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Mmino wa Botswana

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Mmino wa Botswana o akaretsa ditso tse di farologaneng, go simolola ka diletso tsa bogologolo-tala tse di epolotsweng mo maruping go ya kwa badiragatsing ba segompieno ba ditiro tsa bone di setseng di fitlheletse dikgatong tsa sechaba. Botswana ke lefatshe mo Aferika le le bopilweng ka merafe e e farologaneng mme morafe wa Batswana ke one o o fitlhelwang ka dipalopalo mo lefatsheng le. Mmino ke karolo e tona ya ngwao ya Botswana ebile o akaretsa mefuta ya segompieno le ya setso. Dikhwaere tsa dikereke di tlwaelesegile dintlheng tsotlhe tsa lefatshe le. Mofuta wa mmino wa lefatshe le, o supa ditso tsa lone jaaka e le marakanelo a batho ba letso la borwa jwa Aferika, jaaka e le lefatshe le le neng la sireletswa ke batho-basweu, le lefatshe le e neng ya re go tsaya boipuso ya nna lengwe la mafatshe a godisitseng itsholelo ya lone ka thekiso ya diteemane. Mefuta ya mmino wa Aferika Borwa le wa legare la Aferika o fitlhelwa mo lefatsheng le, ga mmogo le mmino wa Setswana.

Diletso tsa bogologolo le tsa pele ga puso ya batho-basweu

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Seletso sa bogologolo se se fitlhelwang mo lefelong le le bidiwang Botswana gompieno ke seburuburu. Seburuburu ke seletso se se dirilweng ka lerapo, le le epolotsweng kwa moepong wa Matlapaneng mme le supa fa le na le dingwaga di ka nna sekete. Phala e go supang e na le dingwaga di le makgolo a le boferabongwe e ne ya epololwa kwa moepong wa Bosutswe ; e na le phatlha e le nngwe e moletsi a e bipang go farologanya modumo. Lerapo ke lone fela sedirisiwa se se thata mo se ka kgonang go tshela ka lobaka lo loleele jalo, se se raya gore go na le diletso tse dingwe tsa bogologolo tse di neng di letswa nako e o mme tsa tlhoka go sireletsega. [1]

Bogologolo, diletso di ne di tsewa jaaka didirisiwa tse di botlhokwa tsa motho a le nosi ga mmogo le morafe. Beng ba tsone gantsi ba ne ba di sireletsa go ya go ileng, fa tse dingwe e ne e le boswa jwa morafe ebile thekiso ya tsone e sa letlelesege ntle le tetla ya kgosi. Fa godimo ga moo, di ne di na le karolo ya bodumedi; ditsompelo tse di neng di dirisiwa go dira diletso ga mmogo le ditshegofatso tse di neng di beilwe fa godimo ga tsone, di ne di na le bokao jwa semowa. Mmino o ne o dirisiwa mo meketeng ya go kopa pula, mo dinakong tsa ntwa, mo dipelaetsong go ema kgatlhanong le bogogi jwa dikgosi le mo meletlong e e supang phetogo ya dipaka tsa botshelo go akaretsa go rewa-leina, go rupa, go simolola 'bogolo', lenyalo le diphitlho.Dingaka tse di neng di bidiwa 'meroka ya pula' di ne di fisetsa melemo ya Setswana mo teng ga dinaka tsa diphologolo go dira mosi o go neng go dumelwa fa o nesa pula.[2]

Mo diphekong tse di neng di tsholwa ke banna ba Batswana mo dingwageng di feta sekete le makgolo a le boferabongwe go leleka bosula, nngwe e ne e le phala e e neng e dirisiwa go tlhagisa ka kotsi.[3]

Mmino wa setso

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Mefuta ya mmino wa Setswana

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Dipina tsa setso ke tsone mofuta wa mmino wa Setswana o o itsegeng thata , segolobogolo tsa morafe wa Batswana.[4] Dipina tsa Setswana di ageletswe mo sekaleng sa medumo e le metlhano mme gantsi di na le molodi o mokhutshwane o o kwa tlase ga okotheifi e le nngwe . Di rulagantswe go dikologa pitso le tsibogo : motlhabeletsi o simolola pina mme a latelelwe ke baopedi ba bangwe, e ka nna ka go boeletsa molodi kgotsa go neelana ka tsibogo e e lekalekanang. Tatelano e, e a boeletswa, ka dinako tse dingwe e tsaya metsotso e le mmalwa. E re ka Setswana e le puo ya modumo, pharologano ya medumo e na le bokao mme e logetswe mo tiragatsong ya mmino, tota-tota fa e kopantswe le diphala. Dikago tsa sekale sa melodi e supa di ne tsa tlwaelesega thata fa mmino o ntse o mona ditlhotlheletso tsa mafatshe a sele fa nako e ntse e tsamaya.[5]

Mmino le motshameko wa go bina ga di kgaogane mo Botswana. Motshameko wa go bina, wa setso, o akaretsa go tshikhinyega ga mmele otlhe, mme diletso ka bontsi di tlhoka motsamao o o rulagantsweng e bile o se motlhofo gore di tshameke sentle, segolobogolo diletso tse di akaretsang matlhao a a rwalwang mo maotong kgotsa mo matsogong. Popego ya sefatlhego fa o bina le yone e tsewa e le karolo ya tiragatso. [6][7]

