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Mokgatlho wa Kutlwano ya Aforika

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Organisation for African Unity (OAU)
OAU during its foundation
Kifle Wodajo
a Headquartered in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Mokgatlho wa Kutlwano ya Aforika (OAU; Sefora: Mokgatlho wa Kopano ya Aforika, OUA)[1] e ne e le mokgatlho wa dipuso tse di farologaneng wa Aforika o o neng wa tlhongwa ka la bo 25 [2]Motsheganong 1963 kwa Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, o o nang le dipuso di le 33 tse di saenneng. dinaga, le go fedisa bokoloniale le bokoloniale jo bošwa mo kontinenteng ya Aforika.[3]

Go tlhoka sesole se se tlhometseng jaaka batlhokomedi ba kagiso ba lekgotla la Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng go ne ga tlogela mokgatlho ono o se na tsela ya go diragatsa ditshwetso tsa one. Gape e ne e sa batle go nna le seabe mo mererong ya ka fa gare ya ditšhaba tse e leng maloko a yone, mme seno sa dira gore batshwayadiphoso bangwe ba bolele gore OAU ga e atlege mo go tseyeng kgato e e tlhomameng. Ka go lemoga seno, ka Lwetse 1999 OAU e ne ya ntsha Maipolelo a Sirte, a kopa gore go nne le setlhopha se sesha se se tla tseelang sebaka sa yone. Ka la bo 9 Phukwi 2002, Modulasetulo wa OAU, Moporesitente wa Aforika Borwa Thabo Mbeki, o ne a phatlalatsa OAU semmuso mme a e emisetsa ka Kopano ya Aforika (AU), e leng motlhatlhami wa yona ka bonako, e e tshegetsang bontsi jwa melawana e e simolotseng OAU.[4]

Hisetori

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Leba gape: Kopano ya Dinaga tsa Aforika le Hisetori ya Kopano ya Aforika

Tshimologo ya go tlhongwa ga OAU e ne e le Maikano a Sanniquellie kwa Khonferenseng ya Ntlha ya Samiti ya Aforika Bophirima e e neng e tshwerwe kwa Sanniquellie, Liberia ka 15–19 Phukwi 1959. Moporesidente Tubman wa Liberia o ne a amogela Moporesitente Touré wa Guinea,[5] le Tonakgolo Nkrumah wa Ghana, mme boraro jwa bone ba ne ba ikana go dira mmogo go tlhama "Setšhaba sa Dinaga tse di Ikemetseng tsa Aforika".[6]

OAU e tlhomilwe ka Motsheganong 1963 kwa Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, ke dinaga di le 32 tsa Aforika ka maikaelelo a magolo a go kopanya merafe ya Aforika mmogo le go rarabolola dikgang mo teng ga kontinente. Khonferense ya yone ya ntlha e ne ya tshwarwa ka 1 Motsheganong 1963[7] kwa Addis Ababa. Kwa khonferenseng eo, moswi raditiragalo wa Gambia – le mongwe wa baeteledipele ba bosetšhaba ba Gambia le batshegetsi ba Pan-African ka nako eo – Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof o ne a neela puo fa pele ga dinaga tse di leng maloko, e mo go yona a neng a re:[8]

Selassie le Nasser

Ke dingwaga di le 75 fela fa Dipuso tsa Yuropa di ne di ntse go dikologa tafole kwa Jeremane nngwe le nngwe e tshwere tšhaka go betla Aforika go itsholegela molemo.... Katlego ya gago e tla tlhotlheletsa le go itlhaganedisa kgololesego le boipuso jo bo feletseng jwa kontinente ya Aforika le go fedisa bo-imperiale le bokoloniale go tswa mo kontinenteng mme kwa bofelong go se nne le puso ya bokoloniale jo bosha mo Aforika... e rapelela, e tla lelefatsa kgaratlho ya rona ka botlhoko le go swaba. Ka jalo, ke ikana gore o itlhokomolose kakantsho epe fela e e kwa ntle ga Aforika mme o tshwara gore tlhabologo ya ga jaana, e bangwe ba ba nang le maatla a magolo ba ikgantshang ka yone, e tlhagile mo Aforika, mme ka go lemoga gore lefatshe lotlhe le na le sengwe sa selefatshe se le ka se ithutang mo Aforika, o tla leka ka bojotlhe go dumalana, go boloka Aforika mo diatleng tsa regnitni, neo- botsitso ba naga.

