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Lesie (Cape Fox)

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Lesia le ja Nonyane e e godileng e e bidiwang helmeted guineafowl kwa Etosha National Park

Phokojwe ya Kapa (Vulpes chama), e e bidiwang gape phokojwe ya asse, phokojwe ya cama kgotsa phokojwe e e nang le mokwatla wa selefera, ke mofuta o monnye wa phokojwe, o o tlholegang mo borwa jwa Aforika.[1] Ke yone fela "phokoje ya nnete" e e fitlhelwang mo Sub-Saharan Africa, mme e na le mekgwa ya Vulpes ka gonne e ne ya farologana go sa le gale mo ditsong tsa thutotlhagelelo ya setlhopha.[2]

Tlhaloso

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Legatla la Lesie

Vulpes chama ke kanid e e bopegileng ka bonnye, gantsi e le boleele jwa 45 go ya go 62 cm (17.5 go ya go 24.5 in), go sa akarediwe mogatla wa yone, o gantsi o leng 30 go ya go 40 cm (12 go ya go 15.5 in). E boleele jwa 30 goya go 35 cm (12 goya go 14 in) mo legetleng, mme gantsi e le boima jwa 2.5 goya go 4.5 kg (5.5 goya go 9.9 lb).[ Lerapo la tlhogo le tshwana le la V. bengalensis, le fa gone lebogo la V. chama le le sephara go se kae mme karolo ya lerapo la tlhogo e khutshwane go se kae. [3]


Ditsebe tsa yone di ditona e bile di bogale, molomo wa yone o monnye e bile o motsu.Mmala wa Pelage ke o mosetlha wa selefera, o o serolwana kwa morago ga ditsebe, ka meriri e mesweu e e tlhagelelang go dikologa letlhakore la pinna mo bogareng.[4] Mmala wa molala le matlhakore o mosweu, mme dikarolo tse di kwa tlase di bosetlha jo bo bosetlha go ya go bosetlha jo bo bosetlha. [5]Tlhogo ya yone ke e khibidu e bile lerama le le kwa tlase ke le le borokwa jo bo tseneletseng. Go na le matshwao a masweu mo mometsong. Maoto a na le mmala o mosetlha go feta mmele otlhe. [3] Mosela wa yone o mokima e bile o na le ditlhatshana, mme o ka nna wa mmala wa selefera, wa mmala o o bosetlha, wa mmala o o borokwa jo bo nang le dintlha tse di borokwa kgotsa tse dintsho, kgotsa wa mmala o o serolwana.[4] Ntlha ya mogatla ka gale e ntsho, mme go na le phatlha e ntsho mo godimo ga kgeleswa ya mogatla.[5]

Letsie le boleta e bile e na le boboa jo bo motsu jo bo motsu jo bo ka nnang boleele jwa 25 mm. Boboa jo bo kafa tlase bo apesitswe ka moriri o o sireletsang wa bokima jo bo kwa tlase ga 40 mm. Molt e diragala mo setlheng sa pula go tloga ka October go ya go November. [4]V. chama ga e na dimorphism ya bong.

Phasalatso le bonno

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Cape fox ke yona fela mofuta wa mofuta wa Vulpes o o leng teng mo Afrika kwa borwa jwa ekhweitha. E nna thata mo mafelong a a omileng le a a omeletseng go sekae, fela mo dikarolong, jaaka fynbos biome ya Porofense ya Kapa bophirima jwa Aforika Borwa, mofuta ono o fitlha kwa mafelong a a nang le pula e ntsi le dimela tse di kitlaneng.[6] Mo dikgaolong tse di fa gare le tse di kwa bophirima jwa Aforika e e kwa borwa, mofuta ono o aname thata, o fitlha kwa bogareng jwa 15 ° N kwa borwa-bophirima jwa Angola.[7]E aname thata mo Zimbabwe, Botswana, le Aforika Borwa, e tlhagelela mo dikarolong tse dintsi tsa diporofense tsa Kapa Bophirima le Bokone, Kapa Botlhaba (ntle le letlhakore la borwabotlhaba), Foreisetata, bophirima le bokonebophirima jwa KwaZulu-Natal le porofense ya Bokone-Bophirima. E fitlhelwa gape kwa Lesotho, kgaolo e e kwa godimo ya dithaba.[8]