Mefuta ya dipina e e farologaneng e amangwa le ditshetlana tse di farologaneng. Dipina tsa metshameko di dirisa medumo e e kgonyang e dirwa ka go opa diatla kgotsa go letsa matlhowa.[8] Dipina tsa go feta dikgato dingwe tsa botshelo di na le melaetsa ya go nna monana, go sa itse sepe, le go itsheka, dipina tsa basetsana gantsi di na le moropa. Dipina tsa ntwa mo ngwaong di akaretsa phala ya motlhatswa kgotsa lonaka lwa lepatata. Dipina tsa phodiso, se di bidiwang phekolo, di santse di opelwa mo Botswana wa gompieno, le ntswa di dule mo dikgotleng go nna mo sephiring gape di dirisa dipina tsa sesha eseng sa mo ditsong.[9]

Go opela mo setshabeng ke ngwao e tona ya mmino wa Botswana, go opelwa ka dilthopha tsa dingwaga kgotsa bong, gantsi go opelwa go sena diletso kgotsa di se dintsi. Mo Basarweng le ditlhopha tse dingwe, mmino mo ditsong o ne o dirisiwa go etsa medumo ya diphologolo e akaretsa medumo ya dinonyane di bitsa, le ka setinkane, go diriwa modumo wa ditlhako.[3] Basadi bangwe ba Batswana ba kgona go letsa mogolokwane, e le tsela ya go duduetsa.[8]

Diletso tsa setso

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Pharologanyo ya diletso tsa Botswana tsa setso e supa popego ya lefatshe le go farologana ga batho ba lone. Mafelo a a senang palo e ntsi ya batho a na le dingwao tse di farologaneng go tswa kwa bophirima jwa Kalahari, setshaba sengwe le sengwe sa morafe se tshegetsa ngwao ya yone mo go letseng seletso.[10]

Diletso tse di itewang

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Matlhowa a rwalwa mo maotong, a dirilwe ka mekone e le makgolo e beilwe mo metsing, ya tsenngwa dipeo, ya omisiwa e bo e fapiwa ka mogala. Matlhowa a mangwe a dirilwe go dirisiwa ditsebe tsa ditshephe.[11]Go dirisiwa gape le di-clapper tsa logong le di-clapper tsa marapo tse di dirilweng ka lerapo. Go opa diatla go botlhokwa thata mo ditlwaelong tsa go opela tsa Batswana le Ba-San, gantsi ka morethetho wa 4/4 kgotsa 2/4, mme go ya ka ditso go ne go tsewa e le seabe sa basadi mo dipineng tsa setšhaba. [12]

Meropa ga e a tlwaelega thata mo mminong wa Setswana go na le mo ditlwaelong tse dingwe tsa Seaforika, ka ntlha ya bothata jwa go bona ditlhare tse dikgolo tse di lekaneng go tlamela ka didirisiwa mo Sekakeng sa Kalahari. [12]Mofuta o le mongwe fela wa moropa o o fitlhelwang mo mminong wa setso wa Setswana ke moropa, o o ka dirwang go tswa mo setlhareng sa setlhare, nkgwana ya mašwi kgotsa thini. [13]Meropa ya segompieno mo Botswana gantsi e na le matlhakore a le mabedi, e dirilwe ka silindara se sekhutshwane sa tshipi se se phuthetsweng ka letlalo la kgomo. [12]Batho ba Kalanga ba dirisa meropa gantsi go feta batho ba bangwe ba Botswana.[14] Ba-Mbukushu ba dirisa meropa e e tshamekiwang ka go kgatikanya lotlhaka mo tlhogong ya moropa. Ba-Herero ba dirisa ongoma e e nang le matlhakore a mabedi e e itewang ka dithobane. Batho ba Kgatla ba simolotse go dirisa meropa mo meletlong ya basadi ya bojale ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le bongwe.[12]

Setinkane, piano ya monwana, e nnile sengwe sa diletswa tsa setso se se tshamekiwang thata mo Botswana go tloga bogareng jwa ngwagakgolo wa bo masome a mabedi mme se tumile thata mo bathong ba Ba-San ka baopedi ba ba akaretsang ! Kaha.[[15]

Mogala

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Diletso tsa mmino ke diletswa tse di tlwaelegileng tsa dinaka mo mminong wa Batswana.

Diletswa tsa megala tsa mmino ke diletswa tse di tlwaelegileng tsa dinaka, go akaretsa lengope, nkokwane, segwana le mafata-iswaneng. Di-bow tse di farologaneng di utlwala ka molomo, ka goya, ka thini, kgotsa ka mmu.[16] Dipina le diletswa tsa dinaka di bopa karolo e kgolo ya mmino wa Setswana.[4]Segankuru, kana segaba, se tshwarwa mo legetleng ka mogala mme se tshamekiwa ka motsu ka tsela e e kgolokwe, se tshwana le fiolo. E dirisa bora jo bo nang le moriri wa mogatla wa kgomo le thini e le modumo, mme ke seletswa sa setso se se fitlhelwang thata mo mminong wa segompieno wa Setswana.[13] [17]Leshiba, e e bidiwang gape kwadi kgotsa gora, e kopanya phefo le mogala ka go baya molomo mo motlhomong o o tsamayang ka boleele jwa mogatla. [17]Ba-San ba tshameka quashi, e e tshwanang le bora, gape ba ne ba dirisa seletswa se se nang le dinaka di le nne go ya go di le supa se se itsegeng ka maina a le mmalwa a a akaretsang daukashe le dzoma, se se tshamekiwang se dutse ka resonator e lebile kwa teng.[18]

