MmaKgosi Moore
Audley "Mmakgosi" Moore (o o tshotsweng ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa 1898, a tlhokfala ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa 1997), e ne e le molweladitshwanelo wa kwa America le motho montsho o e neng e le tsala le baeteledipele ba balweladitshwanelo ba tshwana le Marcus Gravey, Nelson Mandela, Winnie Mandela,
Mmakgosi Moore | |
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| Ka ga gagwe | |
| Tsalo | Phukwi a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bosupa, ngwaga wa 1898 New Iberia, Louisiana, United States |
| Leso | Motsheganong a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa 1997 |
| O itsege ka | Tuelo kgotsa paakanyo ya bokgoba Ditshwanelo tsa batho kwa America |
Rosa Parks le Jesse jackson. E ne e le motho o o itsegeng mo letsholong la ditshwanelo tsa setho kwa America ebile e le mosimolodi wa Republic of New Afrika. Delois Blakey e ene e le mothusi wa gagwe dingwaga di le masome mabedi. Blakey o ne morago a tlhongwa kwa Ghana e le Nana "mmakgosi".
Botshelo jwa a santse a le mmotlana
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Mmakgosi Moore o tshotswe e le Audley moore kwa New Iberia, kwa Louisana, e le ngwana wa ga Ella le St. Cyr Moore ka Phukwi a le malatsi a le masome mabedi le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 1898. Rragwe, ebong St, Cyr Moore, e ne e le morongwa wa kereke ya Iberia. O ne a nyala gararo mme a na le bana ba ferabobedi. Fa a santse a nyetse Ella Moore, mmakgosi Moore e ne ele ene o motona mo baneng ba le bararo, bomonnawe e le Lorita le Eloise. Fa e santse e le bana, Moore le bomonnawe ba ne ba tsena sekolo sa St. Catherine sa Roma.[1]
Mmagwe Moore o ne a tlhokafala Audley a le dingwaga tse thataro, ene le bomonnawe ba nna mo tlhokomelong ya ga mmabonemogolo. Mmagwemogolo ebong nora Henry, o ne a belegetswe mo bokgobeng, mme fa mmagwe Audley Ella a santse e le ngwana, rragwemogolo o ne a bolawa ke setlhopha sa batho, a tlogela Ella le batsalwa le ene mo tlhokomelong ya ga mmabo. Moore le bomonnawe morago ba boela mo tlhokomelong ya ga rrabo kwa New Orleans, mme rrabo a tlhokafala fa Moore a bala lokwalo lwa bone, a felele a tswa mo sekolong.[1]
Bojaboswa jo bo neng bo lebane Moore le bomonnawe bo ne jwa tsewa ke kgaitsadiabone, mme a ba koba mo lwapeng. Go itshetsa ene le bomonnawe, Moore o ne a rekisa meboulo ya ga rragwe ka palobalo a dirisa madi ao go firisa ntlo. Morago o ne a aketsa batho ka dingwaga tsa gagwe gore a kgone go bereka a dira meriri, maemo a a neng a ba tshetsa ka lobaka.[1]
Kamano ya bone le go lwela ditshwanelo e simolotse fa ba santse ba le makgarejwana, ka Moore le bomonnawe ba gwetlha baagisani ba bone ka ntwa ya lefatshe ya ntlha go thusa batho bantsho ba ba mo ntweng fa ba sana go itse gore lekgotla la Red Cross le ne le thusa masole a mmala o mosweu fela. Monnawe ebong Eloise, o ne a tlhama lekgotla la United Service la ntlha kwa Anniston Alabama. O ne a bona lefelo kwa kagong e e neng e sa dirisiwe kwa masole a lotso lo lontsho ba neng ba ya teng go itapolosa, golo mo pele go neng go letlelelwa masole a masweu fela go go dira.[1]
Ka ngwaga wa 1919, Moore o ne a utlwalela ka Marcus Harvey a ya go mo reetsa a bua kwa New Orleans ka ngwaga wa 1920. ka nako e, moore o ne a nyetswe mme ene le bo monnawe ba tsibogela boswa jwa bone jwa se Aforika morago ga puo ya ga Harvey.[1]
Go lwela ditshwanelo
