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Mmamabula

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Mmamabula ke lefelo kakanyetso la moepo wa magala le lefelo le go fetlhiwang motlakase wa magala kwa botlhaba jwa tsela kgolo le mosele wa seporo mo Botswana fa gare ga Gaborone le Francistown le borwa jwa noka ya Serorome.[1][2] Lefelo le la go fetlha motlakase le tlaa bo le le gaufi le motse wa Mmaphashalala.[1] Le dikhilomithara di le lekgolo, masome a mararo kwa bokone jwa toropokgolo Gaborone.[2]

Moepo wa magala

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Moepo wa Mmamabula o supiwa e le koketso e e kwa bophirima ya moepowa magala wa Waterberg kwa kgampung ya Ellisras kwa Aforika Borwa, kwa botlhaba, o o nang le masome a mane mo lekgolong la metswedi ya magala ya Aforika Borwa.[3] CIC Energy ya Canada e ne e na le diteseletso di le pedi mo moepong wa magala e ne ya epa go sekaseka fa gare ga dingwaga tsa dikete pedi le botlhano le dikepe pedi lesome le bobedi. Dintlha tsa moepo wa magala o CIC Energy e neng e na le diteseletso tsa one di akanyediwa di na le magala a a bolelo a a siametseng go rekisiwa a ka nna bokete jwa di thane di le dibilone di le pedi le bone, go fetlha motlakase mo gae le go moafatsa magala. A a fitlhetsweng kwa Central Block a ka nna dithane di le didikadike di le makgolo a mararo le masome a marataro, kwa Western Block didikadike di le makgolo a marataro, masome a mane le boraro, le sekete, makgolo a mararo, masome a robabongwe le bobedi jwa didikadike kwa Eastern Block.[4] South Block, e e ka fa ntlhang tsotlhe tsa tsela le seporo, e akanyediwa e tshwara makgolo a mararo, lesome le motso la didikadike tsa dithane tsa magala.[3]

Leano la pele la moepo le go fetlha motlakase

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Moepo wa kakanyetso wa Serorome o tlaa bo o le kwa Central Block, o ntsha dithane di le didikadike di le nne le bosupa ka ngwaga mo dingwageng di ka nna masome a mararo, e isa kwa Mmamabula e e nang le di megawattsa di le sekete, le makgolo a mabedi. Moepo o o butsweng o tlaa dirisiwa mo masomeng a mararo mo lekgolong la lefelo leo, mme le le setseng go tlaa dirisiwa moepo wa dikamore le dipilara.[4] Metsi a a tswang mo letamong la Dikgatlhong, le le feditsweng ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bobedi, a ne a solofetswe go isa metsi kwa moepong wa magala le lefelo la go fetlha motlakase le dirisa mosele wa North-South Carrier.[5] Ka Mopitlo ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe, CIC Energy e ne ya itsise fa e beile monwana konteraka le Shanghai Electric go dira tiro ya boinjineere, theko le kago ya Mmamabula Energy Project (MEP), ka ditirelo tsa thekiso di solofetswe go simolola dingwaga di le nne morago ga go sena go baakangwa tsa madi. Kgwedi yone eo, CIC Energy e ne ya isa dikopo kwa Eskom ya Aforika Botwa le Koporase ya motlakase ya Botswana go di fa motlakase.[6]

Lefatshe la Aforika Borwa le ne le na le seelo sa letsatsi le le tlaa phatlalatsang leano la bone ka Lwetse ngwaga wa dikete pedi le lesome. Se se tlaa baya pele leano la Aforika Borwa la go fitlhelela letlhoko le lesha la matla a motlakase go stwa ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome leboraro le go ya pele, mo go neng go akanyediwa le tlaa akaretsa dikago le dikonteraka tsa puso le dikonetraka le CIC Energy. Lefatshe la Aforika Borwa le ne la re ga le kake la itlama mo tumalanong epe ya theko ya motlakase le CIC pele ga IRP e tlhomamisiwa. Tiego e tlaa ama lefatshe la Botswana, le le neng le tlhoka bontlha jwa dipoelo tsa lefelo leo go fitlhelela letlhoko.[7] IRP e ne ya fediwa ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso. E ne e sa akaretse nako ya theko kwa Mmamabula pele ga ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabongwe, gape selekanyo se se tlaa rekiwang se tlaa nna kwa tlase ga di megawatts di le sekete le makgolo a mabedi. CIC Energy e ne ya patelesega go tshegetsa porojeke morago ga go beeletsa ka didkadike di feta lekgolo.[6]

Ditlhabololo tse di diragetseng morago

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Pele ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso go ne ga bigiwa fa JSW Energy ya India e tlaa okamela Mmamabula. Se se diragetse ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bobedi. JSW Energy ke bontlha jwa Jindal Group, e modulasetilo wayone e leng Sajjan Jindal.[8] Morago go ne ga nna le dipelaelo tsa gore ba China ba tlaa batla go e reka. Le fa go ntse jalo, letlhoko la seelo se se kwa godimo sa go goroga kwa didrisiweng tsa maemelo a dikepe e tlaa nna poelo morago mo thekisong ya magala[9]. Patlisiso ya pele ya go aga dikago go rekisa dithane di le didkadike di le lesome tsa magala ka ngwaga go ralala Namibia di ne tsa fa kakanyetso ya dibilone di le pedi le botlhano go aga seporo se sesha sa boleele kwa dikhilomithara di le sekete, le makgolo a matlhano, le mosele wa magala o o lopang bilone e le nngwe, le maemelo a dikepe a masha kwa Luderitz kgotsa Walvis Bay.[10] CIC Energy e ne ya tswelela ka go batla mopati kgotsa moreki. Ka Mopitlo ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bobedi, mogwebi wa lotso lwa Dutch wa maatla a motlakase Vitol Energy ba ne ba tsaya 9.1% ya bontlha jwa CIC Energy, ba beeletsa madi a a neng a tlhokega thata a go dira.[11]