Phefo

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Didirisiwa tsa phefo ka tlwaelo di ne di dira ditiro tse di jaaka puisano magareng ga badisa, go bitsa dikgomo, go bitsa meya, le go tlhagisa ka tlhaselo.[19]Didiriswa tsa setso tsa phefo gantsi di dirwa ka lerapo, lotlhaka, kgotsa lonaka lwa phologolo. [16]Lengwane le motlhatswa, tse di dirilweng ka lerapo la podi le kala ya setlhare e e phuthetsweng, di fokelwa kwa godimo. Lepapata, e e dirilweng ka go ina lenaka la kudu e kgolwane kgotsa tshukudu ya sable mo metsing a a bolelo go e bopa, e ne e dirisiwa ke batho ba Batswana go keteka le go tlhagisa ka tlhaselo.[20]maphatlo a lotlhaka a ne a akaretsa mpenyane e khutshwane e e nang le modumo o o kwa godimo le meporo e e nang le modumo o o kwa tlase, e e neng e ka nna boleele jwa dimetara di le pedi. Diphala tsa tshipi di ne tsa emisetsa diphala tsa lotlhaka mo lekgolong la bo masome a mabedi la dingwaga. [21] Go farologana le batho ba bogare jwa Afrika, batho ba Botswana ga ba ise ba itsege ka go dirisa dinaka tsa dinaka tsa tlou.[20]

Dikhwaere

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Dikhwaere ke mmino wa setso wa Setswana wa khwaere le mmino wa go bina o mo go one ditlhopha di opela mmogo le go opela ka motsamao o o rulagantsweng. E amanngwa thata le kgaolo ya Kgatleng le dikarolo tse dingwe tsa borwa jwa Botswana. Lefoko khwaere le tserwe mo lefokong la Sekgowa "choir". Dikwaere tsa Dikhwaere di tshameka mo meletlong ya setso, mo meletlong ya lefatshe ka paka ya meletlo, le mo ditiragalong tsa bosetšhaba. Fa e sale go tlhomiwa ga Kgaisano ya Botaki ya Letsatsi la Tautona, e setse e le mofuta wa kgaisano o o tlisang dikgele tsa madi. Mmino wa Dikopelo wa Bakgatla ba Kgafela, wa setso sa Bakgatla ba Kgafela, o amogetswe ke UNESCO jaaka karolo ya ngwao-boswa ya setso e e sa tshwaregeng.[22] Dr Vom (Kangangwani Mogocha), yo o belegweng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bosupa kwa Kgaolong ya Bokone-Botlhaba, ke motaki yo o tumileng thata wa segompieno mo mofuteng wa dikhwaere. Pina ya gagwe ya ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa "Tsaya Thobane", e e rekotilweng ka tirisanommogo le Rangers Marena Choir go tswa Artesia, e ne ya nna karolo ya ditiragalo tsa bosetšhaba tsa metshameko le dikokoano tsa setso mo e leng gore e tlhalosiwa mo metsweding ya dikgang ya Botswana jaaka pina ya bosetšhaba e e seng ya semmuso. Mo moletlong wa 50T050 wa dingwaga tse di masome matlhano tsa boipuso jwa Botswana ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro , Dr Vom o ne a gogelwa kwa seraleng kwa ntle ga kitsiso mme boidiidi bo ne jwa opela mmogo go fitlha ba opela ka botlalo, morago ga moo Mokhomišenara wa Kgaolo ya Gaborone o ne a etelela pele mosepele wa dikilometara di le tlhano a tsweledisa pina. [23]

Motlha wa Bokoloni le go Kwala ga Bogologolo

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Go simologa ka ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le borobabongwe, bafaladi go tswa kwa United Kingdom ba ne ba simolola go goroga ka palo e kgolo mme ba bitsa kolone eo Bechuanaland.[24]Barongwa ba kwa Yuropa ba ba neng ba goroga mo lekgolong la bo lesome le borobabongwe la dingwaga le mo masimologong a lekgolo la bo masome a mabedi la dingwaga ba ne ba gwetlha kamano e e gaufi fa gare ga mmino wa setso le mekgwa ya semoya ya batho ba ba tlholegileng koo, mme melao e e neng ya tlhomiwa ke puso ya bokoloniale e ne ya fedisa dingwao di le dintsi tsa mmino tsa letsatsi le letsatsi. Go tlhoka kgatlhego ga barongwa mo go kwaleng mmino wa setso go ne go raya gore o ne wa gatisiwa ka botlalo go na le ditlhogo tse dingwe tsa nako eo. [25] Ditumelo tsa Sekeresete tse di neng di tlhabolotswe ka tlholego, jaaka Zion Christian Church, di tsenyeletsa dipina tsa tlholego tsa phodiso mo ditlwaelong tsa bone.[6]

