Jump to content

Kgotlholo e tona/Bolwetsi jwa mafatlha

Fetola dikgolaganyo
Go tswa ko Wikipedia
Tuberculosis
Maina a mangweKoch's disease,[1] phthisis, phthisis pulmonalis, consumption
Chest X-ray of a person with advanced tuberculosis: Infection in both lungs is marked by white arrow-heads, and the formation of a cavity is marked by black arrows.
SpecialtyInfectious disease, pulmonology
DikaiChronic cough, fever, cough with bloody mucus, weight loss[2]
CausesMycobacterium tuberculosis[2]
Risk factorsSmoking, HIV/AIDS[2]
Diagnostic methodCXR, culture, tuberculin skin test[2]
Differential diagnosisPneumonia, histoplasmosis, sarcoidosis, coccidioidomycosis[3]
PreventionScreening those at high risk, treatment of those infected, vaccination with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)[4][5][6]
TreatmentAntibiotics[2]
Frequency25% of people (latent TB)[7]
Deaths1.5 million (2018)[8]

Bolwetse jwa mafatlha ( TB ) ke bolwetse jo bo tshelanwang jo gantsi bo bakiwang ke mogare waMycobacterium tuberculosis ( MTB ).[2] Bolwetse jwa mafatlha ka kakaretso bo ama mafatlha, mme bo ka ama gape le dikarolo tse dingwe tsa mmele.[2] Bontsi jwa Meg are ga e ga e bontshe dikai dipe,mme mo lebakeng leo e itsege jaaka bolwetse jwa mafatlha jo bo fitlhegileng.[2] Palo e ka tshwarang 10% ya megare tse di fitlhegileng di tswelela go nna bolwetse jo bo matlhagatlhaga jo, fa bo tlogelwa bo sa alafiwe, bo bolayang mo e ka nnang Sephatlo sa ba ba amegang.[2] Dikai tsa tlwaelo tsa TB tse di matlhagatlhaga ke go gotlhola mo go sa foleng mo go nang le mamina a a nang le madi, letshoroma, go fufula bosigo, le go fokotsega ga boima jwa mmele.[2] E ne e bidiwa " tiriso " mo dusting ka ntlha ya go fokotsa boima jwa mmele.[9] Tshwaetso ya dirwe tse dingwe e ka baka dikai tse di farologaneng.[10]

Bolwetse jwa mafatlha bo anamisiwa go tswa mo mothong yo mongwe go ya kwa go yo mongwe ka mowa fa batho ba ba nang le TB e e matlhagatlhaga mo mafatlheng a bona ba gotlhola, ba kgwa mathe, ba bua, kgotsa ba ethimola.[2][11] Batho ba ba nang le TB e e fitlhegileng ga ba anamise bolwetse jono.[2] Megare e e matlhagatlhaga e tlhagelela gantsi mo bathong ba ba nang le HIV/AIDS le mo go ba ba gogang.[2] Temogo ya TB e e matlhagatlhaga e ikaegile ka maranta be a X-ray ya mafatlha, mmogo le tlhatlhobo ya maekerosekopo le setso sa diedi tsa mmele.[12] Go tlhatlhoba TB e e fitlhegileng go ikaegile ka teko ya letlalo ya tuberculin (TST) kgotsa diteko tsa madi.[12]

Thibelo ya TB e akaretsa go tlhatlhoba ba ba mo kotsing e kgolo, go lemoga le go alafa dikgetse go sa le gale, le go enta ka moento wa bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG).[4][5][6] Ba ba mo kotsing e kgolo ba akaretsa batho ba ba nang le TB e e matlhagatlhaga mo malapeng, kwa tirong, le mo setšhabeng.[5] Kalafi e tlhoka tiriso ya dibolayamegare tse dintsi mo pakeng e telele.[2] Go gana dibolayamegare ke bothata jo bo golang ka dikelo tse di oketsegang tsa bolwetse jwa mafatlha jo bo sa alafegeng ka diokobatsi tse dintsi (MDR-TB) le bolwetse jwa mafatlha jo bo sa alafegeng thata ka melemo (XDR-TB).[2]

Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2018 go akanngwa gore kotara e le nngwe ya baagi ba lefatshe ba na le tshwaetsego e e fitlhegileng ya TB.[7] Megare e mesha e diragala mo go bokana ka 1% ya baagi ngwaga le ngwaga.[13] Ka ngwaga wa 2018, go ne go na le dikgetse di feta dimilione di le 10 tsa TB e e dirang e e neng ya felela ka 1.5. dintsho di le dimilione di le le some. Se se dira gore e nne selo sa ntlha se se bakang dintsho ka ntlha ya bolwetse jo bo tshelanwang.[14] Go tloga ka ngwaga we 2018, bontsi jwa dikgetse tsa TB di diragetse kwa dikgaolong tsa Borwa-Botlhaba jwa Asia (44%), Aforika (24%) le Pacific Bophirima (18%), mme go feta 50% ya dikgetse di ne tsa lemogiwa mo mafatsheng a robabobedi: India (27%), China (9%), Indonesia (8%), Philippines (6%), Pakistan (4%).[14] Palo ya dikgetsi tse diša ngwaga le ngwaga e fokotsegile fa e sale ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi.[2] Palo e e ka tshwarang 80% ya batho kwa mafatsheng ale mantis a Asia le Aforika ba tlhatlhobiwa ba na le mogare fa 5–10% ya batho ba baagi ba United States ba tlhatlhobiwa ka tlhatlhobo ya tuberculin.[15] Bolwetse jwa mafatlha bo ntse bo le teng mo bathong go tloga bogologolo tala.[16]

Ditshupiso

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
  1. ↑ "Tuberculosis (Concept Id: C0041296) - MedGen - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (in Sekgoa). Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2025.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 "Tuberculosis (TB)". www.who.int (in Sekgoa). Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 2020-05-08.
  3. ↑ Ferri, Fred F. (2010). Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Mosby. p. Chapter T. ISBN 978-0-323-07699-9.
  4. 1 2 Hawn TR, Day TA, Scriba TJ, Hatherill M, Hanekom WA, Evans TG, et al. (December 2014). "Tuberculosis vaccines and prevention of infection". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 78 (4): 650–71. doi:10.1128/MMBR.00021-14. PMC 4248657. PMID 25428938.
  5. 1 2 3 Organization, World Health (2008). Implementing the WHO Stop TB Strategy: a handbook for national TB control programmes. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO). p. 179. ISBN 978-92-4-154667-6. Archived from the original on 2 Seetebosigo 2021. Retrieved 28 Phukwi 2020.
  6. 1 2 Harris, Randall E. (2013). Epidemiology of chronic disease: global perspectives. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 682. ISBN 978-0-7637-8047-0. {{cite book}}: External link in |ref= (help)
  7. 1 2 "Tuberculosis (TB)". World Health Organization (WHO). 16 February 2018. Archived from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
  8. ↑ "Global Tuberculosis Report" (PDF). WHO. WHO. 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  9. ↑ The Chambers Dictionary. New Delhi: Allied Chambers India Ltd. 1998. p. 352. ISBN 978-81-86062-25-8. Archived from the original on 6 Lwetse 2015.
  10. ↑ Adkinson, N Franklin; Bennett, John E; Douglas, Robert Gordon; Mandell, Gerald L (2010). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases (7th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. p. Chapter 250. ISBN 978-0-443-06839-3.
  11. ↑ "Basic TB Facts". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 13 Mopitlo 2012. Archived from the original on 6 Tlhakole 2016. Retrieved 11 Tlhakole 2016.
  12. 1 2 Konstantinos A (2010). "Testing for tuberculosis". Australian Prescriber. 33 (1): 12–18. doi:10.18773/austprescr.2010.005.
  13. ↑ "Tuberculosis". World Health Organization (WHO). 2002. Archived from the original on 17 Seetebosigo 2013.
  14. 1 2 "Global tuberculosis report". World Health Organization (WHO). Archived from the original on 30 October 2017. Retrieved 2017-11-09.
  15. ↑ Kumar, Vinay; Robbins, Stanley L. (2007). Robbins Basic Pathology (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-4160-2973-1. OCLC 69672074.
  16. ↑ Lawn SD, Zumla AI (July 2011). "Tuberculosis". Lancet. 378 (9785): 57–72. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62173-3. PMID 21420161. Archived from the original on 27 August 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
Retrieved from "https://tn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kgotlholo_e_tona/Bolwetsi_jwa_mafatlha&oldid=50101"