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Letsha la Malawi

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Letsha la Malawi, le le itsegeng gape jaaka Letsha la Nyasa kwa Tanzania le Letsha la Niassa kwa Mozambique, (Seswahili: Ziwa Nyasa) ke Letsha le letona la Aforika le letsha le le kwa borwa thata mo thulaganyong ya Rift ya Aforika Botlhaba, le le fa gare ga Malawi, Mozambique le Tanzania.

Ke letsha la bone le letona la metsi a a phepa mo lefatsheng ka bolumu, letsha la borobongwe le letona mo lefatsheng ka botona le letsha la boraro le letona le la bobedi le le boteng mo Afrika. Letsha la Malawi ke legae la mefuta e mentsi ya ditlhapi go feta letsha lepe le lengwe mo lefatsheng,[1] go akaretsa le bonnye mefuta e le makgolo a supa ya di-cichlid.[2]Karolo ya Mozambique ya letsha e ne ya itsisiwe semmuso jaaka lefelo la polokelo ke Puso ya Mozambique ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le lesome, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le motso,[3]fa kwa Malawi karolo ya letsha e akareditswe mo Phakeng ya Bosetšhaba ya Letsha la Malawi.[1]

Letsha la Malawi ke letsha la meromictic, se se rayang gore dikarolo tsa lone tsa metsi ga di tlhakane. Go aroganngwa ga metsi a Letsha la Malawi le molelwane wa phefo ya oksijene le oxic-anoxic go tlhokomelwa ke dikhemikhale tse dinnye tse di magareng le tsa mogote.[4]

Thutafatshe

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Letsha la Malawi le fa gare ga dikilometara di le makgolo a mathano le masome a marataro(350 mi)[5]le dikilometara di le makgolo a matlhano le masome a robabobedi (360 mi) ka boleele,[6] le bophara jwa dikilometara di ka nna masome a supa le botlhano (47 mi) kwa lefelong la lone le le bulegileng thata. Letsha leno le na le botona jotlhe jwa disekwerekilometara di ka nna 29 600.[5] Letsha le le boleele jwa makgolo a supa le borataro m (2,316 ft) kwa ntlheng ya lone e e kwa teng thata, le le mo lefelong le le kwa tlase thata mo karolong e e kwa bokone-bogare.[7] Mogogoro o mongwe o monnye kwa bokone jo bo kgakala o fitlha kwa boteng jwa di metara dile makgolo a matlhano,masome a mabedi le boferabobedi (1,732 ft).[7] Sephatlo se se kwa borwa sa letsha leno ga se boteng; kwa tlase ga dimetara di le makgolo a ,mane(1,300 ft) mo karolong e e kwa borwa-bogare le kwa tlase ga dimethara dile makgolo a mabedi (660 ft) kwa borwa jo bo kgakala.[7]

Letsha leno le na le mabopo kwa bophirima jwa Mozambique, kwa botlhaba jwa Malawi le kwa borwa jwa Tanzania. Noka e tona e e elelang mo go yone ke Noka ya Ruhuhu, mme go na le lefelo le le tswang kwa ntlheng ya yone e e kwa borwa, e leng Noka ya Shire, e leng noka e e elelang mo Nokeng ya Zambezi kwa Mozambique.[2]Mowafatso e dira go feta 80% ya tatlhegelo ya metsi go tswa mo letsheng, go feta thata Noka ya Shire e e elelang.[8] Metsi a a tswang kwa Letsheng la Malawi go tsena mo Nokeng ya Shire a botlhokwa mo itsholelong ka gonne metswedi ya metsi e tshegetsa maatla a metsi, nosetso le mefutafuta ya ditshedi e e kwa tlase.[9]

Go tlhagisitswe matshwenyego ka ga ditlamorago tsa isago tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi tsa Letsha la Malawi ka ntlha ya phokotsego ya bošeng ya maemo a letsha le tlwaelo ya go oma ka kakaretso.[10] seemo sa loapi mo kgaolong ya letsha e setse e itemogela diphetogo, ka dithemphoritšhara tse di bonelwang pele go oketsega go ralala lefatshe.[11]