Boitsholo

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Phokoje wa Kapa o nna bosigo mme o matlhagatlhaga thata pele fela ga mahube kgotsa morago ga phirimane; e ka bonwa mo mosong le maitseboa. Motshegare, gantsi e iphitlha mo dikhuting tse di ka fa tlase ga lefatshe, mo dikhuting, mo dikhuting kgotsa mo ditlhareng tse di kitlaneng. Ke moepi yo o matlhagatlhaga yo o tla epang mosima wa yona, le fa ka kakaretso e fetola mosima o o tlogetsweng wa mofuta o mongwe, jaaka springhare, go ya ka ditlhokego tsa yona tse di rileng.[2]

Diphokoje tsa Kapa di nna di le tsosi thata, mme le fa di bopa dipara tse di nyalaneng, tse ditonanyana le tse di namagadi gantsi di fitlhelwa di batla dijo di le tsosi.[9] Le fa go ntse jalo, nako le nako di ka kgobokana ka ditlhopha tse di sa gagamalang go ya go fepa. Le fa V. chama e bontsha matshwao a kgaolo, jaaka go tshwaya monko, go kopana ga lefelo la magae go a diragala.[9][10][4]

Le fa e le phokoje e e didimetseng ka tlwaelo, phokoje ya Kapa e itsege ka go buisana ka dipitso tse di bonolo, go lela kgotsa go tshegatshega. Le fa go ntse jalo, e tla ntsha modumo o o kwa godimo fa e tshogile. Go tlhalositswe go lela ga lentswe le le telele la go lela kgotsa go lela ga makwati, fela go bonala diphokoje tsa Kapa di sa bokolele.[5]Fa e le mo maikutlong a a bogale, phokoje ya Kapa e itsege ka go rora le go kgwa motlhasedi wa yona mathe. Di ka dirisa mefuta e mengwe ya puisano, jaaka dipopego tsa sefatlhego le go ema ga mogatla;[4]go supa boitumelo jwa yona, phokoje e tsholetsa mogatla wa yona, bogodimo jwa excitation of excitation gantsi.

Itshetso

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Dijo

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Diphokoje tsa kwa Kapa di ja tsotlhe ka botlalo e bile di batla ditšhono, di ja thata ditshidinyana tse dinnye (jaaka dipeba) le ditshenekegi, mme gape di ja dinonyane, digagabi tse dinnye, ditopo le maungo ka tlwaelo.[11] Dijo tse dingwe di akaretsa: di-gerbil; dipeba tsa tshimo le dipeba tse ding tse nyane, mebutla, dinonyana; dintlhaga tsa dinonyane le mae, dilo tse di farologaneng tsa merogo, go akaretsa le maungo a naga, diberi, dipeo, medi le di-tuber; ditshenekegi, ditshenekegi, jaaka ditshoswane tse ditshweu, dikhukhwane le dibokwana tsa tsone, le tsie.[5] Gape di ka ja diamusi tse dikgolo jaaka steenbok (Raphicerus campestris) le diphologolo tse dingwe tse di jang nama jaaka mongoose o mosetlha (Cynictis penicillata).[4]

Fa diphokoje tsa Kapa di begilwe di bolaya leruo, selekanyo sa go ja diruiwa ga se itsiwe.[10][11]Dinku tsa selegae (Ovis aries) di ka nna le bolumu e e ka nnang 16.6% ya diteng tsa mpa ya yona, fela go lebega e ja fela dikonyana tse dinnye thata (tse di kwa tlase ga dikgwedi di le 3), go seng jalo di ka e ja fela jaaka setopo.[12]Di itsege ka go boloka dijo mo dikhuting.[13]

