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Mekubukubu ya 1829 kwa Cincinnati

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Mekubukubu ya letso ya kwa Cincinnati ya 1829 e ne ya tsosiwa ke kgaisano ya ditiro magareng ga bafaladi ba Ireland le batho bantsho ba tlhago le makgoba a pele, kwa Cincinnati, Ohio[1] mme gape di ne di amana le dipoifo tsa basweu fa go lebilwe koketsego e e bonako ya batho bantsho ba ba gololesegileng le ba ba tshabileng mo toropong mo dingwageng tse di lesome tseo, segolobogolo mo dingwageng tse tharo tse di neng di fetileng. Bagwebi ba ne ba ngongorega ka mafelo a a humanegileng a a bapileng le noka jaaka a a nang le ditlamorago tse di sa siamang mo mabenkeleng a bone a a fa thoko ga metsi le kgwebo le balemi ba borwa. Badiri ba diatla ba ne ba kgaphela batho bantsho kwa thoko mo dithutong tsa go ithuta tiro le mo ditirong tsa ditiro tsa diatla tse di nang le bokgoni. Ka June 1829 balebedi ba bahumanegi ba ne ba itsise gore batho bantsho ba tla tshwanelwa ke go tsenya ditlamo tsa tshireletso tsa $500 (tse di lekanang le $14,764 ka 2024) mo malatsing a le masome mararo kgotsa ba ne ba tla lelekwa mo toropong le mo kgaolong. Seno se ne se dumalana le Molao wa Bantsho wa 1807 o o neng wa fetisiwa ke lekgotla la semolao la Ohio o o neng o ikaeletse go kgoreletsa batho bantsho go nna mo kgaolonh eo.

Bantsho bangwe ba ne ba setse ba akanyeditse go fudugela kwa Canada, e ba neng ba dumela gore e na le tikologo e e amogelang batho thata. Ka kakaretso ba ne ba le kgatlhanong le keletso ya Mokgatlho wa Bokolone wa Amerika ya go romela batho ba mmala ba ba gololesegileng kwa ntle "go boela kwa Aforika". Maaforika a Amerika a ne a ntse a le kwa Amerika dingwagangwaga mme a ne a batla ditshwanelo tsa baagi.

Go akanngwa ga go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga Molao wa Bantsho, o Mokgatlho wa Bokolone wa Amerika o neng wa o kgaratlhela gore o tlhotlheletse go fuduga ga batho bantsho,[2]: 262 go ne ga dira gore baeteledipele bangwe ba tswe kwa Amerik. Dikgoka tsa segopa sa batho le go senngwa ga lefelo la bone le le nang le batho ba le bantsi mo Kgotleng ya Ntlha go ne ga dira gore batho ba mmala ba ba fopholediwang go nna sekete le lekgolo - sekete le makgolo a matlhano ba dire tshwetso ya go tswa mo Cincinnati gotlhelele. Batho bantsho ba ba gololesegileng, makgoba a pele le basweu ba ba kutlwelobotlhoko ba ne ba neelana ka madi go thusa batshabi le bafalodi. Bangwe ba ne ba nna kwa mafelong a mangwe kwa United States, fa setlhopha se sennye sone se ne sa fudugela kwa Canada. Bontsi jwa bone ba ne ba nna kwa ditoropong tse di neng di le teng kwa Ontario, kwa batho bantsho ba le bantsi ba batshabi ba neng ba nna gone fa ba sena go tshaba bokgoba. Setlhopha se se nang le ditsompelo tse dintsi se ne sa tlhoma Koloni ya Wilberforce jaaka lefelo la bone.[3]

MaAforika a Amerika a a neng a setse kwa Cincinnati, le bafaladi ba bantsho ba ba neng ba kopana le bone, ba ne ba tlhaselwa gape ke batho ba basweu ba ba neng ba dira dikhuduego ka 1836 le 1841. Ka letsatsi le le fa pejana, ba ne ba nonotshitse boemo jwa bone mo toropong mme ba dirisa thulaganyo ya sepolotiki go bona ditokafatso mo kalafing. Tirisodikgoka e e kgatlhanong le Bantsho kwa Bokone e ne e se selo se se sa tlwaelesegang.

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Cincinnati e kwa borwa jwa Ohio, e e neng e le kgaolo e e gololesegileng, mme e ne e agilwe ke bafaladi ba le bantsi ba ba tswang kwa Upper South, ba ba neng ba tsamaya go bapa le Noka ya Ohio go fitlha kwa go yone. Mo masomeng a dingwaga a ntlha a lekgolo la bolesome le boferabongwe la dingwaga, bontsi jwa baagi ba yone ba ne ba tswa kwa dikgaolong tse di kwa botlhaba, segolobogolo kwa Pennsylvania, mme e ne e tlhotlhelediwa thata ke maikutlo a Borwa. E ne e tlhalosiwa jaaka e e nang le itsholelo le melao ya Borwa, fa e ntse e dira jaaka kgoro ya go tsena le go nna le dikeletso tsa "bophirima," jaaka molelwane o o tlhabologang wa mokgatsha wa Noka ya Ohio o ne o itsege.

