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Khuduthamaga ya go sekaseka le go tlhabolola dikakanyetso tsa Molao wa Paakanyo wa MaAforika a Amerika

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Khuduthamaga ya go sekaseka le go tlhabolola dikakanyetso tsa Molao wa Paakanyo wa MaAforika a Amerika, ke Molao wa Congress kwa Amerika o o tlhagisitsweng ka 1989 ke Rep. John Conyers. Molao o ikaelela go tlhama khuduthamaga e e tla sekasekang bomolemo jwa go tlhagisa dipusetso kwa Maaforika a Amerika ka ntlha ya bokgoba jwa Amerika. Motshegetsi wa bosheng wa molao ono e ne e le Moemedi Ayanna Pressley, ka Firikgong a le gararo, 2025, kwa Congress ya bo lekgolo le lesome le boferabongwe.[1] Molaokakanyetso o o ne akanyeditswe pele ke Sheila Jackson Lee ka Firikgong 2023 pele ga loso lwa gagwe ka 2024.[2]

Conyers o ne a tlhagisa molao ono ka 1989, mme a o tlhagisa ka go latelana mo Congress nngwe le nngwe go fitlha a rola tiro mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le masome a mararo moragonyana.

Juneteenth 2019 e ne ya bona Komitipotlana ya Boatlhodi ya Ntlo ya Molaotheo, Ditshwanelo tsa Setshaba, le Dikgololesego tsa Baagi e tshwara theetso ka ga kgang e, mo go se se neng se bonwa e le kopano e e sa tlwaelegang, ka ntlha ya puisano e e fetileng ya dipusetso mo lefelong leo e e neng ya diragala ka 2007, "ngwaga o le mongwe pele ga ditlhopho tsa tautona wa ntlha wa motho montsho".[3]

Rep. Conyers o tlhokafetse ka Phalane 2019, a tshegeditse Molao ono mo kopanong nngwe le nngwe ya Lekgotla la Peomolao go tloga ka 1989 go fitlha ka 2017. Palo ya "masome mane" e kaya "tsholofetso e e sa diragadiwang" e United States "e neng ya e dira go makgoba a a golotsweng: gore morago ga Ntwa ya Selegae, ba tla bona diekere di le masome a mane le mmoulo".[4]

Cory Booker ke motshegetsi wa molaokakanyetso o o patang wa Senate. Motsamaisa dipuisanyo wa Democratic House Nancy Pelosi a supa tshegetso ya H.R. 40.[5] Bontsi jwa batlhophi ba Democratic ba 2020 ba ne ba supile tshegetso ya bone.[6]

Ka Moranang wa 2021, molaokakanyetso o o ne wa feta komiti e le lekgetlho la ntlha mo ditsong tsa one, o leba kwa House floo go ya go tshwaiwa le go tlhophiwa.[7][8]

Molaokakanyetso, o o neng wa akanyediwa la ntlha ka 1989 ke Rep. John Conyers, Jr. (Moemedi wa pele wa U.S. wa Michigan) o o neng o kopa gore go tlhomiwe Khuduthamaga go ithuta le go romela pego ya semmuso kwa Congress le kwa bathong ba Amerika ka diphitlhelelo tsa yone le dikgakololo ka ga dikalafi le dikakanyetso tsa pusetso tsa Maaforika-Amerika, ka ntlha ya seo,

  1. motheo wa bokgoba...o o neng o akaretsa dipuso tsa Bosetshaba le tsa Dikgaolo tse di neng di...tshegetsa motheo sa bokgoba
  2. kgethololo ya molao le ya mmantota kgatlhanong le makgoba a a golotsweng le ditlogolwana tsa bone go tloga kwa bokhutlong jwa Ntwa ya Selegae go fitlha gompieno...
  3. ditlamorago tse di sa siamang tse di sa feleng tsa motheo wa bokgoba...
  4. mokgwa o ka one didirisiwa le maranyane a tsa thuto tsa mokwalo tse di dirisiwang go ganetsa go tlhoka setho ga bokgoba le bosenyi kgatlhanong le setho jwa batho ba ba tswang kwa Aforika...
  5. seabe sa Bokone mo motheong wa bokgoba jwa kwa Borwa
  6. mosola o o tlhamaletseng mo metheong ya setshaba, tsa puso le tse di ikemetseng, go akaretsa thuto e kgolwane, dikoporase, tsa bodumedi le tsa mekgatlho
  7. mme ka jalo, go akantsha ditsela tse di maleba tsa go ruta setshaba sa Amerika ka diphitlhelelo tsa Khuduthamaga .
  8. mme ka jalo, go akanyetsa ditlharabololo tse di maleba go akanyediwa diphitlhelelo tsa Khuduthamaga..."[9]

