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Meningitis
Meninges of the central nervous system: dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.
SpecialtyInfectious disease, neurology
DikaiFever, headache, neck stiffness[1]
DitamoragoDeafness, epilepsy, hydrocephalus, cognitive deficits[2][3]
CausesViral, bacterial, other[4]
Diagnostic methodLumbar puncture[1]
Differential diagnosisEncephalitis, brain tumor, lupus, Lyme disease, seizures, neuroleptic malignant syndrome,[5] naegleriasis[6]
PreventionVaccination[2]
MedicationAntibiotics, antivirals, steroids[1][7][8]
Frequency8.7 million (2015)[9]
Deaths379,000 (2015)[10]

Meningitis ka kakaretso ke go ruruga mo go tseneletseng ga dimela tse di apesang boboko le lerapo la mokwatla, tse di itsegeng di bidiwameninges.[2] Dikai tsedi tlwaelesegileng thata ke letshoroma, go opiwa ke tlhogo, le go gagamala ga molala.[1] Dikai tse dingwe di akaretsa go tsietsega kgotsa go sa tshwara sentle, go kgwa, le go sa kgona go nna mo lesedingkgotsa medumo e e kwa godimo.[1] Bana ba bannye Gantsi ba supa fela dikai tsedi sa itlhaloseng, jaaka go sa tseega sentle mo mmeleng, go otsela kgotsa go sa a ja sentle. Fa go na le morokologo, go ka supa gore go nale sengwe se se bakang meningitis; sekai, meningitis e e bakiwang ke dibakateria tsa meningococcal e ka patiwa ke sekai sa morokologo.[2][3]

Boruruga jo bo ka nna jwa bakwa ke go tsenwa ke megare, dibakateria, kgotsa ditshedinyana tse dingwe, mme gose kalo ke melemo mengwe . Meningitis e ka nna kotsi mo botshelong ka ntlha ya go bo boruruga jo e le gaufi le boboko le lerapo la mokwatla; ka jalo, seemo se se kaiwa ele satshoganyetso..[2] Go phunya mo lethekeng, mo go tsenngwang lemao mo moseleng wa lerapo la mokwatla go tsaya sampole ya seeledi sa boboko jwa lerapo la mokwatla (CSF), go ka tlhatlhoba kgotsa ga kgaphela meningitis kwa thoko.[8]

Mefuta e mengwe ya bolwetse jwa meningitis e ka thibelwa ka go tiriso ya mokento ya meningococcal, mumps, pneumococcal, le ya mekento ya Hib.[2] Go neela batho dibolayamegare ba ba nang le mefuta e e rileng ya meningitis le gone go ka nna mosola. Kalafi ya ntlha ya meningitis e e tseneletseng e akaretsa go neela dibolayamegare mme ka dinako tse dingwe melemo e e lwantshang megare.[1] Corticosteroid eka dirisiwa gape go thibela mathata a a bakiwang ke borurugo feteletseng.[3] Meningitis e kgona go baka ditlamorago tse di tlhwaafetseng tsedi tsayang lebaka lele telele jaaka go sa utlwa sentle, epilepsy, hydrocephalus, kgotsa cognitive deficits, segolobogolo fa go sa alafiwe ka bonako.[2][3]

Ka 2015, meningitis e ne ya tlhagelela mo bathong ba ka nna didikadike di le 8,7 lefatshe ka bophara.[9] Seno se ne sa felela ka dintsho di le 379 000—palo e e kwa tlase go tswa go dintsho di le 464 000 ka 1990.[10] Ka kalafi e e maleba borai jwa loso mo megareng ya meningitis e kwa tlase ga 15%. Go runya ga megare ya meningitis go diragala magareng ga Sedimonthole le Seetebosigo ngwaga le ngwaga mo borwa jwa Aferika wa Sahara e e bidiwang lebanta la meningitis.[11] Go ka runya mo go nnye mo mafelong a mangwe a lefatshe. Lefoko meningitis le tswa mo go la Segerika μῆνιγξ meninx, "letha", le medical suffix-itis, "boruruga".[12][13]

Ditshupiso

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "CDC2014B".
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sáez-Llorens X, McCracken GH (June 2003). "Bacterial meningitis in children". Lancet. 361 (9375): 2139–48. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13693-8. PMID 12826449.
  3. 1 2 3 4 van de Beek D, de Gans J, Tunkel AR, Wijdicks EF (January 2006). "Community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults". The New England Journal of Medicine. 354 (1): 44–53. doi:10.1056/NEJMra052116. PMID 16394301.
  4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "Ginsberg".
  5. ↑ Ferri, Fred F. (2010). Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier/Mosby. p. Chapter M. ISBN 978-0-323-07699-9.
  6. ↑ Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) (May 2008). "Primary amebic meningoencephalitis – Arizona, Florida, and Texas, 2007". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 57 (21): 573–27. PMID 18509301. Archived from the original on 2 April 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020. Tempolete:Webarchive
  7. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "CDC2016Vir".
  8. 1 2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "IDSA".
  9. 1 2 GBD 2015 Disease Injury Incidence Prevalence Collaborators (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282. {{cite journal}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  10. 1 2 GBD 2015 Mortality Causes of Death Collaborators (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281. {{cite journal}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  11. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "WHO2015".
  12. ↑ Mosby's pocket dictionary of medicine, nursing & health professions (6th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby/Elsevier. 2010. p. traumatic meningitis. ISBN 978-0-323-06604-4. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017.
  13. ↑ Liddell HG, Scott R (1940). "μῆνιγξ". A Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Archived from the original on 8 Ngwanatsele 2013.
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