Mo tshimologong ya lekgolo la bolesome le boferabongwe la dingwaga, fa go ne go nna le dikepe tsa mouwane, dikepe le kgwebo go bapa le dinoka tsa Ohio le Mississippi di ne tsa atologa thata, mme tsa dira gore Cincinnati e gole ka bonako. Dikgwebo tsa yone di ne tsa ngoka baagi ba le bantsi ba basha ba ba neng ba batla tiro, mme seno sa dira gore go nne le tikologo e e sa tlhomamang, e e nang le kgaisano e e kwa godimo. E ne gape e farologanngwa ka seelo se se kwa godimo sa bofaladi, bogolosegolo go tswa kwa Ireland le Jeremane go tloga ka dingwaga tsa bo 1840 go ya pele.

Ba-Ireland ba ne ba simolotse go goroga jaaka bafaladi mo tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome, ba gogwa ke tiro mo meseleng e e neng e agiwa kwa Ohio go tloga ka dingwaga tsa bo 1820 go ya go 1845, le Tsela ya Bosetshaba ka dingwaga tsa bo 1830. Diporojeke tseo di ne di akaretsa Mosele wa Miami le wa Erie o o neng wa simololwa kwa Cincinnati. Ba-Ireland ba ne ba gaisana le palo e e golang ya bafaladi ba bantsho ba Amerika ba ba neng ba tla kwa toropong eo, bontsi jwa bone ba ne ba tswa kwa Kentucky le Virginia.

Magareng ga 1820 le 1829, go ne ga nna le koketsego e e bonako ya batho ba bantsho ba toropo: mo dingwageng tse tharo tse di fetileng kelelo ya bafaladi e ne e le kwa godimo, bontsi e le batho bantsho ba ba gololesegileng le makgoba a pele go tswa kwa Borwa. Ba morago ba ne ba tswelela ba le mo kotsing ya go tshwarwa ke batshwari ba makgoba. Palo ya batho bantsho kwa Cincinnati e ne ya oketsega go tswa go makgolo a mane masome a mararo le boraro go ya go dikete tse pedi makgolo a mabedi le masome a matlhano le boferabobedi, mo dingwageng tse some tsa gompieno, fa palogotlhe ya batho ba toropo e ne ya oketsega go tswa go dikete di ferabongwe, makgolo a marataro le masome a mane le bobedi go ya go dikete tse masome a mabedi le bone, makgolo a ferabobedi le masome a mararo le motso ka 1830. Go ya ka phesente, se e ne e le koketsego go tswa go bone le sephatlo go ya go boferabongwe. Ka ntlha ya ditshono tsa tiro tse di neng di tlhagisiwa ke lekalana la dikepe tsa mouwane le dikepe, Cincinnati e ne e na le batho ba bantsho ba bantsi go gaisa toropo epe fela kwa Bophirima jwa Bogologolo go ralala bontsi jwa lekgolo la bolesome le boferabongwe la dingwaga. Baagi ba basha ba ba humanegileng le ba ba sa rutegang sentle ba ne ba pitlagana mo matlong a a neng a le teng kgotsa ba aga matlo a mekhukhu mme gantsi ba ne ba nna mo maemong a a maswe. Bafaladi ba Ireland le batho bantsho ka bobedi ba ne ba gaisana go bona matlo mo mafelong a a humanegileng a a bapileng le noka, ka gonne bontsi jwa badiri ba ne ba nna sekgalanyana fela go tswa kwa tirong ya bone.

Ditlamorago

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Baeteledipele ba Bantsho ba Amerika kwa Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, e e neng e na le batho ba le bantsi ba ba gololesegileng ba mmala, ba ne ba rulaganya go tlhoma Kopano ya ntlha ya bosetshaba ya Bathobantsho ka 1830. Gareng ga dikgang tse go neng go tlotliwa ka tsone go ne go na le bokao jwa dikhuduego tsa kwa Cincinnati. Baeteledipele ba ne ba tswelela go dira go tokafatsa ditshono tsa batho bantsho mo thutong le mo tirong, mmogo le go rulaganya ka sepolotiki go supa maemo a bone.

Dikgotlhang tsa loago le kgaisano di ne tsa felela ka dikhuduego tse di neng di eteletswe pele ke basweu kgatlhanong le batho bantsho kwa Cincinnati gape ka 1836 le 1841. Go fuduga go tswa kwa Yuropa go ne go tsweletse ka seelo se se kwa godimo: ka 1840, go feta 46% ya baagi ba toropo e ne e le batho ba ba tsholetsweng kwa mafatsheng a mangwe. Bontsi jwa batho ba maemo a a kwa tlase ba ne ba gaisana ka tlhamalalo le batho ba mmala go bona ditiro, segolobogolo fa madirelo a ne a fokotsa palo ya maemo a tiro ya diatla. Ka nako eo, batho bantsho ba ne ba nonotshitse boemo jwa bone mo toropong. Ba ne ba kgona go dirisa thulaganyo ya sepolotiki go bona tshireletso nngwe le tshiamiso mo maemong ao a a bokete.[4]

  1. ↑ "Irish Ohioans". Ohio History Central. Ohio Historical Society. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le botlhano ka 2025.
  2. ↑ Irvine, Russell W.; Dunkerton, Donna Zani (Winter 1998). "The Noyes Academy, 1834-35: The Road to the Oberlin Collegiate Institute and the Higher Education of African-Americans in the Nineteenth Century". Western Journal of Black Studies. 22 (4): 260–273.
  3. ↑ Nikki Marie Taylor (2005). Frontiers of Freedom: Cincinnati's Black Community, 1802-1868. Ohio University Press. p. 50ff. ISBN 0-8214-1579-4. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le botlhano ka 2025.
  4. ↑ Taylor (2005), Frontiers of Freedom, pp. 21-22
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