Ka teseletso ya CIC e tlhoka go ntshafadiwa, lephata la ditswammung, kgothetso le metsi le ne la batla batho ba ba ka tlhokomelang South Block le Central Block ka Seetebosigo ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bobedi. Mafelo a mabedi a a ne a na le magala a bokete jwa dithane di le makgolo a marataro le masome a supa. Ba ba supang kgatlhego ba tlaa sekasekiwa go ya ka gore ba ka simolola go diragatsa ka bofefo jo bo kae.[12] Le fa go nste jalo, ka Phatwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome lebobedi, puso e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go ntshafatsa teseletso ya CIC mo Central Block, e e nang le dithane di le didikadike di le makgolo a mararo, masome a marataro le motso. Morago ga beke, lekgotla la Competititon Authority le ne la tlhomamisa kakanyetso ya gore CIC Energy e tsewe ke Jondal Steel and Power. Jindal e tlhoka magala a mantis thata go dirisiwa kwa mafelong a phetlho motlakase a India. Jindal Steel and Power, e modulasetilo wa yone e leng Naveen Jindal, ke bontlha jwa setlhopha sa Jindal Group.[8] Ka Lwetse ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bobedi go ne ga itsisiwe fa Jindal Steel and Power e fetsa theko ya didikadike di le lekgolo, lesome le borataro jwa di dolara ya CIC Energy, e tsaya ditshwanelo tsa yone mo moepong wa magala. Jindal e ne ya re e akanyetsa go beeletsa ka madi a di dolara a le didikadike di le makgolo a supa go tlhabolola moepo wa magala le lefelo la go fetlha motlakase la di megawatts di le makgolo a mararo. Gape e tlaa tlhabolola dithekiso tsa magala, ka seporo go ya Mozambique. Tumalano e ne e ka diragala fela fa tona wa ditwammung, kgothetso le mesti a dumalana.[13]

Manganga

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Ka Tlhakole ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi, David Wheeler wa Center fo Global Development o ne a gatisa pampiri e e sekasekang phefo ya carbon dioxide e e ntshiwang ke lefelo la phetlho motlakase la Mmamabula, le World Bank e neng e akanyetsa go le ntshetsa madi. O ne a tshwantshanya tlhwatlhwa ya motlakase le motlakase o o phepa, mme a bona fa masome a mararo le botlhano a ka dira gore motlakase wa letsatsi o nne botoka mo itsholelong. O ne a gakolola gore mpho ya madi go tswa kwa Bank's Clean Technology Fund mo diporojekeng tsa mofyuta o e le botoka go na le kadimo ya madi go epa magala mo go ikgatholosang tlhwatlhwa mo tikologong.[14]

Metswedi

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  1. 1 2 Horvei, Tore (17 July 2009). "Mmamabula Energy Project ("MEP"), Botswana – "The Road to Financial Close"" (PDF). CIC Energy. Retrieved 22 July 2026
  2. 1 2 "$300m dam in Botswana to be complete by 2012". Engineering News. 16 July 2010. Retrieved 22 July 2026
  3. 1 2 CIC Energy (2010). "Mmamabula Coalfield". Archived from the original on 6 November 2010. Retrieved 22 July 2026
  4. 1 2 CIC Energy (February 2012). "Mmamabula Coalfield". Archived from the original on 6 November 2010. Retrieved 22 July 2026
  5. ↑ "$300m dam in Botswana to be complete by 2012". Engineering News. 16 July 2010. Retrieved 22 July 2026
  6. 1 2 CIC Energy (July 2011). "Mmamabula Energy Project". Archived from the original on 22 September 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2026
  7. ↑ Benza, Brian (25 June 2010). "CIC still bullish about Mmamabula". Mmegi Online. Retrieved 22 July 2026
  8. 1 2 Benza, Brian (24 August 2012a). "Indian firm gets nod to buy Mmamabula". Mmegi Online. Retrieved 22 July 2026
  9. ↑ "Takeover hopes brighten for Mmamabula, Mmamantswe". Mmegi Online. 20 January 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2026
  10. ↑ "Pre-feasibility study for the export of coal from the Mmamabula Coal Fields, Botswana". Aurecon Group Brand (Pte) Ltd. Retrieved 22 July 2026
  11. ↑ "Shot in the arm for Mmamabula". Mmegi Online. 29 March 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2026
  12. ↑ "Scramble for Mmamabula licences draws 39 firms". Mmegi Online. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2026
  13. ↑ Benza, Brian (7 September 2012b). "Indian firm to invest P5bn to develop Mmamabula". Mmegi Online. Retrieved 22 July 2026
  14. ↑ Wheeler, David (15 February 2008). "Crossroads at Mmamabula: Will the World Bank Choose the Clean Energy Path? - Working Paper 140". Center for Global Development. Retrieved 22 July 2026
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