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Republic of Mauritius

  • République de Maurice  (Script error: The function "name_from_code" does not exist.)
  • Repiblik Moris  (Script error: The function "name_from_code" does not exist.)
Flag of Mauritius
Folaga
Coat of arms of Mauritius
Sekano sa setshaba
Motto: Stella Clavisque Maris Indici (Script error: The function "name_from_code" does not exist.)[1]
"Star and Key of the Indian Ocean"
Anthem: Motherland"
Islands of the Republic of Mauritius
Islands of the Republic of Mauritius
Islands of the Republic of Mauritius labelled in black; Chagos Archipelago and Tromelin are claimed by Mauritius.
Islands of the Republic of Mauritius labelled in black; Chagos Archipelago and Tromelin are claimed by Mauritius.
Mošate
and largest city
Port Louis
20°12′S 57°30′E / 20.2°S 57.5°E / -20.2; 57.5Coordinates: 20°12′S 57°30′E / 20.2°S 57.5°E / -20.2; 57.5
Diteme tsa semmusôNone (de jure)
(de facto)[2]
Lingua francaMauritian Creole
Language spoken at home (2022)[3]
Merafe ya Batho
Sedumedi
Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag
Demonym(s)Mauritian
GovernmentUnitary parliamentary republic
• President
Dharam Gokhool
Robert Hungley
Navin Ramgoolam
Paul Berenger
Shirin Aumeeruddy-Cziffra
LegislatureNational Assembly
Independence 
12 March 1968
• Republic
12 March 1992
Fatshe
• Total
2,040 km2 (790 sq mi) (169th)
• Water (%)
0.07
Batho
• 2019 estimate
1,265,475[5] (158th)
• 2011 census
1,235,260[6][7][3]
• Bokete
618.24/km2 (1,601.2/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)estimate
• Total
Increase $40.468 billion[8] (137th)
• Per capita
Increase $32,094[8]

Lefatshe la Mauritius,[9] le le tlhomamisitsweng semmuso go nna Republic of Mauritius, [10]le le mo setlhaketlhakeng se se mo lewatleng la India,dikhilomethara tse di ka nnang 2000 (1,100 nautical miles),go tswa kwa lotshitshing lwa borwabotlhaba jwa Aforika Botlhaba, botlhaba jwa Madagascar.

Madagascar o akaretsa setlhaketlhake se segolo se gape se bidiwang Mauritius, mmogo le Rodrigues, Agaléga, le St. Brandon (Cargados Carajos shoals).[11] [12]Ditlhaketlhake tsa Mauritius le Rodrigues,ga mmogo le Réunion e e gaufi le tsone karolo ya France e e kwa moseja ga mawatle,ke karolo ya ditlhaketlhake tsa Mascarene. Setlhaketlhake se segolo sa Mauritius, se se nang le baagi ba le bantsi, se na le motsemogolo le toropo e kgolo go di feta tsotlhe, Port Louis.

Lefatshe le na le sekgala sa 2,040 square kilometres (790 sq mi) mme le na le kgaolo e e kgethegileng ya itsholelo e e akaretsang 2,300,000 square kilometres (670,000 square nautical miles).[13]

Go ikaegile ka mmepe o le mongwe fela o o falotseng wa dilo tse di ribolotsweng ke Bapotokisi ka 1502 o o bidiwang Cantino planisphere, go dumelwa ka kakaretso gore batsamai ba dikepe ba Maarabia ba ne ba ribolola setlhaketlhake se se nnang batho ka 975, ba se bitsa Dina Arobi. [14][15]Ka 1507, batsamaisi ba dikepe ba Mapotokisi ba ne ba etela setlhaketlhake se se nnang batho, se se neng se na le maina a Sepotokisi a Cirne kgotsa Do-Cerne mo dimmepeng tsa ntlha tsa Sepotokisi.[16]

