Jump to content

Mekubukubu ya 1841 kwa Cincinnati

Go tswa ko Wikipedia
Pono ya Cincinnati, Ohio ka 1841 go tswa kwa go nngwe ya dithota tse di dikologileng go ya kwa bokone. Kwa pele go na le Mosele wa Miami le Erie, mme kwa kgakala go na le Noka ya Ohio le Kentucky.

Mekubukubu ya Cincinnati ya 1841 e ne ya diragala morago ga gore komelelo e e tsereng lobaka lo loleele e bake botlhokatiro jo bo anameng kwa Cincinnati, Ohio, kwa Amerika. Mo lobakeng lwa malatsi a le mmalwa ka Lwetse 1841, basweu ba ba neng ba sa bereke ba ne ba tlhasela baagi ba bantsho ba ba neng ba iphemela. Bantsho ba le bantsi ba ne ba kokoanngwa mme ba tshwarwa ka fa morago ga legora mme morago ga moo ba fudusediwa kwa kgolegelong. Go ya ka balaodi, seno e ne e le go itshireletsa.[1]

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ka 1840, Cincinnati e ne e godile go tswa go bonnong jo bo mo melelwaneng go ya go toropo ya borataro e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe kwa Amerika. E ne e le toropo e e neng e tletse ka batho ba ba farologaneng, e e nang le mafelo a a atlegileng le mekhukhu e e leswe, e e nang le thubakanyo e e neng e agilwe ke bafaladi ba ba tswang kwa Yuropa le bafaladi ba bantsho ba ba tswang kwa Borwa ba ba neng ba gogelwa koo ke ditshono tsa itsholelo.

Bontsi jwa borakgwebo ba ba neng ba laola toropo eo ba ne ba kgatlhegela go nna le dikamano tse di molemo le dikgaolo tse di neng di na le makgoba kwa borwa jwa Noka ya Ohio mme ba ne ba ila batho ba ba neng ba batla go fedisa bokgoba le batho bantsho. Le fa e ne e le kgaolo e e gololesegileng, molaomotheo wa Ohio o ne o ganna batho bantsho tshwanelo ya go tlhopha mme Melao ya Bantsho e e neng ya fetisiwa ke lekgotla la semolao la kgaolo ka 1804 le 1807 e ne ya baya dithibelo tse dingwe. Bana ba bantsho ba ne ba kganelwa thuto kwa dikolong tsa puso fa beng ba dithoto ba bantsho ba ne ba tshwanetse go duela makgetho go tshegetsa dikolo tseo. Bafaladi ba bantsho ba ba yang kwa pusong ba ne ba tshwanetse go ikwadisa le go tlamela ka netefaletso. Bantsho ba ne ba sa kgone go direla mo lekgotleng la baatlhodi, go neela bosupi mo dikgetsing tsa semolao tse di akaretsang motho yo mosweu, kgotsa go direla mo sesoleng.[2][3]

Batho ba bantsho ba Cincinnati ba ne ba godile go tswa go makgolo a marataro le masome a ferabongwe ka 1826 go ya go palo ya semmuso ya dikete tse pedi, makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane mo palogotlheng ya baagi ba le dikete tsé masome a mane le bone ka 1840. Toropo gape e ne e na le karolo e e kwa godimo ya baagi ba ba tsholetsweng kwa mafatsheng a sele, mo e ka nnang 40%. Ba-Ireland, go feta setlhopha sepe se sengwe se se tsholetsweng kwa lefatsheng le sele, ba ne ba gaisana le batho bantsho go bona tiro le matlo, mme dikgotlhang di ne tsa tlhatloga fa go pitlagana ga batho go ntse go oketsega. Ka 1850 Cincinnati e ne e na le batho bantsho ba le bantsi go feta toropo epe fela kwa kgaolong e moragonyana e neng ya bidiwa Old Northwest, ka gonne ba ne ba kgona go bona ditiro mo dikepeng tsa mosi le mo thoko ga noka. Ka nako e, batho ba bantsho ba bantsi ba ne ba bone mebereko ya dikitso e le babereki ba matsogo kana babetli, ba amogela mooputso o montle ka nako eo. Ba le bantsi ba ne ba na le dithoto.[4]