Dipharasaete le dibatana tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe

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Phokoje wa kwa Kapa e ka tsongwa ke ditau (Panthera leo) mme bana ba yona ba ka nna ba bolawa ke tshephe ya tswina (Mellivora capensis). Gape ka dinako tse dingwe e jewa ke diphokoje tse di nang le mokwatla o montsho (Canis mesomelas) le dibatana tse dingwe tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe, jaaka mangau a Aforika (Panthera pardus), dikarakale (Caracal caracal), le dinonyane tse di jang diphologolo tse dingwe, jaaka diphokojwe le maruarua.[4]

Gantsi e rwala Echinococcus granulosus jaaka pharasaete ya mo teng mme e ka nna ya tshelwa ke dinta.[4]

Tsalo

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Ka paka ya tsadiso, mo hemisefereng e e kwa borwa mariga dikgwedi tsa Phukwi le Phatwe,[13] dipara tsa mosadi a le mongwe di ka diragala, fela nako le go tswelela go tswa ngwaga go ya ngwaga ga di itsiwe sentle.[4][10]Bagolo ba ba kopaneng ka tlwaelo ba kopana fela ka nako ya go nyalana,[4] fela go dupelela molomo kgotsa go tlhotlhora ("go dumedisa") go a diragala, fela jaaka go tlhotlhora mmele.[9]

Diphokoje kwa Kapa kwa Phakeng ya Kgalagadi ya Kgalagadi

Phokoje ya Kapa e namagadi e na le paka ya boimana ya malatsi a le 51 go ya go 53 mme e tsala letsopa la bana ba le nosi goya go thataro (kgotsa dikhitsi). Gantsi di bokete jwa 50 go ya go 100 g (1.8 go ya go 3.5 oz) fa di tsalwa. Fa di godisitswe ka fa tlase ga lefatshe mo dikhuting, ditsuane di nna gaufi le lesaka go fitlha di nna le dikgwedi di ka nna nnè. Ditshegadi di le mmalwa le tsone di ka nna tsa abelana ka nako e le nngwe lesaka le le lengwe. Dipotsane di kgwesiwa di le dibeke di ka nna thataro goya go robedi, fela ga di simolole go batla dijo go fitlha di nna le dikgwedi di le nne mme gantsi di tshamekela kwa ntle ka nako ya motshegare.[9] Batsadi ka bobedi ba tlhokomela bana, ka e tonanyana gape e tlamela e namagadi ka dijo bonnye dibeke di le 1-2 morago ga pelegi. Dipotsane gantsi di ikemela ka nosi fa di le dikgwedi di le 5–11.5, fa di phatlalala (ka tlwaelo ka Seetebosigo kgotsa Phukwi). Dipodi tse dinnye di ka phatlalala 7–22 km (4.3–13.7 mi) go tswa mo lefelong la botsalo mme tse di namagadi di ka sala mo lefelong la tsona la botsalo.[4] Bo Phokoje ba bangwe ba bannye ba Kapa di utswa dijo tse di tlisiwang kwa dikhiting kwa lefelong la tsone ke batsadi.[10][5]

Setlhopha sa lelapa gantsi se na le batsadi le bana ba bona, fela ditlhopha tse di farologaneng tsa lelapa ka dinako dingwe di a tlhakana ka nako ya phepô. Di-litter tse dintsi di a kgonega mme di lemogilwe; le fa go ntse jalo, gantsi namagadi e leleka dipotsanyane mo letsogong la bofelo fa e solofetse e nngwe. Diphokoje tsa kwa Kapa di gola ka botlalo mo sebakeng se se ka nnang ngwaga, ka bobedi e namagadi le e tona di fitlhelela kgolo ya thobalano ka dikgwedi di robabongwe . Phokoje ya Kapa e na le tsholofelo ya botshelo e e ka nnang dingwaga di le thataro, fela e ka tshela go fitlha go dingwaga di le lesome.[13]