Setlhopha sa dikepe tsa Ba-Dutch, se se neng se eteletswe pele ke Admiral Van Warwyck, se ne sa goroga kwa lefelong le gone jaanong e leng Kgaolo ya Grand Port mme sa gapa setlhaketlhake seno ka 1598, sa bo sa bitsa ditlhaketlhake tseno tse go sa nneng batho mo go tsone ka leina la ga Maurice, Kgosana ya Orange. Go ne ga nna le maiteko a le mmalwa a a neng a dirwa ke Ma-Dutch a go batla go nna baagi ba ba nnetseng ruri a a neng a tsaya lobaka lwa dingwaga di le lekgolo ka maikaelelo a go dirisa dikgwa tsa mo lefelong leo tsa moebone, go dira gore go nne le ntshokuno e e tlhomameng ya sukiri le arrack ka go dirisa dimela tsa ntšhwe tse di tserweng kwa Java mmogo le makgoba a a fetang makgolo a mararo a Ma-Madagascar, pele ba tlogela maiteko a bone. [17]France e ne ya gapa setlhaketlhake [18] se se nnang batho ka ngwaga wa 1715, ya se bitsa "Isle de France". Ka 1810, United Kingdom e ne ya gapa setlhaketlhake seno, mme dingwaga di le nnè moragonyana, ka Tumalano ya Paris, France e ne ya neela Mauritius le mafatshe a a neng a ikaegile ka yone kwa United Kingdom. Kolone ya ga Mmamosadinyana ya Mauritius jaanong e ne e akaretsa Rodrigues, Agaléga, St. Brandon, Chagos Archipelago, le, go fitlha ka 1906, Seychelles. [19][20]Mauritius le France di ngangisana ka kgang ya go nna le taolo mo setlhaketlhakeng sa Tromelin. Tumalano e ne ya palelwa ke go e umaka ka tlhamalalo.[21]Mauritius e ne ya nna kolone e kgolo e e tlhagisang sukiri ya Mmusomogolo wa Britain mme ya nna e le kolone e e neng e laolwa ke masimo a sukiri go fitlhela e bona boipuso, ka 1968.[22]Ka ngwaga wa 1965, dingwaga di le tharo pele ga Mauritius e ikemela, UK e ne ya kgaoganya Chagos Archipelago go tswa mo le fatsheng la Mauritius, mme gape ya kgaoganya ditlhaketlhake tsa Aldabra, Farquhar, le Desroches go tswa kwa Seychelles, go bopa British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT).[23]Baagi ba lefelo leo ba ne ba lelekwa ka dikgoka mme setlhaketlhake se segolo go di feta tsotlhe, e leng Diego Garcia, se ne sa hirisetswa lefatshe la United States. Britian e thibetse bajanala, metswedi ya tshedimosetso le batho ba ba kileng ba nna mo go yone go tsena mo Chagos Archipelago.[24]

