Letsha la Nasser
| Noka ya Nasser | |
|---|---|
 Tebego ya letsha kwa Abu Simel | |
 | |
| Basin countries | Egypt Sudan |
| Length | 550 km |
Letšha la Nasser ke letangwana le le tona kwa borwa jwa Egypt le bokone jwa Sudan. Le agilwe ka kago ya letamo la Aswan High ebile e le lone letšha le le ikagetsweng le le tona thata mo lefatsheng ka bophara.[1] Pele ga le agiwa, lefatshe la Sudan le ne le le kgatlhanong le porojeke e ka e ne e tlaa tsenelela kwa bokone jwa lefatshe leoo, kwa bontsi jwa batho ba morafe wa Nubia ba tlaa tshwanelwang ke go fudusiwa.[2][3] Kwa phelelong lefatshe la Sudan gaufi le lefelo la letšha la Nasser le ne la itemogela morwalela o o bakilweng ke letšha.[4] Letšha le le nnile motswedi wa botlhokwa wa itsholelo kwa Egypt, le tokafaditse temothuo le go rotloetsa go tshwara ditlhapi ga mmogo le go tokafatsa mehama ya bojanala.
Letšha la Nasser go tewa bontlha jo bogolo jwa letšha jo bo kwa Egypt (83% wa lefelo lotlhe), ba Sudan ba rata go bitsa bontlha jo bonnye jwa metsi a a mo lotlhakoreng lwa bone Letšha la Nubia.[5]
Dipopego tsa lone
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Letšha le boleele jwa dikhilomithara di le makgolo a mane, masome a supa le borobabongwe, le bophara jwa dikhilomithara di le lesome le borataro go kgabaganya kwa le leng biphara thata teng, kwa e leng kwa Tropic of Cancer. Le apesa bophara jwa dikhilomithara di le dikete tlhano, makgolo a mabedi le masome a matlhano, le na le seelo sa go baya metsi sa dikhilomithara di le lekgolo, masome a mararo le bobedi jwa metsi.[6]
Ditso
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Pele ga letamo la Aswan High le Letsha la Nasser
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Pele ga kago ya letamo la Aswan High le go tlhamiwa ga letsha la Nasser, lefelo le gompieno letsha le leng mo go lone e ne e le bontlha jo bo botlhokwa jwa kgaolo ya Nubia, kwa e leng legae la baeteledipele ba Egypt le magosi a koo a tshwana le jwa Kush.[7]
Kago ya letamo la Aswan High 1960 - 1970
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Kago ya letamo la Aswan High e simologile ka ngwaga wa 1960 ka taolo ya ga tautona wa bobedi wa Egypt ebile Letsha la Nasser le reeletswe ka ene Gamal Abdel Nasser. Tautona Anwar Sadat ke ene a butseng letsha le letamo semmuso ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bongwe (1971).[8] Le feditswe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa (1970), letamo la Aswan High go kgabaganya noka ya Nile le agetswe go emelela letamo la Aswan Low le le neng le sa lekana, le le agilweng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le bobedi ( 1902). Maikaelelo a letamo le letangwana le le le dirileng la Letsha la Nasser, e ne e le go dira motswedi o o itshetletseng wa metsi, go oketsa tsa teothuo le go fetlha motlakase kwa Egypt.[9]
Dikgogakgogano
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Kago ya letamo la Aswan High le Letsha la Nasser di bakile dikgogakgogano di le mmalwa mabapi le ditlamorago tsa tsone mo tikologong le mo go ba ba nnang mo lefelong le le amegang.
Go fudusiwa ga morafe wa Nubia
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Ka ntlha ya go agiwa ga letamo la Aswan High le go tlala ga letsha la Nasser, batho ba morafe wa Nubia ba le dikete di le lesome ba ne ba patelediwa go fuduga mo malwapeng a bone go ya go thibelela go sele.[10] Le ntswa bangwe ba kgonne go bona bonno mo lotshitshing kwa letsha le lesha, malwapa a bone a pele a tserwe ke merwalela.