Dinopolo tsa molaokakanyetso

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
  • (a) Diphitlhelelo.—Congress e lemogile gore—

(1) MaAforika a ka nna didikadike di le nne le ditlogolwana tsa bone ba ne ba dirwa makgoba kwa United States le kwa dikoloning tse di neng tsa nna United States go tloga ka 1619 go ya go 1865;

(2) Motheo wa bokgoba o ne wa dumelelwa ke Puso ya United States go ya ka molaotheo le ka molao go tloga ka 1789 go fitlha ka 1865;

(3) bokgoba jo bo neng jwa atlega kwa United States bo ne bo dira go amogwa botshelo jwa MaAforika, kgololesego, ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa go nna baagi ba Aforika le boswa jwa setso, mme bo ne bo ba amoga maungo a tiro ya bone;

(4) bontsi jwa mekwalo ya bosupi tsa barutegi, tsa semolao, tsa baagi le ditshupo tsa setso se se tlwaelesegileng di bopa motheo wa dipatlisiso ka ditlamorago tse di tswelelang tsa motheo wa bokgoba le boswa jwa one jwa dibopego tse di tswelelang tsa thulaganyo tsa kgethololo mo bathong ba ba tshelang ba MaAforika-Amerika le mo setshabeng kwa United States; le

(5) morago ga go fedisiwa ga bokgoba Puso ya United States, mo maemong a Federal, State, le a selegae, e ne ya tswelela go tsweledisa, go amogela le go bona dipoelo gantsi mo mekgweng e e neng e tswelela go sotlaka le go utlwisa Maaforika-Amerika botlhoko, go akaretsa le go lema ga motlhakanelwa , go hira batho ba ba bonweng molato, Jim Crow, go dira gore go nne le thuto e e sa lekalekaneng, le go se tsewe sente mo maphateng a molao; le

(6) ka ntlha ya go tlhaolwa ga batho mo go diragetseng mo nakong e e fetileng le mo go tsweletseng, MaAforika a Amerika a tswelela ka go boga ka ntlha ya mathata a itsholelo, thuto le botsogo go akaretsa mme go sa felele fela mo go; go nna le batho ba bantsho ba ka tshwarang sedikadike ba ba tsentsweng mo kgolegelong; selekanyo sa go tlhokatiro se se fetang gabedi sa selekanyo sa go tlhokatiro ga basweu ba ga jaana; le palogare ya ka fa tlase ga 1⁄16 ya khumo ya malapa a basweu, pharologano e e ileng ya nna maswe le go feta, e seng go tokafala fa nako e ntse e tsamaya. [9]

  • Maikaelelo. Maikaelelo a Molao ono ke go tlhoma Khuduthamaga go ithuta le go tlhabolola dikakanyetso tsa go puseletso batho ba MaAforika a Amerika ka ntlha ya—

(1) Motheo wa bokgoba, o o akaretsang "kgwebo" ya kwa moseja ga lewatle la Atlantic le ya mo gae e e neng ya nna teng go tloga ka 1565 kwa koloneng ya Florida le go tloga ka 1619 go fitlha ka 1865 mo dikoloneng tse dingwe tse di neng tsa nna United States, mme e e neng e akaretsa dipuso tsa Federal le tsa Puso tse di neng di tshegetsa motheo wa bokgoba go ya ka molaotheo le ka molao;

(2) go tlhaolwa ka molao le ka boammaaruri ga makgoba a a golotsweng le ditlogolwana tsa bone go tloga kwa bokhutlong jwa Ntwa ya Selegae go fitlha jaanong, go akaretsa go tlhaolwa ka tsela ya itsholelo, ya sepolotiki, ya thuto le ya loago;

(3) ditlamorago tse di sa itumediseng tsa bokgoba le go tlhaolwa mo go tlhalositsweng mo ditemaneng (ya ntlha) le (ya bobedi) mo bathong ba MaAfrika a Amerika ba ba tshelang le mo setshabeng sa United States;

(4) mokgwa o maranyane le metswedi ya tshedimosetso e e kwadilweng le e e dirisiwang mo didirisiweng tsa maranyane e dirisiwang go ganetsa bosetlhogo jwa bokgoba le bokebekwa jo bo kgatlhanong le setho jo bo dirwang ke batho ba ditso tsa Seaforika kwa United States;

(5) seabe sa bokopano jwa Bokone mo thulaganyong ya bokgoba e e theilweng kwa Borwa;