Kgololesego ya Chagos e a rarabololwa magareng ga lefatshe la Mauritius le UK. Ka Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2019, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Tshiamiso e ne ya ntsha kakantsho e e gakololang e e laelang UK go busetsa Ditlhaketlhake tsa Chagos kwa Mauritius ka bonako jo bo kgonegang go feleletsa go fedisiwa ga bokolone jwa Mauritius. Ka ngwaga wa 2024, UK e ne ya simolola ditherisano le lefatshe la Mauritius go busetsa Chagos Archipelago e e neng e tla letla baagi ba Chagos le ditlogolwana tsa bone go boela kwa ba tsholetsweng teng morago ga dingwaga tse di fetang masome a matlhano le borataro 56 ba le kwa botshwarong.Ka ntlha ya lefelo le e leng mo go lone le go bo e kile ya bo e le kolone, batho ba kwa lefatsheng la Mauritius ba farologane ka ditso, dingwao, dipuo le ditumelo. Ke lone fela lefatshe mo Aforika le go obamelwang Sehindu thata mo go lone e le tumelo.[25][26]Ba-Indo-Mauritians ba dira bontsi jwa baagi ba ba nang le palo e e kwa godimo ya Ba-Creole, Ba-Sino-Mauritian le Ba-Franco-Mauritian. Puso ya setlhaketlhake seno e thailwe thata mo tsamaisong ya palamente ya Westminster mme lefatshe la Mauritius le na le maemo a a kwa godimo thata mo go tsa itsholelo le tsa sepolotiki. The Economist Democracy Index e baya Mauritius jaaka lefatshe le le nngwe fela mo Aforika le le nang le puso ya batho ka batho e e tletseng fa V-Dem Democracy Indices le le baya jaaka "puso e e gololesegileng ya ditlhopho".[27][28]Lefatshe la Mauritius le mo maemong a bo masome a supa le bobedi 72 (kwa godimo) mo Human Development Index mme World Bank e le baya jaaka itsholelo ya lotseno le le kwa godimo. [29]Ke lengwe la diitsholelo tse di nang le bokgoni le tse di tlhabologileng mo kgaolong ya Aforika.[30] Lefatshe leno ke puso e e tlamelang batho. Puso e tlamela ka tlhokomelo ya boitekanelo ya mahala, thuto ya mahala go fitlha kwa maemong a thuto e e kwa godimo, le dipalangwa tsa botlhe tsa mahala go baithuti, bagodi le ba ba nang le bogole. [31]Lefatshe la Mauritius le tsewa e le lefatshe le le nang le kagiso go gaisa mo Aforika.[32] Fela jaaka Ditlhaketlhake tse dingwe tsa Mascarene, lefatshe la Mauritius le itsege ka dimela le diphologolo tsa lone tse di farologaneng tse di nang le mefuta e mentsi e e tlhomologileng e e fitlhelwang fela mo lefatsheng leno. Setlhaketlhake se segolo e ne e le sone fela se se neng se itsege e le legae la nonyane ya dodo, e e neng ya nyelela mmogo le mefuta e mengwe e le mmalwa ya dinonyane ka bonako fela fa batho ba sena go nna mo go sone. Diphologolo tse dingwe tse di fitlhelwang kwa mafelong a a rileng, tse di jaaka parakeet e e bidiwang echo, mokgantitswane wa kwa Mauritius le lephoi le le pinki, di ile tsa falola mme di ntse di tlhokomelwa thata e bile di atlega mo maitekong a tsone a go di sireletsa.[33]

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Thuto ya mafoko

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Bosupi jwa ntlha jwa hisitori jwa gore go kile ga nna le setlhaketlhake se gone jaanong se bidiwang Mauritius bo fitlhelwa mo mmepeng wa 1502 o o bidiwang Cantino planisphere o o neng wa tlisiwa ka bokukuntshwane go tswa kwa Portugal, o o neng o rometswe kwa go Duke wa Ferrara, ke 'motlhatlhobi' wa kwa Italy e bong Alberto Cantino. Mo kgatisong e e utswitsweng ya mmepe wa Sepotokisi, Mauritius e ne e na le leina Dina Arobi (mo go kgonegang Arabic: دنية عروبي Daniyah 'Arūbi kgotsa tshenyego ya دبية عروبي Dībah 'Arūbi).[34][35][dubious  ⁇  discuss] Ka 1507, batsamai ba dikepe ba Sepotokisi ba ne ba etela setlhaketlhake se se se nang batho morago ga go thuntshiwa go tswa mo tseleng ya bone go ya kwa India ka mosele wa Mozambique.Setlhaketlhake se tlhagelela ka maina a Sepotokisi a Cirne (phoso ya mokwalo fa 's' ya Sepotokisi 'Cisne' (Swan) e ne ya nna 'r') kgotsa Do-Cerne (typo ya 'do Cisne' e e rayang 'ya' kgotsa 'e e leng ya Swan') mo dimmepeng tsa pele tsa Sepotokisi, mo e ka nnang tota go tswa mo leineng la sekepe se se bidiwang Cisne se se neng se eteletswe pele ke Diogo Fernandes Pereira mo letsholong la 1507 le le neng la ribolola Mauritius le Rodrigues se a neng a se bitsa ilha de Diogo Fernandes mme se sa kwalwa sentle ke batho ba e seng Sepotokisi jaaka Domigo Friz kgotsa Domingo Frias.[36]Diogo Fernandes Pereira e ka tswa e ne e le motho wa ntlha wa kwa Europe a tsamaya ka sekepe go ya kwa botlhaba jwa setlhaketlhake sa Madagascar ('tsela e e ka kwa ntle' go ya kwa East Indies) go na le go tsamaya ka tsela e go neng go tsewa e sireletsegile go feta ka Mosele wa Mozambique, a tsamaya go bapa le lotshitshi lwa Aforika Botlhaba.

