemong jwa go thapa masole go tswa mo morafeng wa gagwe. Dipolelo di ne di le teng ka fa a dirileng ka teng kwa ntweng, o ne a nna mogaka wa ntwa mo Batswaneng. Polelo nngwe e bua fa mophato wa ba ba kgatlhanong o ne wa tlhasela tante e a neng a robetse mo go yone, mme a tswa a sa gobala. A eletsa go supa botlhokwa jwa gagwe, Kgari o ne a leka go dirisa kgosana ya gagwe gore a gwetlhe gore a boe, mme se se ne sa seka sa diragala, a nna kwa ntweng go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mane le botlhano (1945).

Le ntswa kganetso ya puso ya gagwe e ne e kokobetse kwa bofelelong jwa ntwa, Kgari o ne a tswelela a gagamatsa bogale jwa gagwe mo morafeng. O ne a tsenelela go tlhomamisiwa semmuso ga ga mma Mosadinyana Queen Elizabeth II ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a matlhano le boraro (1953), kwa a neng a emetse Bechuanaland Protectorate, a nna le kgotlhang e e neng e sa tlwaelesega le babusi ba kolone ngwaga one oo fa a ne a file batshabi ba Aforika Borwa botshabelo. Kwa bofelelong jwa puso ya gagwe, Kgari o ne a okametse go agiwa ga dikago di le mmalwa, di akaretsa sepatela sa kereke ka 1931, Sekolo sa Bakwena ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mararo le borobabobedi (1938), khansele ka 1945 le sekolo se segolwane ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a matlhano le borobabongwe (1959). O ne a tlhokometse gape go baakanngwa ga kereke ya London Missionary Society ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a matlhano le bosupa (1957). Mme mo letlhakoreng le lengwe, o ne a senyakaka motse wa Ntsweng, a tlogela ofisi ya Bakwena National Office fela.

Loso le go tlhatlhamiwa

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Kgari o ne a supa ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mane le robabongwe (1949) gore o ka nna a ithola marapo, a supa gore a tlhatlhamiwe ke setlogolo sa gagwe Bonewamang Padi Sechele, mme morafe wa gagwe o ne wa gatelela gore a seka a dira jalo. O ne a bolelela Bonewamang gape ka go mo tlhatlhama ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a matlhano le bone (1954) fa a ne a na le mathata a lenyalo. Kgari o ne a tlhwaafalela go batla go ithola marapo ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bobedi (1962) fa diphathi tsa sepolotiki di ne di simolola go nna teng mo Bechuanaland Protectorate. O ne a tsaya loeto go ya Swaziland, kwa go bolelwang a ne a reka tshimo teng. Kgari o ne a tlhokafalela koo ka Lwetse a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa 1962.

Mo botshelong jwa ga Kgari, o ne a akanyetsa gore o tlaa nna kgosi ya bofelo ya Bakwena. Ka a ne a sena bana, loso lwa gagwe lo ne lwa baka dikgoberego mo lenaneong la bogosi. Maloko a mabedi a lolwapa ebong Moruakgomo o e neng e le morwa Sebele II, le Bonewamang o e neng e le morwa Padi, mogolowe SebeleII le mogolowa Kgari Padi ba ne ba lwela bogosi. Kenalekgosi o ne a nna kgosi fa e santse kgotlhang e rarabololwa. Kgotlatshekelo e ne ya laola gore monnawe Kgari ebong Neale Sechele, e tlaa nna kgosi le ntswa e se ene a latelang mo lenaneong la bogosi, o ne a tlhomamisiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le boraro(1963).

Metswedi

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  1. 1 2 3 4 Mbuya, Titus (1999). "Legitimacy and Succession in Tswana States: The Case of BaKwena, 1930-1963". Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies. 13 (1): 61–76.
  2. 1 2 Morton, Barry; Ramsay, Jeff (2018). Historical Dictionary of Botswana (5th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-1133-8.
  3. 1 2 Williamson, David (1977). Burke's Royal Families of the World. Vol. II: Africa & the Middle East. Burke's Peerage. ISBN 978-0-85011-029-6.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mbuya, Titus (1999). "Legitimacy and Succession in Tswana States: The Case of BaKwena, 1930-1963". Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies. 13 (1): 61–76.
  5. 1 2 Ramsay, Jeff (1996). "The Fall and Decline of the Bakwena Monarchy". Botswana Notes and Records. 28: 65–86. JSTOR 40980134.
  6. ↑ Mbuya 1999, pp. 66–67
  7. 1 2 Ramsay 1996, p. 73.
  8. 1 2 Ramsay 1996, p. 70.
  9. 1 2 Mbuya 1999, p. 70.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Ramsay 1996, p. 74.
  11. 1 2 3 Mbuya 1999, p. 69.
  12. ↑ Mbuya 1999, pp. 69–70.
  13. ↑ Ramsay 1996, pp. 73–74.
  14. 1 2 Ramsay 1996, p. 76.
  15. ↑ Mbuya 1999, p. 66
  16. ↑ Griffiths, Anne M. O. (1997). In the Shadow of Marriage: Gender and Justice in an African Community. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-30873-9.
  17. ↑ Griffiths 1997, p. 20.
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