Go tsewa ke merwalela ga dikago tsa bogologolo le digopotso
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Go agiwa ga letamo la Aswan High le letsha la Nasser go ne ga gwetlha letsholo la mafatshefatshe la go somarela ditso tsa kgaolo eo. Ka ntlha ya go tlala ga letsha le lesha la Nasser, bontsi jwa kgaolo bo ne jwa itemogela morwalela ka jalo, digopotso le difikantswe tse di koo di ne di tlaa tsewa ke morwalela. Ka ntlha ya se, maiteko a mafatshefatshe a ne a diriwa a go falotsa le go fudusa dikago tsa bogologolo le difikantswe tse di neng di tshosediwa mo letsholong la mafatshefatshe la go boloka ditso tsa Nubia ke lekgotla la UNESCO.[11] Le ntswa mafelo a le mantsi a ne a bolokwa a bo a fudusiwa a tshwana le dikereke tsa Kalabsha, Wadi es-Sebua, le Amada, mafelo a mangwe jaaka la fotress of Buhen a ne a seka a kgona go bolokiwa jaanong a kwa tlase ga metsi mo letsheng.[12] A a itsegeng thata a a neng a bolokiwa ke dikereke tsa Abu Simbel tse di neng tsa thubiwa tsa fudusiwa sentle mo lotshitshing lwa letsha la Nasser.[13][14]
Ditlamorago mo tikologong
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Go agiwa ga letamo kwa nokeng ya Nile go nnile le ditlamorago di le mmalwa mo tikologong ka go elela le ditsamaiso tsa noka di kgoreleditswe. Nngwe ya ditlamorago tse ke go kgorelediwa ga go elela ga seretse kwa tlase ga letamo, se fa e saleng bogologolo se neng se ntsha manyoro le menontshane e e tlhokegang mo go tsa temothuo. Ka jalo, balemi barui ba Egypt ba ne ba patelesega go dirisa menontshane e e rekiwang go tswelela ba lema. Magae a mefuta e e farologaneng ya diphologolo go feta letsha la Nasser le letamo la Awsan High, jaaka dikwena tsa Nile, le gone go amegile thata ka phokotsego ya metsi e e tsileng le go agiwa ga letamo go dirile gore mafelo ao a seka a kgona go nnega.[15]
Ditlamorago mo itsholelong
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Ka go dira gore go nne le motswe wa metsi o o tshephegang go nosetsa le mo go tsa temothuo ngwaga otlhe eseng ka dipaka dingwe fela le ka merwalela ga noka ya Nile, letsha la Nasser le nnile le ditlamorago tse dintle thata mo mohameng wa temothuo le mo itsholelong ya Egypt. Mohama wa temothuo o thapa batho ba Egypt ba ka nna 25% ya batho botlhe. Go tlhamiwa ga motswedi wa metsi o o itshetletseng kwa letsheng la Nasser, go okeditse lefatshe la temo ka 30%.[16]
Ka letsha la Nasser e le legae la mefua e le masome matlhano le bobedi ya ditlhapi e bontsi jwa yone e leng mefuta ya tilapia e e tshwarwang thata,[17] ga mmogo le Nile Perch, letsha le dirile mohama o motona wa go tshwara ditlhapi, mekoro e le dikete ya go tshwara ditlhapi e feta mo nokeng, le mafelo a go tsamaisa ditlhapi a mo lotshitshing lwa lone.[18]
Letsha la Nasser ke lefelo le le etelwang thata ke bajanala go tshwara ditlhapi, go pagama dikepe tse di bontshang lefelo, le go bona difikantswe tse di fudusitsweng fa letsha le tlala e le lantlha, bogolojang dikai di tshwana le dikereke tsa Abu Simel.[19]
Letamo la Aswan High le le nang le letsha la Nasser le ntsha motlakase wa metsi wa di gigawatts di le 2.1, e le peresente e e botlhokwa mo letlhokong la motlakase kwa Egypt.[20]
Mathata a gompieno le a a tla a nnang teng mo isagong
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Letamo la Grand Ethiopian Renaissance
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Ka tshimologo ya kago ya letamo la Grand Ethiopian Renaissance (GERD) ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe (2011), lefatshe la Egypt le lebanwe ke matshosetsi a tlhaelo ya metsi ka letamo le lesha le tlaa fokotsa metsi a a elelelang kwa tlase kwa letsheng la Nasser. Ka metsi a a elelang a go tswa kwa Nile go ya Egypt le Sudan e le bontlha jo bogolo jwa itsholelo ya mafatshe ao, phokotso ya one fa go agiwa GERD e ka nna matlhotlhapelo mo mafatsheng a. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro (2023), porojeke e ne e tloga e fela e le mo go 90%; go tladiwa ga letangwana go simologile ka 2020. Letamo la Grand Ethiopian Renaissance le setse le ama Egypt ka le fokoditse metsi a a elelang mo nokeng ya Nile le go fokotsa lefatshe la temo mo lefatsheng leo.[21] Fa mafatshe a Egypt, Sudan le Ethiopia a sa kgone go tswa ka tharabololo ya bothata jo jwa metsi, letamo le le ka nna matshosetsi mo letsheng la Nasser, la nna le ditlamorago tse di sa nnag sentle mo mafatsheng a Egypt le Sudan a a ikaegileng ka lone mo mehameng e le mentsi ya itsholelo ya one.[22]
Ditshwantsho
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Metswedi
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]- ↑ "Aswan High Dam, River Nile, Sudan, Egypt". Water Technology. Retrieved 116 June 2026
- ↑ Scudder, Thayer (2 September 2016). Aswan High Dam Resettlement of Egyptian Nubians. Springer. ISBN 9789811019357. Retrieved 16 June 2026
- ↑ Sofer, Amon (1999). Rivers of Fire: The Conflict Over Water in the Middle East. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 36. ISBN 9780847685110.