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Morago ga go tsenela dipuisano tsa ga Marcus Harvey, Moore o ne a simoloa go ipaakanyetsa go fudugela kwa Aforika le monna wa gagwe. le fa go ntse jalo, morago ga go tlelwa ke mathata a tsa selegae, o ne a nna kwa United States, a fudugela pele kwa California, a tloga a ya Chicago pele ga a itshetlela kwa harley, New York le monna wa gagwe le bomonnawe ka ngwaga wa 1922.[1]
Moore o ne a nna bontlha jwa ditlhopha tsa go lweladitshwanelo gantsi; pele ga a nna leloko la phathi ya Communist ka ngwaga wa 1933, Moore o ne a nna leloko la International labor Defense. Mo phathing ya Communist, o ne a ikutlwa a le bontlha jwa setšhaba se a neng a nna mo go sone. O ne a bereka le phathi e ka nakwana pele ga a ithola marapo ka ngwaga wa 1950 ka ntlha ya go dumela gore phathi e ga e sa tlhole e direla dikgathlego tsa batho bantsho.[1]
Morago ga go kopana le Mary McLeod Bethune kwa Washington, Moore o ne a nna leloko la khansele ya basadi ba bantsho. Moore o ne a buisana le boidiidi jwa batho ba ba neng ba kgatlhegela go lwela ditshwanelo tsa batho.[1]
Morago Moore o ne a nna moeteledipele wa UNIA, e e tlhamilweng ka ngwaga wa 1914, ke Marcus Harvey. O ne a tsaya karolo mo bokopanong jwa ntlha jwa ga Harvey kwa New York. Mo godimo ga go nna moeteledipele wa letsholo la ditshwanelo tsa batho, Moore o ne a berekela matsholo a a farologanneg dingwaga di ka nna masome a marataro. O tlhageletse la bofelo mo setšhabeng kwa mogwantong wa Million man a na le Jesse Jackson ka Phalane ngwaga wa 1995.
Moore e ne e le mosimolodi ebile e le tautona wa bokopano jwa basadi ba kwa Ethiopia ebile e le mosimolodi wa komiti e e batlang dituelo tsa dikokomane tsa batswasetlhabelo ba bokgoba kwa United States. E ne e le mongwe wa ba ba simolotseng Republic of New Afrika go lwela go ikemela, lefatshe le dituelo.
Ka ngwaga w a1964, Moore o ne a simolola sekolo sa Eloise Moore College of Africa Studies Mt. Addis Ababa, kwa Parksville New York. Sekolo se se ne sa lora mo molelong ka dingwaga tsa 1970.[1]
Ka dingwaga tsa 1950 le 1960, moore o ne a itsege e le mmueledi wa dituelo tsa batho bantsho ba kwa America. A berekela kwa Harlem le kwa lekgotleng, le kwa bokopanong jwa basadi ba Ethiopia, moore o ne a rotloetsa dituelo go tswa ka 1950 go tsena fa a tlhokafala.
Le ntswa a godiseditswe mo kerekeng ya Catholic, moore o ne a ikgaoganya le yone ka nako ya ntwa ya bobedi ya Italy le Ethiopia, ka Moore a ne dumela gore Moapa Pius wa lesome le bobedi o ne a sa tseye dikgato tse di tshwanetseng mo go emeng nokeng sesole sa Italy, Moore o ne a fetola ditumelo, go tswa mo go nneg morongwa mo kerekeng ya Baptist, go nna leloko la Apostolic Othodox Church of judah, mme morago a kolobediwa mo kerekeng ya Ethiopian Othodox Church. E ne e le mongwe wa basimolodi ba komitiya go emisa kgetholo ya lotso le mmala, khansele ya dikereke tsa New York.
E ne e le mongwe wa basimolodi ba lekgotla la African American Cultural Foundation, le le neng le eteletse pele go ema kgatlhanong le tiriso ya lefoko "Negro".
Ka ngwaga wa 1957, Moore o ne a isa kopo kwa united Nations a isa ya bobedi kwa ngwaga wa 1959, a supa fa a ikemiseditse go ema kgatlhanong le kganyaolo, lefatshe le dituelo, se se dira gore a nne mmueledi wa mafatshe. Fa a buisana le E. Menelik Pinto, Moore o ne a tlhalosa kopo, e mo go yone a neng a kopile di dolara di le didikadike tse di makgolo mabedi go duelela dingwaga tse di makgolo mane tsa bokgoba. Kopo e e ne e kopa gape gore batho bantsho ba kwa America ba ba eletsang go boela kwa Aforika le ba batlang go ala mo America ba duelwe. MmaKgosi Moore ke ene wa ntlha go baya monwana tumalano ya Aforika o mošha.
