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Lepero

Fetola dikgolaganyo
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Leprosy
Maina a mangweHansen disease (HD)[1]
Rash on the chest and abdomen due to leprosy
Tlhanolo
SpecialtyInfectious disease
DikaiDecreased ability to feel pain[3]
CausesMycobacterium leprae or Mycobacterium lepromatosis[4][5]
Risk factorsClose contact with a case of leprosy, living in poverty[3][6]
TreatmentMultidrug therapy[4]
MedicationRifampicin, dapsone, clofazimine[3]
Frequency127,558 (2020)[7]
Named afterGerhard Armauer Hansen[3]

Lepero, le le itsegeng gape jaaka bolwetse jwa Hansen (HD), ke seemo sa letlalo se se bakwang ke mogate wa Mycobacterium leprae kgotsa Mycobacterium lepromatosis.[4][8] Mogate o o baka tshenyo ya ditshika, tsela ya go hema, letlalo le matlho.[4] Tshenyo eno ya ditshika e ka felela ka gore motho a se ka a kgona go utlwa botlhoko, mme seno se ka dira gore motho a latlhegelwe ke dikarolo tsa dintlha tsa gagwe ka ntlha ya go gobala gangwe le gape kgotsa go tshwaetsega ka ntlha ya dintho tse di sa lemogiweng.[3] Motho yo amilweng ke lepero gape o ka nna a nna le bokoa mo mmeleng go sa bone sentle.[3] Dikaii tsa lepero di tsaya lobakeng lwa ngwaga o le mongwe go bonala kgotsa go itshupa mme mo bathong bangwe Dikai di ka tsaya dingwaga di le masome a mabedi kgotsa go feta gore di bonale.[4]

Lepero le anama fa gare ga batho, le fa go tlhokega gore batho ba kopane thata.[3][9] Palo ya batho e e ka tshwarang 95% e tsenwang ke M. leprae ga ba nne le bolwetse jono.[10] Go akanngwa gore go anama go diragala ka go gotlhola kgotsa go amana le matute a a tswang mo nkong ya motho yo o amilweng ke lepero.[9][10] Mabaka a dijini le tiro ya masole a mmele a na le seabe mo go reng motho o tshwarwa ke bolwetse jo botlhofo go le kana kang.[10][11] Lepero ga le aname ka nako ya boimana go ya kwa baneng ba ba iseng ba tsholwe, kgotsa ka go tlhakanela dikobo.[9] Lepero le bonala thata mo bathong ba ba tshelang mo lehumeng.[3] Mefuta e mebedi e megolo ya malwetse – paucibacillary le multibacillary – e farologana ka palo ya mogare wa dibakateria tse di leng teng.[3] Motho yo o nang le bolwetse jwa paucibacillary o na le dipatso tsa letlalo tse di safoleng a na le mmala o o bokoa fa motho yo o nang le bolwetse jwa multibacillary a na le mebala ya letlalo a a fetang botlhano.[3] Lepero le lemogiwa ka go bona mo go bitswang di-bacilli tse di bofefo go tlhotlhora asitigo dirisiwa maranyane a biopsy ya letlalo.[3]

Lepero le alafega ka kalafi ya melemo e mentsi.[4] Kalafi ya lepero le le nang le sebaka se sennye ke ka melemo ya dapsone, rifampicin, le clofazimine dikgwedi di le thataro.[10] Kalafi ya lepero la multibacillary e dirisa melemo e e tshwanang lebaka la dikgwedi di le lesome le bobedi.[10] Dibolayamegare tse dingwe di le mmalwa le tsone di ka dirisiwa.[3] Dikalafi tse di fiwa mahala ke Lekgotla la mafatshefatshe la Boitekanelo.[4] Batho ba ba tshwerweng ke lepero ba kgona go nna le malapa a bone ,ba tsena sekolo le go bereka.[12]

Lefatshe ka bophara, mafatshe a le lesome le borataro a na le dikgetsi tse di fetang 95%, mme 80% ya Palo yothe e diragala kwa mafatsheng a India, Brazil le Indonesia.[13] Ka ngwaga wa 2018, go ne go na le dikgetsi tsa lepero di le 209,000 lefatshe ka bophara, go tswa go dimilione di le 5.2 ka dingwaga tsa bo 1980.[14][15][16] Mo dingwageng di le masome a mabedi go tloga ka 1994 go fitlha ka 2014, batho ba le dimilione di le lesome le borataro mo lefatsheng lotlhe ba ne ba alafelwa lepero.[4] Go lemogilwe dikgetsi tse diša di le 227 558 lefatshe ka bophara ka ngwaga wa 2020.[7] Go begwa dikgetsi di ka nna makgolo a mabedi ka ngwaga kwa lefatsheng la United States.[17] Kwa lefatsheng la USA, 90% ya dikgetsi di tswa kwa ntle mme kwa Hawaii le kwa setlhaketlhake ng sa borwabotlhaba dikgetsi di ka bonwa mo lefelong la gaeno.[13]