Fa thulaganyo ya thuto ya Botswana e ntse e gola ka bo ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano, go ne ga rutiwa kwa khwaereng mme ya nna tiro e e tumileng ya go gaisana. The Brown Kalanga Wizards e ne e le setlhopha sa ntlha sa go gatisa go tswa mo lefatsheng le jaanong e leng Botswana, e e tlhamilweng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano mme ya tlhagisa alebamo tse pedi.[14] Mmino wa setso o itemogetse go tsoga gape jaaka karolo ya motsamao wa boipuso jwa Botswana le go agiwa ga boitshupo jwa bosetšhaba mo dingwageng tse di lesome tse di tshwanang.[4]

Morago ga boipuso le Seromamowa

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Go ne ga simololwa dikgaso tsa seromamowa sa sechaba ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro, ka dikopelo le dipina tsa setso e le tsone tse di neng di tlwaelegile go gaisa mo moyeng. [14]Moopedi wa mmino wa setso le seletswa sa segaba Ratsie Setlhako e ne e le mongwe wa baopedi ba ba tumileng thata morago ga boipuso, a opela kwa ditiragalong tse dintsi tsa bosetšhaba go tloga ka boipuso jwa Botswana ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borataro go fitlha a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borataro. [26]

Botswana e ne e le nngwe ya dinaga tsa ntlha tsa Afrika go tlhabolola hip hop morago ga gore mofuta ono wa mmino o goroge mo masimologong a dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi.[27]Mmino wa setso o ne wa boa wa tsosolosiwa ke setlhopha sa mmino sa Mogwana ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bongwe. [25]Mmino wa Aforika Borwa, go akaretsa kwaito le motswako, o ne wa anama kwa Botswana morago ga go khutla ga puso ya tlhaolele ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone le go bulelwa ga phapanyetsano ya setso go kgabaganya melelwane.

Botsamaisi jwa Ditlhaeletsano tsa Botswana bo simolotse go ntsha diteseletso tsa go gasa seromamowa se se ikemetseng ka nosi ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi. Yarona FM le Gabz FM ka bobedi di simolotse ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe.[28]Yarona FM, e e simolotseng go gasa ka kgwedi ya Phatwe e le masome a mabedi le bobedi ,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe, e ne e le letshwao la seromamowa la ntlha se se ikemetseng mo lefatsheng mme kwa tshimologong se ne se akaretsa Gaborone mo sekgaleng sa dikilometara di le masome a matlhano pele se amogela teseletso ya kgaso ya bosetšhaba ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa . E ne ya abelwa seetsele sa ko dietseleng tsa Botswana Music Awards ya Best Radio Station ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi le wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe . Mananeo a yone a ne a lebagane thata le RnB, hip hop, motswako, le pop, mme e ne e le nngwe ya diforamo tse dikgolo tse mmino wa Botswana o neng wa fitlha kwa babogeding ba baša mo nageng yotlhe. [29] Jazz ya Afrika Borwa, kwaito, le hip hop e ne ya nna mefuta e metona ya mmino mo Botswana kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe, mme hip hop e ne ya feta kwaito go nna mofuta wa mmino o o tumileng thata mo nageng eo ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro2003.[27]

Hip hop le motswako

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Hip hop e ne ya fitlha kwa Botswana go tswa kwa United States kwa tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi, kwa tshimologong e ne ya amogelwa ke bana ba ba tswang mo malapeng a maemo a a fa gare ba ba neng ba tlwaelane le setso sa Amerika ka thelebišene le mmino o o tswang kwa dinageng tse dingwe. [27]Ka ntlha ya seno, go tshameka mmino wa rap ka Sekgowa kwa Botswana gantsi go dirisa Sekgowa sa Amerika. Hip hop ya Botswana ya pele e ne e na le tekeletso, metšhini ya meropa, beatboxing, turntablism, le diletswa. [27]Kgokagano ya yone ya pele le khumo le maemo a a kwa godimo e ne ya dira kgatlhanong le yone, mme mo dingwageng tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe mofuta ono o ne wa kgethololwa ke difeshene tsa direkoto, batlhagisi ba ditiragalo, le beng ba ditlelapa go na le kwaito.

Nako e e botlhokwa thata mo hisitoring ya mofuta ono wa mmino wa Botswana e ne ya tla ka radio. Ndala Baitsile, yo o itsegeng jaaka DJ Sid, o ne a tsamaisa lenaneo le le bidiwang Rap Blast kwa Radio Botswana 2 (RB2) kwa tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe. David Balsher (Draztik) le Salim Mosidinyane (Slim) ba ne ba latela, ba tsamaisa lenaneo la Strictly Hip Hop mo RB2 le la Sprite Rap Activity ya Yarona FM, fa bobedi jwa bone e ne e le maloko a setlhopha sa hip hop sa Cashless Society. Diphasalatso tse di tlisitse mofuta ono go babogedi ba ba oketsegileng le fa go na le kganetso ya mohamawa diletso. [27] Ba bangwe ba ba neng ba tsamaisa radio, jaaka David Molosiwa (D-Ski), le bone ba ne ba nna le seabe mo go anameng ga yone.[30]

Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi, ditso tsa mmino wa hip hop di ne tsa tokafala fela thata. Ditlhopha tse disha tse di akaretsang Tha Orakle, Apollo Diablo (moragonyana Apollo D), Zeus, Scar, le Stagga di ne tsa nna le balatedi ba ba oketsegileng mo nageng yotlhe. DJ Sid le Prez Beatz ba ne ba kgobokanya P-Side Compilation e e nang le tlhotlheletso, e e neng e na le baopedi Mista Doe, Nomadic, Scar, le Desma. Channel O Award for Best Southern African Artist e ne ya ya kwa go Mista Doe ka ngwaaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro ka Hot to Death, e leng tlotlo ya ntlha ya kontinente e e neng ya fiwa moopedi wa hip hop wa kwa Botswana. [27]The Wizards e ne e le nngwe ya ditlhopha tsa ntlha tsa hip hop mo Botswana, gape e ne e tsenyeletsa reggae le rhythm and blues. Setlhopha sa Phat Boy se amogetse baopedi ba hip hop ba Batswana. [4]

Motswako ke mofuta wa mmino wa hip hop o o fitlhelwang fela mo Botswana, o o tlhamilweng ka Setswana. E ne ya tumisiwa ke Tebogo Mapine, yo o itsegeng ka leina la Nomadic, motaki wa mo Afrika Borwa yo a tsholetsweng kwa Francistown yo e neng e le leloko la setlhopha sa Gaborone sa P-Side Crew go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone.[27] Thato Matlhabaphiri (Scar) le Game Bantsi (Zeus) ke bataki ba motswako ba ba itsegeng thata ba ba tlhagileng mo kokomaneng ya morago ga ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome. Zeus, yo le ene a neng a tlhagelela mo go Big Brother Africa, o ne a tlhalosa motswako e le selo se se simologileng mo setsong sa Batswana le mo setsong sa Seaforika. Morago ga ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome , go ne ga tlhagelela di rapper tsa basadi tse di itsegeng go akaretsa Sasa Klaas, yo o neng a tshameka kwa DStv iRock Festival kwa Afrika Borwa. [30]Diopedi tsa mmino wa hip hop kwa Botswana di golagane le go abelana dikgang ka botlalo.[27]

Kwaito le kwasa kwasa

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Kwaito e simolotse go tswa mo metsesetoropong ya Johannesburg ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe e le mofuta o o kopantseng marabi, kwela, mbaqanga, le pop ya Afrika Borwa. E ne ya kgabaganya go ya kwa Botswana mme ya dira gore go nne le ditiragalo tse di botlhokwa mo lefelong leo. Frank Lesokwane e ne e le motaki wa kwaito yo o atlegileng thata mo kgwebong kwa Botswana mo masimologong a dingwaga tsa bo dikete tse pedi . Thabo Mapetla Ntirelang ke mongwe wa bataki ba kwaito ba ba itsegeng.[14] Kwaito e tshamekwa ka bontsi ka dipuo tsa Afrika Borwa jaaka Afrikaans le Sezulu, gammogo le American English.[27]

Kwaito kwasa, mofuta wa mmino o o tlhamilweng ke Odirile Vee Sento, yo o itsegeng ka leina la Vee Mampeezy, ka go kopanya kwaito le morethetho wa kwasa kwasa, o tsewa e le mofuta wa mmino wa kwa Botswana. Dibidio tsa mmino tsa Vee Mampeezy, tse di mmalwa tsa tsone di bonwe ke batho ba le dimilione, di ne tsa tsamaisiwa ke motshameki wa bidio Jack Bohloko, yo tirisanommogo ya gagwe le motshameki wa Afrika Borwa Master KG mo pineng Tshinada e dirileng bidio e e neng ya bonwa ke batho ba le dimilione di le lesome mo YouTube. [31]

Kwasa kwasa, mofuta wa go bina o o simolotseng kwa lefatsheng la Democratic Republic of Congo, o ne wa tsenngwa mo Botswana ke bataki ba ba akaretsang Franco Lesokwane, Chris Manto 7, Les Africa Sounds, le Jeff Matheatau. Lefoko "kwasa kwasa" ke lefoko la Sefora la kwa Congo le le rayang gore "tsamaisa mmele wa gago".[27]

Mmino o o tumileng

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Mmino o o tumileng wa kwa Botswana o bidiwa jazz, e leng mmino o o tlwaelegileng mo mafatsheng a Afrika, le fa gone o farologane le mmino wa jazz o o simologileng kwa mafatsheng a Bophirima. Botswana e na le baopedi ba le mmalwa ba mmino o o tumileng, mme bontsi jwa mmino o o tumileng mo lefatsheng leno o tswa kwa Yuropa, Afrika Borwa le United States.[32] American rock le mmino wa seopedi di teng mo Botswana.[27]

Tlhabololo ya mmino wa rock kwa Botswana e nnile ka bonya.[33]Mmino o ne wa gola ka ntlha ya metswedi ya dikgang jaaka MTV, Channel O, le inthanete. Fa e sa le ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi, go ile ga tlhomiwa ditlhopha di le dintsi tse disha tsa mmino, mme dingwe tsa tsone di ile tsa etela kwa borwa jwa Afrika. Setso sa roko se ile sa lemogiwa fa ditlhopha tsa mmino di ne di kopana mo loetong lwa "Rock Against AIDS". Crackdust e ne e le setlhopha se se tumileng sa mmino wa metal kwa Botswana. National Music Eisteddfod e tshwarwa ngwaga le ngwaga kwa Selebi-Phikwe. [34]