- ↑ "Governorates of Egypt". Statoids Administrative Divisions of Countries ("Statoids"). Retrieved 16 June 2026
- ↑ Roest, F.C.; Crul, R. C. M. (1995). Current Status of Fisheries and Fish Stocks of the Four Largest African Reservoirs: Kainji, Kariba, Nasser/Nubia and Volta. Food & Agriculture Org. p. 81. ISBN 9789251036839.
- ↑ Muala, Eric; Mohamed, Yasir A.; Duan, Zheng; van der Zaag, Pieter (13 August 2014). "Estimation of Reservoir Discharges from Lake Nasser and Roseires Reservoir in the Nile Basin Using Satellite Altimetry and Imagery Data". Remote Sensing. 6 (8): 7526. Bibcode:2014RemS....6.7522M. doi:10.3390/rs6087522.
- ↑ "About Nubia". Nubian Foundation. 2 October 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2026
- ↑ Encyclopedia of Architectural and Engineering Feats. ABC-CLIO. 2001. p. 23. ISBN 9781576071120.
president nasser, high dam project.
- ↑ "Aswan Dam Completed". education.nationalgeographic.org. Retrieved 17 June 2026
- ↑ Beddis, R. A. (1963). "The Aswan High Dam and the Resettlement of the Nubian People". Geography. 48 (1): 77–80. ISSN 0016-7487. JSTOR 40565511.
- ↑ Hassan, Fekri A. (2007). "The Aswan High Dam and the International Rescue Nubia Campaign". The African Archaeological Review. 24 (3/4): 73–94. doi:10.1007/s10437-007-9018-5. ISSN 0263-0338. JSTOR 40743449.
- ↑ Gohary, Jocelyn (1998). Guide to the Nubian Monuments on Lake Nasser. American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 978-977-424-462-9.
- ↑ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Working Together: Abu Simbel". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 17 June 2026
- ↑ "Rescuing Abu Simbel". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 June 2026
- ↑ Bunbury, Judith; Cooper, John P.; Hoath, Richard; Ikram, Salima; Johnston, Christine; Schneider, Thomas (2023). "The Egyptian Nile: human transformation of an ancient river". unesdoc.unesco.org: 43–77. doi:10.54677/mdjn3102. hdl:10871/132212. ISBN 978-92-3-100540-4. Retrieved 17 June 2026
- ↑ "Fueled by the Nile". earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 8 July 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2026
- ↑ Crul, R. C. M.; Roest, F. C. (1995). Current Status of Fisheries and Fish Stocks of the Four Largest African Reservoirs: Kainji, Kariba, Nasser/Nubia and Volta. Food & Agriculture Org. p. 81. ISBN 978-92-5-103683-9.
- ↑ Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture, ed. (2011). Review of tropical reservoirs and their fisheries: the cases of Lake Nasser, Lake Volta and Indo-Gangetic Basin reservoir (PDF). FAO fisheries and aquaculture technical paper. Rome: FAO. pp. 39–84. ISBN 978-92-5-106741-3.
- ↑ "Restored Abu Simbel Keeps Ancient Grandeur". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 June 2026
- ↑ "Aswan High Dam". earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 8 June 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2026
- ↑ MENAFN. "Egyptian agriculture crisis worsens, mainly due to lack of water". menafn.com. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
- ↑ Attia, Hana; Saleh, Mona (2021). The Political Deadlock on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (Report). German Institute of Global and Area Studies (GIGA).