Bolwetse jwa lepero bo amile batho sebaka sa diketekete tsa dingwaga.[3] Bolwetse jono bo tsere leina la jone go tswa mo lefokong la Segerika la Thempoleite:Lang-grc ( léprā ), go tswa mo Thempoleite:Lang-grc ( lepís ; "sekale"), fa lereo "bolwetse jwa ga Hansen" le reeletswe ka ngaka go tswa lefatsheng la Norway e bong Gerhard Armauer Hansen.[3] Bolwetse jwa lepero bo ntse bo amanngwa le go tlhoka maitseo mo setšhabeng, jo bo tswelelang go nna sekgoreletsi mo go ipegeleng le mo go alafeng go sa le nako.[4] Go kgaoganya batho ba ba amilweng ke lepero ka go ba baya mo dikoloning tsa balepero go sa ntse go diragala mo mafelong mangwe a India, China, Afrika.[18] le Thailand. Bontsi jwa dikoloni di tswetswe, ka lepero le sa tshelanwe thata.[18] Bangwe ba tsaya lefoko "lepero" le kgopisa, ba rata polelo "motho yo o amilweng ke lepero".[19] Lepero le tlhaolwa jaaka bolwetse jwa boboatsatsi jo bo sa tlhokomelweng kana io bo ikgatholositsweng.[20] Letsatsi la Lefatshe la Lepero le simolotswe ka ngwaga wa 1954 go tsibosa batho ba ba amilweng ke lepero.[21]

Ditshupiso

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
  1. ↑ Worobec, SM (2008). "Treatment of leprosy/Hansen's disease in the early 21st century". Dermatologic Therapy. 22 (6): 518–37. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2009.01274.x. PMID 19889136.
  2. ↑ "Definition of leprosy". The Free Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2015-02-22. Retrieved 2015-01-25.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Suzuki K, Akama T, Kawashima A, Yoshihara A, Yotsu RR, Ishii N (February 2012). "Current status of leprosy: epidemiology, basic science and clinical perspectives". The Journal of Dermatology. 39 (2): 121–9. doi:10.1111/j.1346-8138.2011.01370.x. PMID 21973237.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Leprosy Fact sheet N°101". World Health Organization. January 2014. Archived from the original on 2013-12-12.
  5. ↑ "New Leprosy Bacterium: Scientists Use Genetic Fingerprint To Nail 'Killing Organism'". ScienceDaily. 2008-11-28. Archived from the original on 2010-03-13. Retrieved 2010-01-31.
  6. ↑ Schreuder, P.A.M.; Noto, S.; Richardus J.H. (January 2016). "Epidemiologic trends of leprosy for the 21st century". Clinics in Dermatology. 34 (1): 24–31. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2015.11.001. PMID 26773620.
  7. 1 2 "Leprosy". www.who.int (in Sekgoa). Archived from the original on 31 January 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  8. ↑ Sotiriou, MC; Stryjewska, BM; Hill, C (7 September 2016). "Two Cases of Leprosy in Siblings Caused by Mycobacterium lepromatosis and Review of the Literature". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 95 (3): 522–7. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.16-0076. PMC 5014252. PMID 27402522.
  9. 1 2 3 "Hansen's Disease (Leprosy) Transmission". cdc.gov. April 29, 2013. Archived from the original on 13 March 2015. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 "Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Leprosy" (PDF). WHO. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
  11. ↑ Montoya, D; Modlin, RL (2010). "Learning from leprosy: insight into the human innate immune response". Advances in Immunology. 105: 1–24. doi:10.1016/S0065-2776(10)05001-7. ISBN 9780123813022. PMID 20510728.
  12. ↑ CDC (2018-01-26). "World Leprosy Day". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on 2019-06-15. Retrieved 2019-07-04.
  13. 1 2 James, William D.; Elston, Dirk; Treat, James R.; Rosenbach, Misha A.; Neuhaus, Isaac (2020). "17. Hansen disease". Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (in Sekgoa) (13th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier. pp. 336–346. ISBN 978-0-323-54753-6. Archived from the original on 2022-10-01. Retrieved 2022-10-01.
  14. ↑ "Leprosy". www.who.int (in Sekgoa). Archived from the original on 31 January 2021. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  15. ↑ "Global leprosy situation, 2012". Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. 87 (34): 317–28. August 2012. PMID 22919737.
  16. ↑ Rodrigues LC; Lockwood DNj (June 2011). "Leprosy now: epidemiology, progress, challenges, and research gaps". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 11 (6): 464–70. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70006-8. PMID 21616456.
  17. ↑ "Hansen's Disease Data & Statistics". Health Resources and Services Administration. Archived from the original on 4 January 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
  18. 1 2 Byrne, Joseph P. (2008). Encyclopedia of pestilence, pandemics, and plagues. Westport, Conn.[u.a.]: Greenwood Press. p. 351. ISBN 978-0-313-34102-1.
  19. ↑ editors, Enrico Nunzi, Cesare Massone (2012). Leprosy a practical guide. Milan: Springer. p. 326. ISBN 978-88-470-2376-5. Archived from the original on 2017-09-08. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  20. ↑ "Neglected Tropical Diseases". cdc.gov. June 6, 2011. Archived from the original on 4 December 2014. Retrieved 28 November 2014.
  21. ↑ McMenamin, Dorothy (2011). Leprosy and stigma in the South Pacific: a region-by-region history with first person accounts. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-7864-6323-7. Archived from the original on 2016-05-19.
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