Bataki ba segompieno

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Baopedi ba mmino wa Soul, R&B, le wa mefuta e e farologaneng

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Mpho Sebina (o belegwe ka 18 Phukwi 1989, Mochudi) ke motaki wa Botswana yo o itsegeng lefatshe ka bophara wa motlha wa segompieno. Moopedi le mokwadi wa dipina yo o dirang mo soul, R&B, jazz, Setswana folk, le Afro-fusion, o ithutile kwa Multimedia University of Malaysia pele ga a tsenela mmino. Ka Lwetse 2018, Global Citizen e ne ya mmitsa "motaki yo o tshwanetseng go elwa tlhoko". Ka 2019 o ne a tlhophiwa jaaka mongwe wa baamogedi ba le lesome ba thutego ya mmino ka Goethe Institute le Pop Kultur Festival kwa Berlin. Ka 2024, o ne a nna leloko la Recording Academy, e e okametseng dikgele tsa Grammy, a mo dira moopedi wa ntlha wa Motswana go fitlhelela pharologano eo. Kgalaletso e ne ya latelwa ke taletso ya 67th Annual Grammy Awards.[35]

Dato Seiko (yo o belegweng e le Katlego Ntirang) ke moopedi le mokwadi wa dipina wa kwa Gaborone yo o dirang ka mmino wa alternative, R&B, le soul. O ithutetse go dira difilimi kwa AFDA Botswana, mme a golola EP ya gagwe ya ntlha Grace Effect ka ngwaag wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe.Pina ya gagwe e nngwe ya gagwe ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro ya The Vow e ne ya tsamaisiwa ka Warner Music Africa mme ya dira ditshwantsho tse di fetang dikete tse masome a mane le bone tse di dirilweng ke badirisi mo maranyaneng aTikTok ka palo e e kopaneng ya dipontsho e feta dimilione di le 44.8. [36]

Boago Fenju (yo o belegweng Boago Setiko, Gaborone) ke moopedi wa mmino wa gospel, jazz, le neo-soul yo o golotseng dialebamo di le tharo ka fa tlase ga Chankieland Production Studios magareng ga ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe le ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone.. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mongwe wa bafenyi ba le barataro mo kgaisanong ya bobedi ya African Music Academy (AMA) go ralala kontinente yotlhe ya Afrika le boditšhabatšhaba, a nna leloko la komiti ya tlotlo ya AMA.[37]

Khoisan ke baopedi ba babedi ba moopelo wa Afro-fusion ba ba tswang kwa Gaborone e e bopilweng ke Thabang Rasefako le Oratile Kofa. Ba kopane ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi ka fa tlase ga Roc Lefatshe Records, duo e ne ya dira tumalano ya go gatisa le lekwalodikgang la Afrika Borwa la Muthaland ka pina ya bone ya ntlha Marabele mme ya tshameka mo Mafikeng FM. Pina ya bone ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe.Mpoledise e ne ya nna nngwe ya dipina tse di neng di tshamekiwa thata kwa Botswana mo ngwageng oo. Bobedi ba ne ba tlhophiwa go emela Botswana kwa konsareteng ya FNB Africa Day mme ba tlhagelela mo lenaneong la Mzansi Magic la Afropop Nation.[38]

Apollo D (Monametsi Nkhukhu) ke rapper yo o simolotseng tiro ya gagwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano jaaka karolo ya lekoko la ntlha la baopedi ba hip hop ba Botswana. Ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone o ne a golola Blood is Thicker than Water, alebamo ya dipina di le lesome e e dirilweng le Bangu Matenge, e e buang ka dikgang tsa boikanyego, phodiso le boitshwarelo.[39]

Jeff Matheatau ke rapper wa Motswana yo o itsegeng ebile e le motaki wa kwa kwasa kwa kwasa.[27]

Dietsele tsa mmino le mafaratlhatlha a madirelo

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Dietsele tsa Mmino tsa Yarona FM

Dietsele tsa Radio ya Yarona FM (YAMAs) ke dietsele tsa ngwaga le ngwaga tsa indaseteri ya mmino tsa Botswana, tse di tshwarwang ke Yarona FM. YAMA e akaretsa ditlhopha tse di akaretsang Best Male Single, Best Female Single, Best Hip Hop/Motswako, Best RnB, Best Collabo, Best Producer, Best New Artist, Song of the Year, le People's Choice Artist of the Year. Bafenyi ba tlhophiwa ka go bouta ga batho le setlhopha sa baatlhodi. Dikabo di ne di na le setlhopha sa Hall of Fame se se tlotlang bataki ba ba nnileng le seabe se se nnetseng ruri mo mminong wa Botswana. Kgatiso ya borobedi ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro e ne ya abela bafenyi ba yone ba bagolo madi, ka Han C a tsaya Artiste of the Year, Best Male Single, le Best Afro-Pop, gape a ne a laola kgatiso ya ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi ka dietse di le tlhano go akaretsa Artist of the Year le Song of the Year ka "Rejection" le DJ Kuchi. [40]