Ka Phatwe a rogwa 1841, baeteledipele ba bantsho ba ne ba tshwara meletlo ya go gopola Molao wa go Fedisa Bokgoba wa 1833 o o neng wa fedisa bokgoba mo dikoloning tsa Borithane (ntle le India). Moletlo wa bone o ne wa lejwa ka bobaba ke basweu ba le bantsi. Mo kgweding eo toropo e ne ya nna le leuba le mogote tse di neng tsa dira gore Noka ya Ohio e wele kwa tlase go gaisa tsotlhe tse di kileng tsa kwalwa, mme seno sa dira gore banna ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba ikaegile ka pharakano ya noka ba se ka ba bereka. Ba sa dire sepe e bile ba le mogote, banna ba ne ba nna dikgoka le go ngangisana.

Dikgotlhang di ne tsa oketsega, ka dintwa di le mmalwa fa gare ga basweu le bantsho mo mafelong a bone a a neng a tletse.[4] Ka maitseboa a Labobedi, Phatwe a le masome mararo le motso, setlhopha sa banna ba Ireland se ne sa lwa le batho bangwe ba bantsho. Ka Laboraro, ntwa e ne ya simolola gape. Segopa sa banna ba basweu se se neng se tshwere dithobane se ne sa tlhasela batho ba ba neng ba nna mo ntlong ya bonno ya batho bantsho. Ntwa e ne ya anama go akaretsa batho ba ba nnang mo matlong a a mabapi mme ya tsaya mo e ka nnang oura. Le fa batho ba le mmalwa ba ne ba gobetse mo matlhakoreng oomabedi, ga go ope yo o neng a begela mapodisi tiragalo eo mme ga go na ope yo o neng a tshwarwa. Kopano e nngwe e ne ya diragala ka Labone e mo go yone basha ba babedi ba basweu ba neng ba gobala thata, go lebega ba ne ba gobaditswe ka dithipa.[5] Letsatsi leo, ditlhopha tsa basweu ba ba galefileng di ne di tsamayatsamaya mo toropong. Mosupi yo o boneng ka matlho o ne a re batho bantsho ba ne ba "tlhaselwa gongwe le gongwe kwa ba neng ba fitlhelwa teng mo mebileng, le ka dibetsa le tirisodikgoka e e neng e ka baka loso."[6]

Lwetse a le gararo

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
John Mercer Langston, moeteledipele wa lepolotiki yo o neng a bogela mekubukubu eo a sa le ngwana

Ka Labotlhano, go ne ga nna le magatwe a a reng go rulagantswe mekubuku e mengwe e e masisi. Cincinnati Daily Gazette, e e neng ya gatisa pego e e feletseng ya mekubukubu eo, ga e a ka ya utlwa ka dikgato dipe tse di kgethegileng tsa mapodisi go thibela mathata.[5]

Go ya ka John Mercer Langston, yo ka nako eo a neng e le ngwana wa dingwaga di le lesome le bobedi mme moragonyana a nna morutabana le radipolotiki yo o tlotlegang, bagolwane ba bantsho ba ne ba ipapanne ka ditlhobolo, ba rulaganya go iphemela kgatlhanong le tlhaselo mme ba tlhopha Major J. Wilkerson, mo-mulatto, go nna moeteledipele wa bone.[4] Wilkerson o ne a tshotswe e le lekgoba kwa Virginia ka 1813 mme o ne a rekile kgololesego ya gagwe, a nna mogolwane wa kereke ya AME kwa Cincinnati, e leng lekoko le le neng la tlhongwa ka 1819 le kereke ya ntlha e e ikemetseng ya batho bantsho kwa Amerika.

Lwetse a le gane

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ratoropo Samuel W. Davies o ne a bitsa kopano ya phatlalatsa mo mosong o o latelang (Matlhatso), kwa Ntlong ya Kgotlatshekelo go tlotla ka tsela ya go thibela tirisodikgoka e nngwe. Kopano e ne ya swetsa ka gore go batlwe le go tshwara bantsho ba ba neng ba gobaditse basimane ba babedi ba basweu.[5] Setlhopha seo se ne sa pega setshaba sa bantsho molato wa tirisodikgoka fa tota, bantsho ba ne ba iphemetse fela mo ditlhaselong tse dikgolo, tse di rulagantsweng ke basweu.