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ka 1598, setlhopha sa masole a Ba-Dutch se se neng se eteletswe pele ke Admiral Wybrand van Warwyck se ne sa goroga kwa Grand Port mme sa bitsa setlhaketlhake seo Mauritius go tlotla Kgosana Maurice van Nassau, yo e neng e le mmusi wa Republic of Netherlands. Moragonyana setlhaketlhake seo se ne sa nna kolone ya France mme sa bidiwa Isle de France. Ka letsatsi la boraro ,3 Sedimonthole 1810, lefatshe la France ba ne ba neela United Kingdom setlhaketlhake seo ka nako ya Dintwa tsa ga Napoleon. Ka nako ya puso ya Britian, leina la setlhaketlhake seo le ne la fetolwa go nna Mauritius /məˈrɪʃəs/. Mauritius gape e e itsege jaaka Maurice (pronounced [mɔʁis]) le Île Maurice ka leina la se France, Moris (pronounced [moʁis]) ka Se-Creole sa Mauritius. [37]

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ditso

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Pedro Mascarenhas, Viceroy of Portuguese India and namesake of the Mascarene Islands.


Setlhaketlhake sa Mauritius se ne se se na batho pele ga se ka bonwa la ntlha ke batsamai ba dikepe ba Baarabia kwa bofelong jwa lekgolo la bo lesome 10 la dingwaga. Leina la sone Dina Arobi le amanngwa le batsamai ba dikepe ba Baarabia ba e neng ya nna bone ba ntlha go bona setlhaketlhake seno.

Pedro Mascarenhas, Motlatsa-Kgosi wa India wa Bapotokisi le yo o neng a reelela Ditlhaketlhake tsa Mascarene ka leina la gagwe.

Dutch activities on Mauritius, as well as the first published depiction of a dodo bird (2), 1601