Thuso ya go tshegetsa kgatiso ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe e fitlhile go 1.45 million pula, e e tserweng go tswa go Mascom, Banka ya First National Bank of Botswana, le Lephata la Thabololo ya Banana,metshameko le ngwao, Dietsele di solofetswe go solegela batho ba ba fetang makgolo a mabedi molemo go akarediwa le baopedi, dibini, baopedi ba diletswa, batlhami ba difeshene, batlhami ba ditshwantsho, le batsamaisi ba tsa boatlhdi mo ngwageng oo.[41]

Ditirelo tsa Setshwantsho sa Motshikinyego

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Setshwantsho sa Motshikinyego sa Botswana (BTV), se se simolotseng ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ngwaag wa dikete tse pedi, se tshotse mananeo a mmino a le mararo a a tsereng lobaka lo loleele a a neng a le botlhokwa mo go tlhagiseng bataki ba Botswana mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Mokaragana ke lenaneo la mmino le le tshamekiwang ka Matlhatso maitseboa mo baopedi ba tshamekang fa pele ga bareetsi ba ba tshelang. E baya kwa pele go tshameka ka tlhamalalo mme e gapile kemonokeng ya dikgwebo tse di tsweletseng go akaretsa Orange Botswana le Blue Crystal Sugar. Flava Dome ke lenaneo la Maitseboa la Maitseboa le le nang le dibidio tsa mmino le dipina tse di tshamekiwang, le le neng le tsamaisiwa ke Loungo Pitse (KingBee) le Sadi Dikgaka go tloga ka ngwaag wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi, pele ga le tswelela le tsamaisiwa ke Dikgaka a le esi. Pula Power ke ya boraro mo mananeong a mmino a BTV. Sesupo sa sathalaete sa BTV se romelwa go ralala borwa jwa Aforika go akaretsa Aforika Borwa, Namibia, Zambia, Lesotho, le Zimbabwe, go fa mananeo a phitlhelelo ya kgaolo.[42]

Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Botaki

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Khansele ya Sechaba ya Ngwao (NACB), e e tlhomilweng ke Palamente ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Botsweretshi ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi mme e tla simolola go dira ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi, ke setheo sa semolao se se rweleng maikarabelo a go tlamela ka matlole, go rotloetsa le go tlhabolola lephata la botsweretshi le setso. Tiro ya yone e akaretsa mmino mmogo le ditiro tse dingwe tsa go tlhama. E ne ya abela bataki madi a mantsi a setšhaba a a akaretsang P70 million ya thuso ya COVID-19, P39 million ya go tlhama diteng, le P14 million ya go rekota mo dinageng tse dingwe. Ka ngwaag wa dikete tse pedi le masoem a mabedi le botlhano, khansele e ne e setse e tshwaiwa diphoso ke setšhaba go tswa mo lephateng la botaki ka ntlha ya dikgotlhang tsa tsamaiso le go diegisa go tsenngwa tirisong ga mekgwa ya yona ya go tlamela ka matlole. [43]

Madirelo le itsholelo

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Gantsi letshwao la seromamowa la kwa Botswana le gasa mmino o o ratiwang thata. Letshwao lengwe le lengwe la mmino le na le popego, kgotsa setlhopha sa dipina tse di tla tshamekiwang, tse gantsi di tshwanang le mme di sa tshwane le mokgwa o o tlwaelegileng wa go kgaoganya dipina. Matshwao a le mantsi a seromamowa mo Botswana ke a selegae.

Go na le madirelo a a ikemetseng a mmino mme baopedi bangwe ba nna ba le mo dikomponeng tsa mmino tse di ikemetseng ka nosi botshelo jwa bone jotlhe. Gantsi baopedi ba ba sa itsegeng ba ntsha dingwe tsa dipina tsa bone kgotsa dipina tsotlhe tsa bone mo Internet gore balatedi ba bone ba di itseele ba bo ba di reetse. Barekisi gantsi ba rekisa di-CD tse di diretsweng go tshamekiwa kwa manyalong, tse di nang le mmino wa manyalo le mmino wa pop.[44]

Thuto

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Mmino o rutiwa kwa sekolong se sebotlana mme o rutiwa jaaka thuto e e tlhophilweng kwa sekolong se se ha gare le se segolwane. Tantshe e akareditswe mo thutong ya mmino. [27]Dikolo tse dikgolwane ka kakaretso di na le dithuto tsa go opela, gantsi e le tsa khwaere, le go tshameka diletswa ka mokgwa wa setlhopha se segolo sa mmino sa sekolo.

Malatsi a boikhutso le meletlo

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ditiragalo tsa setšhaba le dikokoano kwa Botswana gantsi di tsamaisana le mmino, go akaretsa dikokoano tsa malatsi a boikhutso, dipontsho, dikgakololo le meletlo e mengwe. [45]Mofuta mongwe le mongwe wa tiragalo kgotsa kgang o na le dipina tsa one tse di amanang le yone.[46] Go tlwaelegile gore batho le ditlhopha tsa batho ba opele phatlalatsa, ka dinako tse dingwe ba opela ba sa akanya. Mmino o na le seabe se segolo mo go ketekeng Keresemose, mme Botswana e na le meletlo e mentsi ya mmino e e bontshang mefuta e e farologaneng ya mmino go simolola ka wa house go ya go wa jazz le wa hip hop.