Le fa setlhopha sa ga ratoropo se ne se kgala thata batho ba ba neng ba batla go fedisa bokgoba, se ne sa ikana gore ga se kitla se itshokela thubakanyo ya segopa sa batho. Balaodi ba ne ba solofetsa go tsaya kgato ya go leleka batho bantsho ba ba sa eletsegeng mo toropong, ba re ba tla diragatsa molao wa batho bantsho wa 1807 le Molao wa Makgoba a a Tshabileng wa 1793. Ba tla sireletsa Maaforika a Amerika le dithoto tsa bone go fitlha ba ntsha madi kgotsa ba tswa mo toropong.

Ditsibogo

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Morulaganyi wa Cincinnati Daily Gazette o ne a bolela gore dikhuduego tseo di ka bo di ile tsa tlholwa mo dikgatong tsa tsone tsa ntlha: "Setlhopha se se ikemiseditseng sa banna ba le masome a matlhano kgotsa lekgolo se ka bo se phatlaladitse boidiidi."

Go ya ka Langston, dikhuduego tsa segopa seno e ne e le "nako e ntsho le e e makgapha go gaisa mo ditsong tsa Cincinnati."

Go tsibogela tshenyo e e bakilweng ke dikhuduego, mo dingwageng di le mmalwa tse di latelang setshaba sa bantsho se ne sa tlhoma mekgatlho e le mmalwa ya go ithusa, go akaretsa le Mokgatlho wa Mmala o o Kopaneng, Barwa ba Kgwebo, le Barwa ba Kgololesego.[6] Mokwadi yo o kgatlhanong le bokgoba Harriet Beecher Stowe o ne a nna kwa Cincinnati ka nako eo mme o ne a tlhotlhelediwa thata ke dipego tsa tirisodikgoka tse a neng a di utlwa go tswa mo batshabing ba ba neng ba tswa mo lefelong la mekubukubu.[7]

  1. ↑ "Timeline of Civil Rights Conflict in SW Ohio". Safe Passage. Greater Cincinnati Television Educational Foundation. Archived from the original on October 21, 2004. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le bosupa ka 2025.
  2. ↑ Middleton, Stephen (2005). The Black Laws: Race and the Legal Process in Early Ohio. Athens: Ohio University Press.
  3. ↑ Middleton, Stephen (1993). The Black Laws in the Old Northwest: A Documentary History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
  4. 1 2 3 Henry Louis Taylor (1993). "John Mercer Langston and the Cincinnati Riot of 1841". Race and the city: work, community, and protest in Cincinnati, 1820-1970. University of Illinois Press. p. 29ff. ISBN 0-252-01986-5.
  5. 1 2 3 "RIOT AND MOBS, CONFUSION AND BLOOD SHED". Cincinnati Daily Gazette. September 6, 1841. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boferabobedi ka 2025.
  6. 1 2 Nikki Marie Taylor (2005). Frontiers of freedom: Cincinnati's Black community, 1802-1868. Ohio University Press. p. 199ff. ISBN 0-8214-1579-4.
  7. ↑ "One of these mobs deserves particular notice, as its victims enlisted deeply the sympathies of Mrs. STOWE. In 1840[sic], the slave catchers, backed by the riff-raff of the population, and urged on by certain politicians and merchants, attacked the quarters in which the negroes reside...From the brow of the hill on which she lived, Mrs. STOWE could hear the cries of the victims, the shouts of the mob, and the reports of the guns and cannon, and could see the flames of the conflagration. To more than one of the fugitives she gave shelter, and wept bitter tears with them." New York Times, 15 November 1852, reprinting an article from the November 1852 edition of Fraser's Magazine, ‘Some Account of Mrs. Beecher Stowe and Her Family; by an Alabama Man’
Retrieved from "https://tn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mekubukubu_ya_1841_kwa_Cincinnati&oldid=40846"