Kgotlelego ya metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe

Kgotlelego ya metsi a kafa tlase ga lefatshe kwa Lusaka, kwa Zambia, koo ntlwana ya boithomelo ya mokoti e e kwa morago e kgotlelang sediba se se seng boteng se se kwa pele ka megare le nitrate.

Kgotlelego ya metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe (e gape e bidiwang kgotlelo ya metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe) e diragala fa dikgotleledi di ntshetswa mo mmung mme di tsena mo metsing a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe. Mofuta ono wa kgotlelo ya metsi o ka diragala gape ka tlhago ka ntlha ya go nna teng ga karolo e nnye e e sa batlegeng, kgotlelo, kgotsa leswe mo metsing a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe, mo maemong ao go ka diregang thata gore go kaiwe kgotlelo go na le kgotlelego. Kgotlelego ya metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe e ka diragala go tswa mo dithulaganyong tsa kgopo ya metsi a a leswe mo lefelong, metsi a a tswang mo lefelong la go latlhela matlakala, metsi a a tswang mo dipolante tsa go phepafatsa metsi a a leswe, diphaephe tse di dutlang, diteišene tsa go tlatsa lookwane, go thuba ga hydraulic (fracking), kgotsa go tswa mo tirisong e e feteletseng ya menontshane mo temothuong. Kgotlelego (kgotsa kgotlelo) e ka diragala gape go tswa mo dikgotlelelong tse di tlhagelelang ka tlhago, jaaka arsenic kgotsa fluoride. Go dirisa metsi a a kgotletsweng a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe go baka dikotsi mo botsogong jwa setšhaba ka go tsenya botlhole kgotsa go anama ga malwetse (malwetse a a tshelanwang ka metsi).

Sekgotledi gantsi se ntsha plume ya kgotlelego mo teng ga aquifer. Motsamao wa metsi le go gasagama mo teng ga aquifer go anamisa kgotlelo mo lefelong le le bulegileng. Molelwane wa yone o o tswelelang pele, o gantsi o bidiwang molelwane wa plume, o ka kopana le didiba tsa metsi a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe le metsi a a kwa godimo, a a tshwanang le dikedi le metswedi, mme seno se dira gore metsi a se ka a babalesega mo bathong le mo diphologolong tsa naga. Motsamao wa plume, o o bidiwang plume front, o ka sekasekwa ka sekao sa dipalangwa tsa thuto ya metsi kgotsa sekao sa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe. Tshekatsheko ya kgotlelo ya metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe e ka tsepamisa mogopolo mo dipharologanong tsa mmu le thutafatshe ya lefelo, thutafatshe ya metsi, thutafatshe ya metsi, le mofuta wa dikgotledi. Mekgwa e e farologaneng e na le tlhotlheletso mo ditsamaising tsa dikgotledi, sekai phatlalatso, go monya, go na ga pula, go bola, mo metsing a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe.

Tirisanommogo ya kgotlelo ya metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe le metsi a a kwa godimo e sekasekwa ka tiriso ya dikai tsa dipalangwa tsa thuto ya metsi. Ditirisano magareng ga metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe le metsi a a fa godimo ga lefatshe di raraane. Sekai, dinoka le makadiba a le mantsi di fepiwa ke metsi a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe. Se se raya gore tshenyo ya di-aquifer tsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe sekai ka go thuba kgotsa go ntsha go feta selekanyo, ka jalo e ka ama dinoka le makadiba a a ikaegileng ka yone. Go tsena ga metsi a letswai mo di-aquifer tsa lebopo ke sekai sa ditirisano tse di ntseng jalo. Mekgwa ya thibelo e akaretsa: go dirisa molawana wa tlhokomelo, go ela tlhoko boleng jwa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe, go aroganya naga go sireletsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe, go bona dithulaganyo tsa kgopo ya metsi a a leswe mo lefelong ka tshwanelo le go dirisa molao. Fa kgotlelo e diragetse, mekgwa ya taolo e akaretsa go phepafatsa metsi kwa lefelong la tiriso, paakanyo ya metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe, kgotsa ka tsela ya bofelo, go a tlogela.