Tumalano ya kwa Tordesillas, e e neng e diretswe go thibela dikgotlhang fa gare ga Portugal le Spain, e ne ya naya Bogosi jwa Portugal tshwanelo ya go laola karolo e ya lefatshe. Ka 1507, batsamaisi ba dikepe ba Bapotokisi ba ne ba goroga mo setlhaketlhakeng seo se se senang batho mme ba tlhoma lefelo le ba neng ba ka nna mo go lone. Diogo Fernandes Pereira, motsamaisi wa dikepe wa Mopotokisi, e ne e le Mo-Europe wa ntlha yo o neng a goroga kwa Mauritius. O ne a bitsa setlhaketlhake seo a re ke "Ilha do Cisne" ("Setlhaketlhake sa Swan"). Bapotokisi ba ne ba se ka ba nna lobaka lo loleele ka gonne ba ne ba sa kgatlhegele ditlhaketlhake tseno.[38] Ditlhaketlhake tsa Mascarene di ne tsa teeletswa ka Pedro Mascarenhas, Motlatsa-Kgosi wa Portugal wa kwa India, morago ga loeto lwa gagwe kwa ditlhaketlhakeng ka 1512.Setlhaketlhake sa Rodrigues se ne sa tewa ka moranodi wa Mopotokisi e bong Diogo Rodrigues, yo o neng a goroga la ntlha mo setlhaketlhakeng seno ka 1528.Ka 1598, setlhopha sa masole a Ba-Dutch se se neng se eteletswe pele ke Admiral Wybrand Van Warwyck se ne sa goroga kwa Grand Port mme sa bitsa setlhaketlhake seo"Mauritius" go tlotla Kgosana Maurice wa Nassau (Dutch: Maurits van Nassau) wa Republic ya Ba-Dutch.Ba-Dutch ba ne ba nna mo setlhaketlhakeng seo ka 1638, mme ba ne ba dirisa ditlhare tsa moebone le go tlisa mmidi, diphologolo tsa mo gae le dipitse. Ke go tswa fano mo motsamaisi wa dikepe wa Mo-Dutch e bong Abel Tasman a neng a simolola go batla Lefatshe le Legolo la Borwa, a dira dimmepe tsa dikarolo tsa Tasmania, New Zealand le Guinea o mosha. Batho ba ntlha ba Ba-Dutch ba ne ba nna koo dingwaga di le masome a mabedi 20. Ka 1639, Dutch East India Company e ne ya tlisa makgoba a Malagasy go ya go rema ditlhare tsa ebony le go ya go dira mo masimong a masha a motsoko le a mmidi wa sukiri.[39]Maiteko a le mmalwa a go tlhoma kolone ka bosakhutleng a ne a dirwa morago ga moo, mme mafelo a go nna ga a ise a ko a tlhabololwe ka mo go lekaneng go ntsha dipoelo, go dira gore Ma-Dutch a tlogele Mauritius ka ngwaga wa 1710.[40][41] Setlhogo sa ngwaga wa 1755 mo Leeds Intelligencer ya Seesimane se bolela gore setlhaketlhake se ne sa tlogelwa ka ntlha ya palo e kgolo ya ditshwene tse di motsu o moleele "tse di neng tsa senya sengwe le sengwe mo go sone", le gore gape se ne se itsege ka nako eo jaaka Setlhaketlhake sa Ditshwene.[42]Batsamaisi ba dikepe ba Mapotokisi ba ne ba tlisa ditshwene tseno kwa setlhaketlhakeng go tswa kwa lefelong la tsone la tlholego kwa Borwabotlhaba jwa Asia, pele ga puso ya Ba-Dutch.[43]

Mauritius wa France(1715 - 1810)

France, e e neng e setse e laola Île Bourbon e e bapileng le yone (e jaanong e bidiwang Réunion), e ne ya laola Mauritius ka 1715 mme ya e bitsa Isle de France. Ka 1723, Code Noir e ne ya tlhomiwa go laola bokgoba; e ne ya tlhaola setlhopha sengwe sa batho e le "dithoto", e letla mong wa "dithoto" tseno go kgona go bona madi a itlamelo(insurance )le go duelwa fa a ka latlhegelwa ke "dithoto" tsa gagwe.[44]