Go fokotsega ga didirisiwa tsa setso

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Fa e sale go tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe, diletswa tse dintsi tsa setso tsa Batswana di nyeletse ka ntlha ya go itlhaganedisiwa go ya kwa metsesetoropong go go neng ga tlhakatlhakanya maemo a di neng di dirwa le go tshamekiwa mo go one. Baitseanape ba mmino ba ba akaretsang PR Kirby le Ike Norborg ba ne ba kwala gore diletswa dingwe, tse di jaaka mokoreje wa phala ya lotlhaka, di ne tsa simolola go nyelela ka bo ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo. Music In Africa e lemogile ka ngwaag wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi gore go na le diletswa di le mmalwa fela tse di sa ntseng di le teng, le gore bokgoni jwa go dira le go tshameka diletswa tsa setso bo nyeletse mo baaging ba le bantsi.[10]

Metswedi

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
  1. ↑ Denbow, James R.; Thebe, Phenyo C. (2006). Culture and Customs of Botswana. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-33178-7.
  2. ↑ Denbow & Thebe 2006, p. 206.
  3. 1 2 Denbow & Thebe 2006, p. 196.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Akombo, David Otieno (2016). The Unity of Music and Dance in World Cultures. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-9715-7.
  5. ↑ Wood, Elizabeth N. (1985). "Traditional Music in Botswana". The Black Perspective in Music. 13 (1): 13–30. doi:10.2307/1214791. ISSN 0090-7790.
  6. 1 2 Denbow & Thebe 2006, pp. 191–192.
  7. ↑ Wood 1985, p. 20.
  8. 1 2 Wood 1985, p. 18.
  9. ↑ Denbow & Thebe 2006, pp. 207–208.
  10. 1 2 Modirwa Kekwaletswe (18 July 2018). "Traditional music and instruments in Botswana". Music In Africa. Retrieved 24 July 2026
  11. ↑ Denbow & Thebe 2006, p. 198.
  12. 1 2 3 4 Denbow & Thebe 2006, p. 197.
  13. 1 2 Wood 1985, p. 28.
  14. 1 2 3 4 Morton & Ramsay 2018, Music.
  15. ↑ Denbow & Thebe 2006, p. 204.
  16. 1 2 Wood 1985, p. 24
  17. 1 2 Denbow & Thebe 2006, p. 201.
  18. ↑ Denbow & Thebe 2006, p. 202
  19. ↑ Denbow & Thebe 2006, pp. 200, 205.
  20. 1 2 Denbow & Thebe 2006, p. 205
  21. ↑ Denbow & Thebe 2006, p. 200.
  22. ↑ Boago Molwane (1 August 2018). "Okanyatsa Dikhwaere challenge bigger better". Daily News Botswana. Retrieved 14 April 2026.
  23. ↑ Nnasaretha Kgamanyane (1 April 2022). "Thobane: National anthem personified". Mmegi Online. Retrieved 14 April 2026.
  24. ↑ Morton, Fred; Ramsay, Jeff, eds. (1987). The Birth of Botswana: A history of the Bechuanaland Protectorate from 1910 to 1966. Gaborone, Botswana: Longman Botswana. ISBN 978-0-582-00584-6.
  25. 1 2 Denbow & Thebe 2006, p. 211.
  26. ↑ Morton & Ramsay 2018, Setlhako, Ratsie (ca. 1900–1976).
  27. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Goldsmith 2018
  28. ↑ Morton & Ramsay 2018, Radio.
  29. ↑ "Yarona FM". Wikipedia. Retrieved 14 April 2026
  30. 1 2 Hip hop in Botswana". Music In Africa. 2 July 2018. Retrieved 14 April 2026.
  31. ↑ "Popular music in Botswana". Music In Africa. 3 April 2019. Retrieved 14 April 2026.
  32. ↑ Akombo 2016, pp. 34–35
  33. ↑ "Africa is the last frontier for metal: Botswana's metal heads still rocking". CNN. Retrieved 14 April 2026.
  34. ↑ "National Music Eisteddfod". ISTC.org. Archived from the original on 20 January 2004. Retrieved 14 April 2026.
  35. ↑ "Mpho Sebina". Wikipedia. Retrieved 14 April 2026.
  36. ↑ "Meet Dato Seiko, one of BW's best genre fluid vocalists". Botswana Gazette. 9 December 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2026.
  37. ↑ The African Music Academy announces the overall winners of its second prizes". CIAM. 20 June 2025. Retrieved 14 April 2026.
  38. ↑ "The dynamic duo". The Voice Botswana. 28 September 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2026.
  39. ↑ Apollo D Drops "Blood is Thicker than Water"". Africa Press Botswana. 6 December 2024. Retrieved 14 April 2026
  40. ↑ Yarona FM Music Awards impress". Daily News Botswana. 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2026.
  41. ↑ Yarona FM Music Awards sponsorship set to benefit winners". Music In Africa. 11 August 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2026.
  42. ↑ Modirwa Kekwaletswe (20 April 2018). "Music broadcast media in Botswana". Music In Africa. Retrieved 14 April 2026.
  43. ↑ Sharon Mathala (17 October 2025). "NACB a council in crisis". Mmegi Online. Retrieved 14 April 2026.
  44. ↑ Denbow & Thebe 2006, p. 147.
  45. ↑ Wood 1985, pp. 15–16.
  46. ↑ Wood 1985, p. 17.
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