(6) mesola e e tlhamaletseng mo metheong ya setshaba, tsa setshaba le tse di ikemetseng, go akaretsa thuto e e kwa godimo, dikoporasi, tsa bodumedi le tsa mekgatlho;

(7) mme ka jalo, go akantsha ditsela tse di tshwanetseng tsa go ruta setshaba sa Amerika ka diphitlhelelo tsa Khuduthamaga;

(8) mme ka jalo, go akantsha ditsela tse di maleba tsa go rarabolola mathata go lebilwe diphitlhelelo tsa Khuduthamaga mo mererong e e tlhalositsweng mo dikarolong tsa (ya ntlha), (ya bobedi), (ya boraro), (ya bone), (ya botlhano) le (ya borataro); le

(9) go romela kwa Congress maduo a tlhatlhobo e e jalo, mmogo le dikgakololo tseo.[9]

Ditso tsa peomolao

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Go tloga ka Motsheganong a le lesome le boferabongwe, 2025:

Congress Setlhogo se sekhutshwane Nomoro ya Molaokakanyetso Letsatsi le e tlhagisitsweng Morotloetsi palo ya barotloetsimmogo Maemo a bosheng
101st Congress Khuduthamaga ya go sekaseka le go tlhabolola dikakanyetso tsa Molao wa Paakanyo wa MaAforika a Amerika H.R. 3745 Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi, 1989 John Conyers (D-MI) 24 O tlhokafetse mo Komiting
113th Congress H.R. 40 Firikgong a le gararo, 2013 John Conyers (D-MI) 2 O tlhokafetse mo Komiting
114th Congress H.R. 40 Firikgong a le garataro, 2015 John Conyers (D-MI) 2 O tlhokafetse mo Komiting
115th Congress Khuduthamaga ya go sekaseka le go tlhabolola dikakanyetso tsa Molao wa Paakanyo wa MaAforika a Amerika H.R. 40 Firikgong a le gararo, 2017 John Conyers (D-MI) 35 O tlhokafetse mo Komiting
116th Congress H.R. 40 Firikgong a le gararo, 2019 Sheila Jackson Lee (D-TX) 173 O tlhokafetse mo Komiting
S. 1083 Moranang a ferabongwe, 2019 Cory Booker (D-NJ) 20 O tlhokafetse mo Komiting
117th Congress H.R. 40 Firikgong a le gane, 2021 Sheila Jackson Lee (D-TX) 196 O tlhokafetse mo Komiting
S. 40 Firikgong a le masome mabedi le botlhano, 2021 Cory Booker (D-NJ) 22 O tlhokafetse mo Komiting
118th Congress H.R. 40 Firikgong a ferabongwe, 2023 Sheila Jackson Lee (D-TX) 130 O tlhokafetse mo Komiting
S. 40 Firikgong a le masome mabedi le bone, 2023 Cory Booker (D-NJ) 24 O tlhokafetse mo Komiting
119th Congress H.R. 40 Firikgong a le gararo, 2025 Ayanna Pressley (D-MA) 77 E fetiseditswe kwa Komiting ya Ntlo ya Boatlhodi

Bona gape

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
  1. ↑ Moscufo, Michela (February 12, 2025). "Reparations bill returns to Congress as Trump leads charge against racial equity in government". NBC News. E nopotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le malatsi a matlhano ka 2025.
  2. ↑ Branigin, Anne (19 June 2019). "'An Idea Whose Time Has Come': Congress Hears the Case for Reparations on Juneteenth". The Root. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a matlhano ka 2025.
  3. ↑ Lockhart, P.R. (20 June 2019). "America is having an unprecedented debate about reparations. What comes next?". Vox. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le malatsi a matlhano ka 2025.
  4. ↑ Hulett, Sarah (27 October 2019). "John Conyers, Detroiter and former dean of House of Representatives, dead at 90". Michigan Radio. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a matlhano ka 2025.
  5. ↑ "Reparations and the legacy of Rep. John Conyers". The Final Call. E nopotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo a le matlhano ka 2025.
  6. ↑ Lillis, Mike; Wong, Scott (4 April 2019). "Reparations bill wins new momentum in Congress". The Hill. E nopotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo a le malatsi a matlhano ka 2025.
  7. ↑ Rep. Jackson Lee, Sheila [D-TX-18 (2021-04-14). "Actions - H.R.40 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African Americans Act". www.congress.gov. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a matlhano ka 2025.
  8. ↑ "House Lawmakers Advance Historic Bill To Form Reparations Commission". NPR. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a matlhano ka 2025.
  9. 1 2 3 H.R.40 - Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act 115th Congress full text, pdf document  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a matlhano ka 2025.
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