Motswedi

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
  1. ↑ "Government Information Service – Coat of Arms". govmu.org. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  2. ↑ The Mauritian constitution makes no mention of an official language. The Constitution only mentions that the official language of the National Assembly is English; however, any member can also address the chair in French.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 [1]
  4. ↑ "Africa: Mauritius". CIA The World Factbook. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  5. ↑ "Population and Vital Statistics – Year 2019". Statistics Mauritius. March 2020. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  6. ↑ [2]
  7. ↑ [3]
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Mauritius)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  9. ↑ məˈrɪʃ(i)əs, mɔː-/ ⓘ mər-ISH-(ee-)əs, mor-; French: Maurice [mɔʁis, moʁis] ⓘ; Mauritian Creole: Moris [moʁis]
  10. ↑ French: République de Maurice; Mauritian Creole: Repiblik Moris
  11. ↑ tten Statement of the Republic of Mauritius" (PDF). International Court of Justice. 1 March 2018. pp. 23–24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
  12. ↑ Memorial of the Republic of Mauritius. Vol. I. Permanent Court of Arbitration. 1 August 2012.
  13. ↑ Figure 7: Mauritius' EEZ: 1977". Memorial of the Republic of Mauritius (PDF). Vol. IV. Permanent Court of Arbitration. 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  14. ↑ "History". Archived from the original on 28 June 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2021
  15. ↑ nternational Education: An Encyclopedia of Contemporary Issues and Systems. Routledge. 17 March 2015. ISBN 978-1-317-46751-9.
  16. ↑ Republic of Mauritius- History". govmu.org. Archived from the original on 16 October 2016. Retrieved 12 March 2023
  17. ↑ Allen, Richard B. (1 August 2003). "The Mascarene Slave-Trade and Labour Migration in the Indian Ocean during the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries". Slavery & Abolition. 24 (2): 33–50. doi:10.1080/01440390308559154. ISSN 0144-039X. S2CID 143805648.
  18. ↑ Gaymard, Hervé (20 March 2013). A. Un Différend Ancien Avec Maurice Quant À La Souveraineté Sur Tromelin. National Assembly (Report) (in French
  19. ↑ Written Statement of the Republic of Mauritius" (PDF). International Court of Justice. 1 March 2018. pp. 23–24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
  20. ↑ Memorial of the Republic of Mauritius. Vol. I. Permanent Court of Arbitration. 1 August 2012.
  21. ↑ Gaymard, Hervé (20 March 2013). A. Un Différend Ancien Avec Maurice Quant À La Souveraineté Sur Tromelin. National Assembly (Report)
  22. ↑ "Rise of the Sugar Economy". countrystudies.us. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
  23. ↑ "Colonial Office Telegram No. 199 to Mauritius, No. 222 to Seychelles, 21 July 1965, FO 371/184524" (PDF). Permanent Court of Arbitration
  24. ↑ Visiting British Indian Ocean Territory". Retrieved 16 December 2018.
  25. ↑ Religions in Africa | African Religions | PEW-GRF". www.globalreligiousfutures.org. Archived from the original on 12 September 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  26. ↑ The Global Religious Landscape". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 18 December 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2020
  27. ↑ "Democracy Index 2021: the China challenge". Economist Intelligence Unit
  28. ↑ Democracy Report 2024, Democracy Winning and Losing at the Ballot, V-Dem Institute" (PDF)
  29. ↑ World Bank Country and Lending Groups". World Bank. Retrieved 1 July 2020
  30. ↑ The Global Competitiveness Report 2017–2018" (PDF). Retrieved 24 December 2018
  31. ↑ Stiglitz, Joseph (7 March 2011). "The Mauritius miracle, or how to make a big success of a small economy". The Guardian
  32. ↑ Global Peace Index measuring peace in a complex world Global Peace Index 2019" (PDF). Institute for Economics and Peace. 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 13 October 2019.
  33. ↑ Saving Africa's Rarest Species". usafricabizsummit.com. Retrieved 19 May 2024
  34. ↑ Toorawa, S. (2007). The medieval Waqwaq islands and the Mascarenes. Hassam Toorawa Trust, Port Louis, Mauritius
  35. ↑ "Cantino Planisphere by anonymous Portuguese (1502) – Biblioteca Estense Universitaria, Modena, Italy, Public Domain". 1502.
  36. ↑ Clara Pinto Correia (2003) Return of the crazy bird: the sad, strange tale of the Dodo. New York: Springer.
  37. ↑ Prime Minister's Office – Cabinet Decisions taken on 24 MAY 2019". pmo.govmu.org. Retrieved 25 June 2019.
  38. ↑ History". Government of Mauritius. Archived from the original on 16 October 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
  39. ↑ The slave trade on Mauritius". Rough Guides. Archived from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2020
  40. ↑ History". Government of Mauritius. Archived from the original on 16 October 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
  41. ↑ History of Mauritius" (PDF). Government of Mauritius. Retrieved 22 January 2015
  42. ↑ Sunday's Post". Leeds Intelligencer. 22 July 1755. Retrieved 4 July 2021. The Island of Mauritius, which is also named the Island of Monkeys, on account of the Multitude of those Animals which destroyed everything in it, was discovered in 1698 by the Dutch, who named it Mauritius, of Maurice, of Orange, and quitted it by reason of the great Number of Monkeys on it.
  43. ↑ "Macaque monkeys on Mauritius, a sad monkey's tale". earthtimes.org. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 12 March 2023.
  44. ↑ "USIP" (PDF)
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