Tshomarelo

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Tatlhegelo ya bonno ga e bonale e le ntlha e kgolo e e tlhotlheletsang maemo a tshomarelo ya phokoje ya Kapa; mo dikgaolong dingwe, go fetoga ga mekgwa ya temothuo go dirile gore go nne le katoloso ya lefelo la mofuta ono.[6] Ka ge diphokoje tse go tsewa gore di ja leruo, bogolosegolo dikwana, gantsi di tlhaselwa ke balemirui. Di lebisitswe ka mekgwa e e farologaneng ya taolo, jaaka dirai tsa go tshwara maoto le tiriso e e seng ka fa molaong mme e aname ya botlhole jwa temothuo mo dipolaseng tsa kgwebo.[14] Dikgato tse tsa taolo ga di lebege di nnile le tshusumetso e kgolo mo dipalong tsa phokoje ya Kapa, ​​le fa di feletse ka phokotsego mo mafelong mangwe.[6]Gape gantsi di ineela mo malwetseng a a jaaka rabies le canine distemper, mme palo e kgolo ya diphokoje tsa Kapa di bolawa mo tseleng ke dikoloi. Ba le bantsi ba a tsomiwa le go bogisiwa jaaka ditshenekegi. Go bolawa batho ba ka nna dikete tse pedi le makgolo a matlhano ngwaga le ngwaga; e e ka nnang 16% ya baagi.[13] Le fa go ntse jalo, dipalopalo tsa V. chama ga jaana di tlhomame go ralala lefelo lotlhe la tsona ka jalo ga e a kwalwa mo Lenaaneng le Lehibidu la IUCN.[2]

Metswedi

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  1. ↑ Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Order Carnivora". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 532–628. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. 1 2 3 Child MF, Roxburgh L, Do Linh San E, Raimondo D, Davies-Mostert HT (2016). The red list of mammals of South Africa, Swaziland and Lesotho (Report). South Africa: South African National Biodiversity Institute and Endangered Wildlife Trust.
  3. 1 2 Clutton-Brock, Juliet; Corbet, Gordon B; Hills, Michael (1976). "A review of the family Canidae, with a classification by numerical methods". Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). 29: 117–199. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.6922
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Lavoie, Maxime; Renard, Aurélie; Pitt, Justin A.; Larivière, Serge (2019). "Vulpes chama (Carnivora: Canidae)". Mammalian Species. 51 (972): 11–17. doi:10.1093/mspecies/sez002. ISSN 0076-3519. S2CID 198261483.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Sheldon, Jennifer W. (1992). Wild dogs: the natural history of the non-domestic Canidae. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 168–171. ISBN 978-1-4832-6369-4.
  6. 1 2 3 Hoffmann, M. (2014). "Vulpes chama". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014 e.T23060A46126992. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T23060A46126992.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  7. ↑ Crawford-Cabral JC (1989). "Distributional data and notes on Angolan carnivores (Mammalia: Carnivora) I. Small and median-sizes species". Garcia de Orta Serie de Zoologia. 14 (2). Lisbon: 3–27.
  8. ↑ Cape Fox". krugerpark.co.za. Siyabona Africa. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Nel, J.A.J (1 December 1984). "Behavioural ecology of canids in the South-Western Kalahari". Koedoe. 27 (2): 229–235. doi:10.4102/koedoe.v27i2.582.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Skinner, J. D.; Chimimba, Christian T. (2005). The mammals of the southern African subregion. Cambridge. ISBN 978-1-107-34099-2.
  11. 1 2 Klare, Unn; Kamler, Jan F.; Macdonald, David W. (June 2014). "Seasonal diet and numbers of prey consumed by Cape foxes Vulpes chama in South Africa". Wildlife Biology. 20 (3): 190–195. Bibcode:2014WildB..20..190K. doi:10.2981/wlb.00006. S2CID 86020958.
  12. ↑ Kok, O. B.; Nel, J. A. J. (24 November 2004). "Convergence and divergence in prey of sympatric canids and felids: opportunism or phylogenetic constraint?: DIETS OF SYMPATRIC CANIDS AND FELIDS". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 83 (4): 527–538. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2004.00409.x
  13. 1 2 3 4 Rohde, K. (2003). "Vulpes chama". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  14. ↑ "Photo Ark: Cape Fox". National Geographic Society. 27 November 2018. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
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