Letsha la Makgadikgadi
Letsha la Makgadikgadi (Sekgowa: Lake Makgadikgadi, [lɪt͜sha la makχwadiˈkχaːdi]) e ne e le letsha le le neng le le teng mo lefelong le gompieno le bidiwang Sekaka sa Kalahari mo Botswana go tloga ka dingwaga di le didikadike tse pedi BP go fitlha ka dingwaga tsa dikete tse some BP. E ka tswa e kile ya bo e akaretsa lefelo la go tswa go 80 000 go ya go 275 000 km2 (30 888 go ya go 106 178 sq mi) mme e ne e le boteng jwa dimithara di le masome mararo (98 ft).[1] Dinoka tsa Okavango, Zambezi e e Kwa Godimo le Cuando di kile tsa bo di tshologela tsotlhe mo letsheng le. Masaledi a yone a bonwa mo dipitseng tsa letswai tsa Makgadikgadi, e leng nngwe ya dipitsa tse dikgolo tsa letswai mo lefatsheng.
Dipatlisiso tsa DNA di supa gore kgaolo ya letsha ke legae la tlhago la Homo sapiens, kwa batho ba neng ba tlhagelela teng la ntlha jaaka mofuta o o farologaneng dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse makgolo a mabedi tse di fetileng, pele ga ba atologela kwa dikarolong tse dingwe tsa Aforika dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse masome a supa moragonyana.[2][3]
Tshimologo le ditso
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le didikadike di le tharo tse di fetileng, diphefo tse di maatla tsa botlhabatsatsi di ne tsa bopa dithota tse ditelele, tse di neng di tswa kwa botlhaba go ya kwa bophirima go kgabaganya bogare jwa Sekaka sa Kalahari. Ka dinako tse di metsi, dithota tseo di ne di tsamaisa dinoka tse dikgolo tsa lefelo leo, Okavango, Chobe, le Upper Zambezi, go ya kwa borwabotlhaba go kopana le Noka ya Limpopo le go elela mo Lewatleng la India.[4]
Bokone jwa Botswana bo na le motseletsele wa mela e e boteng, e e ka fa tlase ya diphoso e e tsamayang ka fa tlase ga motlhaba wa yone. Diphoso tseno go akanngwa gore ke dikatoloso tse di kwa borwa thata tsa thulaganyo e e tshwanang ya mela ya diphoso e e bapileng e e gogang kgakala le e nngwe mme e bopile Mokgatsha o Mogolo wa Rift wa Aforika Botlhaba.[5] Dikarolo tsa ditsela tsa Noka ya Linyanti le Noka ya Chobe, di tshwaya mola wa diphoso tseno gompieno.[5]
Mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le didikadike di le pedi tse di fetileng, phoso e e itsiweng jaaka axis ya Ovamboland-Kalahari-Zimbabwe (e e tswang kwa BokoneBotlhaba go ya kwa BorwaBophirima go tswa kwa Harare go feta ka Bulawayo mme e felela kwa letlhakoreng la botlhaba jwa Sekaka sa Kalahari) e ne ya tsamaya ka go obega ga epeirogenic, mme ya kgaola tsela ya kelelo ya metsi go tsena mo Limpopo. Go tswa ga metsi mo go neng go thibegile go ne ga dira gore go nne le Letsha la Makgadikgadi.
Motlhaba o mogolo wa Magwikwe fa gare ga Savuti le North Gate gongwe o ne o tlhalosa nngwe ya matshitshi a yone a bokonebophirima. E nngwe go akanngwa gore e ne e le Gidikwe Sand Ridge e e sa bonaleng thata e e neng e le fela kwa bophirima jwa molelwane wa bophirima wa Phaka ya Bosetshaba ya Makgadikgadi ya ga jaana.
Diponagalo tse di tlhatswitsweng ke makhubu di ka bonwa mo mafelong a le mmalwa a a kwa godimo a Kalahari mo kgaolong e. Letlhakore le le kwa botlhaba jwa Dithaba tsa Ghoha, kwa bokone jwa Savuti, ke sekai se se bonalang sentle sa seo. Matlapana a a kgolokwe a a gogotsweng ke metsi le one a ka fitlhelwa.
Fa dingwaga di le sekete di ntse di feta, letsha leno le ne la tlala. Le ne la simolola go phophoma dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse masome mabedi tse di fetileng, ya tsaya ntlha e e kwa tlase thata mo kgaolong ya metsi kwa bokonebotlhaba jaaka lefelo la yone le lesha la go tswa. Seo se ne sa dira gore Noka ya Zambezi e e fa gare le e e kwa tlase di golagane, mme tsa bopa Victoria Falls. Ka metsi jaanong a kgona go elela go tswa mo sedibeng, Letsha la Makgadikgadi le ne la elela bontlhabongwe mme palogare ya selekanyo sa lone ya fokotsega.[6]
Go ne ga latela paka ya bosa e e omileng, e e neng ya oketsa go oma ga metsi le go fokotsa kelelo ya dinoka tse di neng di fepa letsha leno. Ka dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse some tse di fetileng go oma ga Letsha la Makgadikgadi go ne go le mo kgatong e e kwa pele. Seretse le matlakala a a tswang mo Nokeng ya Okavango le motlhaba o o neng o fokwa ke phefo di ne di tlatsa letsha ka iketlo.[5]
Moralo wa Gumare o ne wa bopega mme wa isa lefatshe kwa tlase. Ka ntlha ya seo, metsi a Noka ya Okavango a ne a anama mo lefelong le legolo thata la lefatshe go feta ka fa a neng a na le lone pele, a bopa lefelo le jaanong le tlwaelegileng la sebopego sa fene la Okavango, le le neng la fokotsa metsi a a neng a elela mo Letsheng la Makgadikgadi go ya pele mme la fefosa go nyelela ga lone.
Metswedi
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]- ↑ "Makgadikgadi Salt Pans". earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 2018-07-06. Retrieved 2025-09-23.
- ↑ Michael Irving (October 28, 2019). "DNA study claims human "homeland" was a southern African wetland". New Atlas. Retrieved 23 Lwetse 2025.
- ↑ Chan, Eva K. F.; Timmermann, Axel; Baldi, Benedetta F.; Moore, Andy E.; Lyons, Ruth J.; Lee, Sun-Seon; Kalsbeek, Anton M. F.; Petersen, Desiree C.; Rautenbach, Hannes; Förtsch, Hagen E. A.; Bornman, M. S. Riana; Hayes, Vanessa M (2019-10-20). "Human origins in a southern African palaeo-wetland and first migrations". Nature. 575 (7781): 185–189. Bibcode:2019Natur.575..185C. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1714-1. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 31659339. S2CID 204946938.
- ↑ Riedel, Frank; Henderson, Andrew C. G.; Heußner, Karl-U.; Kaufmann, Georg; Kossler, Annette; Leipe, Christian; Shemang, Elisha; Taft, Linda (2014-11-01). "Dynamics of a Kalahari long-lived mega-lake system: hydromorphological and limnological changes in the Makgadikgadi Basin (Botswana) during the terminal 50 ka". Hydrobiologia. 739 (1): 25–53. doi:10.1007/s10750-013-1647-x. ISSN 1573-5117. S2CID 16200741.
- 1 2 3 "Geological history - Botswana Travel Guide". www.botswana-travel-guide.com. Retrieved 2025-09-23.
- ↑ "Geological history - Botswana Travel Guide". www.botswana-travel-guide.com. Retrieved 2025-09-23.