Letamo la Kariba
Letamo la Kariba ke letamo la semente se se obegileng gabedi mo Mokgatšheng wa Kariba wa noka ya Zambezi magareng ga Zambia le Zimbabwe. Mogorogoro wa letamo o boleele jwa di metara di le lekgolo le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi (420 ft) le boleele jwa dimetara di le makgolo a matlhano le masome a supa le borobaongwe (1,900 ft). [1] Letamo le dira Letsha la Kariba, le le boleele jwa dikilometara di le masome a mabedi le masome a robabobedi mme le na le metsi a dikubita tsa dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a robabobedi le botlhano .
Dikago
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Letamo leno le ne la agiwa go ya ka ditaelo tsa Puso ya Federation of Rhodesia le Nyasaland, e leng 'kolone ya semmuso' ya Mmusomogolo wa Boritane. Baenjenere ba ba neng ba le bagakolodi e ne e le Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, e ne e le kgwebo e e kopanetsweng ya baenjenere ba ba gakololang, e e neng e akaretsa Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, yo setlhopha sa gagwe se neng se eteletswe pele ke Sir Angus Paton,[2]le Coyne et Bellier, yo setlhopha sa gagwe se neng se eteletswe pele ke André Coyne.[3]Letamo le le neng le dirilwe ka konkoreite le le neng le na le bogodimo jo bo menaganeng gabedi le ne la agiwa magareng ga 1955 le 1959 ke Cogefar-Impresit ya Italy[3] ka tlhotlhwa ya $135,000,000 ya legato la ntlha le le neng le na le khuti ya maatla ya Kariba South fela. Kago ya bofelo le tlaleletso ya logaga lwa Kariba North Power ke Mitchell Construction[4] ga e a ka ya wediwa go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bosupa (1977), ka ntlha ya mathata a sepolotiki, ka tlhwatlhwa ya $480,000,000. Ka nako ya go aga, badiri ba le masome a robabobedi le borataro ba ne ba latlhegelwa ke matshelo a bone. [3][5]
Letamo le ne la bulwa semmuso ke Kgosigadi Elizabeth wa Mma-Kgosigadi ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le lesome le bosupa ,ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro .[6][7]
Pompo ya motlakase
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Letamo la Kariba le tlamela dikarolo tsa Zambia (Copperbelt) le Zimbabwe ka dimekawate di le 2.010 tsa motlakase mme le ntsha di-gigawatt-hour di le 6.400 ka ngwaga. Naga nngwe le nngwe e na le madirelo a yone a motlakase kwa bokone le kwa borwa jwa letamo leno. Seteishene sa borwa sa Zimbabwe se ntse se dira go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro mme se na le dijenereitara di le thataro tsa 125 megawatts (168,000 hp) nngwe le nngwe ya tsona e na le palogotlhe ya 750 megawatts (1,010,000 hp).[8][9]
Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ele lesome le motso, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro( 2013) go ne ga itsisiwe ke Tona ya Matlotlo ya Zimbabwe, Patrick Chinamasa gore bokgoni jwa kwa Zimbabwe (South) Kariba hydropower station bo tla okediwa ka dimekawate di le makgolo a mararo. Ditshenyegelo tsa go tlhabolola lefelo leno di ne tsa tshegediwa ke kadimo ya diranta di le dimilione di le masome a mararo le lesome le borobabongwe go tswa kwa China. Tumalano e ke sekai se se bonalang sentle sa "Look East" ya Zimbabwe, e e neng ya amogelwa morago ga go se utlwane le mebuso ya Bophirima.[10]Kago ya katoloso ya Kariba South e simolotse mo bogareng jwa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone ( 2014) mme kwa tshimologong go ne go solofetswe gore e tla wediwa k a ngwaga wa dikete tse pedid le lesome le borobabongwe (2019).[11]
Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobaobedi (2018), TautonaEmmerson Mnangagwa o ne a laela gore go atolosiwe Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Kariba South. Go tsenngwa ga diterekere tse pedi tse disha tsa motlakase tsa dimekawate di le 150 (200 000 hp) go ne ga oketsa maatla a motlakase a seteišene seno go nna dimekawate di le sekete le masome a matlhano (1 410 000 hp). Tiro ya katoloso e ne ya dirwa ke Sinohydro, ka tlhwatlhwa ya US$533 million. Tiro e simolotse ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone , mme e weditswe ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi ( 2018).
Seteišene sa kwa bokone sa Zambia se ntse se dira go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le borataro, mme se na le dijenereitara di le nne tsa 150 megawatts (200,000 hp) nngwe le nngwe e le palogotlhe ya 600 megawatts (800,000 hp); tiro ya go oketsa bokgoni jono ka di-megawatts tse dingwe gape di le 360 (480,000 hp) go ya go di-megawatts di le 960 (1,290,000 hp) e weditswe ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro (2013). Go ne ga okediwa ka dijenereitara tse dingwe tse pedi tsa 180 MW. 13][14][15]
Metswedi
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]- ↑ "Kariba Dam". Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
- ↑ "Obituary Sir Angus Paton". New Civil Engineer. 15 April 1999. Retrieved 12 May 2025.
- 1 2 3 "Kariba Dam". Spurwing facts. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009.
- ↑ Indictment: Power & Politics in the Construction Industry, David Morrell, Faber & Faber, 1987, ISBN 978-0-571-14985-8
- ↑ "Hydroelectric Power Plants in Southern Africa". Power Plants Around the World Photo Gallery. Industry Cards. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
- ↑ "Opening of Kariba Dam by HM The Queen Mother, May 1960". National Archives. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
- ↑ "PHmuseum: The Double Spiritual Nature of Lake Kariba". 19 July 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
- ↑ "Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. VI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2010-11-17.
- ↑ "Hydroelectric Power Plants in Southern Africa". IndustCards. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
- ↑ 'No talks with the West' - Zimbabwe Archived 2013-12-15 at the Wayback Machine Zimbabwe Mail,10 May 2013
- ↑ "Zimbabwe: Kariba South Power Expansion On Course". The Herald. 17 August 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2015.