Letsha le le ka nna dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Letsha la Tanganyika, le lengwe la makadiba a magolo a Rift ya Aforika Botlhaba.[12]

Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Letsha la Malawi e kwa ntlheng e e kwa borwa jwa letsha.[13]

Ditso tsa popego

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Letsha la Malawi ke lengwe la matsha a matona gape e le la bogologolo. Letsha le mo mokgatsheng o o tlhamilweng ke go bulega ga East African Rift, kwa moalo o o ikadileng kwa tlase ga lefatshe wa Aforika o kgaoganang ga bedi teng. Se se bidiwa molelwane wa moalo o o kgaoganang. Letsha la Malawi go akanyediwa fa le ka tswa le le dingwaga di le sedikadike se le sengwe kgotsa di le pedi, mme bosupi jwa mo bosheng bo supa letsha le legologolo go feta foo la kgampu e e simolotseng go nna teng dingwaga di l e 8.6 mya le metsi a a boteng a simolotse go nna teng 4.5 mya.

Seelo sa metsi se farologane thata mo tsamaong ya nako, se tswa kwa dimithareng di le makgolo a marataro kwa tlase ga seelo sa gompieno go ya dimithareng di le lesome go stena di le masome mabedi kwa godimo. Ka dinako tse letsha le kgadileng ka tsone, le tlogela matsha a a boteng a a letswai kwa dintlheng tse di boteng tsa Malawi. Nyalano ya metsi e e tshwanang le diemo tsa gompieno e nnile teng fela dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a marataro tse di fitileng.

Metswedi

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
  1. 1 2 "Protected Areas Programme". United Nations Environment Programme, World Conservation Monitoring Centre, UNESCO. October 1995. Archived from the original on 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2008-06-26.
  2. 1 2 Turner, Seehausen, Knight, Allender, and Robinson (2001). "How many species of cichlid fishes are there in African lakes?" Molecular Ecology 10: 793–806.
  3. ↑ WWF (10 June 2011). "Mozambique's Lake Niassa declared reserve and Ramsar site" Retrieved 17 July 2014.
  4. ↑ Pilskaln, C. H. (2004). "Seasonal and Interannual Particle Export in an African Rift Valley Lake: A 5-Yr Record from Lake Malawi, Southern East Africa". Limnology and Oceanography, 49(4), 964–977. {{doi:10.2307/3597647}}.
  5. 1 2 "Malawi Cichlids". AC Tropical Fish. Aquaticcommunity.com. Retrieved 2007-04-02.
  6. ↑ "Lake Nyasa". Columbia Encyclopedia Online. Columbia University Press. Retrieved 2011-08-02
  7. 1 2 3 Konings, Ad (1990). Ad Konings' Book of Cichlids and all the other Fishes of Lake Malawi. ISBN 978-0866225274.
  8. ↑ Park, L.E.; and A.S. Cohen (2011). Paleoecological response of ostracods to early Late Pleistocene lake-level changes in Lake Malawi, East Africa. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 303: 71–80. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.02.038
  9. ↑ Bhave, A., Vincent, K. and Mkwambisi, D. (2019) Projecting future water availability in Lake Malawi and the Shire River basin, Future Climate for Africa Brief, Cape Town: CDKN. https://futureclimateafrica.org/resource/brief-projecting-future-water-availability-inlake-malawi-and-the-shire-river-basin
  10. ↑ Bhave, Ajay G.; Bulcock, Lauren; Dessai, Suraje; Conway, Declan; Jewitt, Graham; Dougill, Andrew J.; Kolusu, Seshagiri Rao; Mkwambisi, David (2020-05-01). "Lake Malawi's threshold behaviour: A stakeholder-informed model to simulate sensitivity to climate change". Journal of Hydrology. 584 124671. Bibcode:2020JHyd..58424671B. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124671. ISSN 0022-1694. S2CID 213751778.
  11. ↑ "How can we improve the use of information for a climate-resilient Malawi?". fcfa. Retrieved 2026-06-05.
  12. ↑ Aghaindum, Ajeagah Gideon (2017-06-15). Water as a weapon of international confrontations. Editions L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-14-003961-4.
  13. ↑ "Lake Malawi National Park". World Heritage List. UNESCO. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
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