Moore o tsere loeto go ya kwa Aforika makgetho a le mantsi ka dingwaga tsa 1972 le 1977. Ka loeto lwa gagwe lwa ntlha go ya Aforika ka ngwaga wa 1972, o ne a ya Guinea ka phitlho ya ga Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, pele ga a bilediwa kwa Ghana ke kgosi. kwa Ghana o ne a neelwa maemo a go nna mmakgosi ke morafe wa Ashanti mo moletlong. O ne a boela gape kwa Aforika a ya bokopanong jwa basadi botlhe kwa Tanzania. O ne a ya gape kwa Guinea-Bissau e le moeng wa ga Amilcar Cabral, kwa Nigeria go tsenelela moletlo wa botaki le ngwao, a boela kwa Tanzania go tsenelela bokopano jwa botsalano jwa Aforika le kwa Uganda.[1]
Ka ngwaga wa 1990, Blakey o ne a mo tsaya go ya go kopana le Nelson mandela morago ga go gololwa kwa kgolegelong kwa Aforika Borwa, kwa go neng go nna tautona Kenneth kaunda kwa Lusaka Zambia. Ka ngwaga wa 1996, Blakey o ne a thusa Moore go tlhomamisa Winnie Mandela kwa Lowes kwa New York kwa Harlem.
Modulasetilo wa ntlha wa motho montsho kwa DNC le mokwaledimogolo wa thekiso Ron Brown, Charles Rangel le David Dinkins gammogo le yo a nenga emetse ditlhopho tsa botautona Jesse Jackson ba ne ba eme nokeng, ebile ba tlotla ba bo ba lemoga go sireletsega ga ga Moore jaaka mogolwane wa bogosi kwa setšhabeng sa Harlem.
Ka kgwedi ya motsheganong e le malatsi a mabedi, ngwaga wa 1997, Moore o ne a tlhokafala kwa Brooklyn ka ntlha ya malwetsi a tlholego a le dingwaga tse di masome a ferabongwe le boferabobedi.[2]
Dituelo le kopo kwa United Nations
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Mmakgosi Moore o supiwa e le mongwe wa balweladitshwanelo ba tlhwatlhwa mo ntweng ya dituelo. Maikaelelo a gagwe a mabedi e ne e le go bona mafatshe a duelelwa tse di ba latlhegetseng mo bokgobeng, le go ikemela ga batho bantsho ba America.[3] O ne a buelela go lemoga gore bosetlhogo jo bo dirilweng mo bathong ba Aforika ka nako ya melao ya Jim Crow le ya go tswa ga ma Aforika kwa malwapeng a bone go ya kwa lotshitshing pele ga ba rekisiwa. Tiro ya gagwe e ne e le go nna le seabe se segolo mo go akanyeng ka seabe sa basadi ba bantsho mo go duelweng le go dira makgotla a ditšhaba tsa Aforika le go batla dituelo tsa madi.[4]
ka thotloetso ya ga marcus harvey, Moore o ne a re paakanyo e tshwanetse go akaretsa go busa madi le matlotlo a ngwao a a neng a tserwe ka nako ya bokgoba. Moore o ne a ya go nna leloko la komiti ya ditshwanelo tsa setho, mme a nna le keletso ya go bereka le ditshwanelo, mo go neng go akaretsa go ngoka makgotla a mafatshefatshe. Sebaka se se botlhokwa sa ga Moore ke ka ngwaga wa 1951 fa modulasetilo wa CRC William Patterson a ne a a fa lekgotla la United Nations kopo ya gore "re baya tlhwatlhwa mo kganyaolong".[5] Kopo e e ne ya upolola kgokgontsho y batho bantsho ba America, mme ya gwetlha kgato ya mafatshefatshe. Moore o berekile le Patterson, mme mo tirong eo a simolola go dira maano a go kopa makgotla a mafatshefatshe go baakanya seemo.[4]
Metswedi
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America. "Black Women Oral History Project. Interviews, 1976-1981. Audley Moore. OH-31. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass". Harvard University Library. Retrieved 18 June 2025.
- ↑ Pace, Eric (May 7, 1997). "Queen Mother Moore, 98, Harlem Rights Leader, Dies". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 18 June 2025.
- ↑ Moore, Queen Mother (1973). "The Black Scholar Interviews: Queen Mother Moore". The Black Scholar. 4 (6/7): 47–55. ISSN 0006-4246.
- 1 2 Farmer, Ashley D. (2018). ""Somebody Has to Pay": Audley Moore and the Modern Reparations Movement". Palimpsest: A Journal on Women, Gender, and the Black International. 7 (2): 108–134. ISSN 2165-1612.
- ↑ Farmer, Ashley (February 28, 2019). "Audley Moore and the Modern Reparations Movement - AAIHS". www.aaihs.org. Retrieved 18 June 2025.