Go tshwayatshwaya diphoso le go akgolwa

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Mokgatlho ono o ne o sotlwa thata jaaka "lebenkele le le buang" la bobusaesi le le nang le maatla a mannye. E ne e kgaratlha thata go diragatsa ditshwetso tsa yone, mme go tlhoka masole a yone go ne ga dira gore go nne thata go tsereganya. Dintwa tsa selegae kwa Nigeria le Angola di ne tsa tswelela di sa kgaotse ka dingwaga di le dintsi, mme OAU e ne e sa kgone go dira sepe go di thibela.

Pholisi ya go se tsenelele mo mererong ya dinaga tse di leng ditokololo le yone e ne ya lekanyetsa go dira ga OAU. Ka jalo, fa ditshwanelo tsa batho di ne di gatakiwa, jaaka kwa Uganda ka fa tlase ga ga Idi Amin ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970, OAU e ne e se na maatla a go di thibela.

Mokgatlho ono o ne wa akgolwa ke Mokwaledikakaretso wa pele wa Ditšhabakopano wa Ghana e bong Kofi Annan ka ntlha ya go kopanya Maaforika. Le fa go ntse jalo, batshwayadiphoso ba nganga gore, mo dingwageng tsa yona di le 39 tsa go nna teng, OAU ga e a dira go le kalo go sireletsa ditshwanelo le dikgololesego tsa baagi ba Aforika mo baeteledipeleng ba bona ba sepolotiki, gantsi e e bitsa "Dictators' Club"kgotsa "Dictators' Trade Union".

Le fa go ntse jalo, OAU e ne ya atlega mo dilong dingwe. Bontsi jwa maloko a yona e ne e le maloko a UN, le bona, mme ba ne ba ema mmogo mo teng ga mokgatlho wa bofelo go sireletsa dikgatlhego tsa Aforika – bogolosegolo mabapi le bokoloniale jo bo neng bo ntse bo tsweletse. Ka jalo, go latelela ga yone kutlwano ya Afrika go ne ga atlega ka ditsela dingwe.

Le fa go ntse jalo, go ne go le thata go fitlhelela kutlwano e e feletseng, ka gonne OAU e ne e kgaogane thata. Dikoloni tsa pele tsa Fora, tse di neng di sa ntse di ikaegile ka Fora, di ne di bopile Setlhopha sa Monrovia, mme go ne ga nna le kgaogano e nngwe gape fa gare ga ba ba neng ba ema United States nokeng le ba ba neng ba ema USSR nokeng mo Ntweng ya Molomo ya dikgopolo. Lekoko le le emang nokeng Bososialise le ne le eteletswe pele ke Kwame Nkrumah wa Ghana, fa Félix Houphouët-Boigny wa Ivory Coast ene a ne a etelela pele ba ba emang nokeng bokapitale. Ka ntlha ya dikgaogano tseno, go ne go le thata gore OAU e tseye kgato kgatlhanong le dinaga tse di neng di amega mo dintweng tsa ka fa gare ka gonne e ne e ka se fitlhelele tumalano ka sewelo ka se se tshwanetseng go dirwa.

OAU e ne ya nna le seabe se se botlhokwa mo go fediseng bokoloniale le puso ya batho ba basweu mo Aforika. E ne ya naya ditlhopha tsa marabele tse di neng di lwantsha batho ba basweu ba bannye le puso ya bokoloniale dibetsa, katiso le dikago tsa sesole.[9] Ditlhopha tse di jaaka ANC le PAC, tse di neng di lwantsha tlhaolele, le ZANU le ZAPU, tse di neng di lwantsha go menola puso ya Rhodesia, di ne tsa thusiwa mo maitekong a tsone ke OAU. Boemakepe jwa Aforika bo ne jwa tswalelwa puso ya Aforika Borwa, mme difofane tsa Aforika Borwa di ne tsa thibelwa go fofa mo godimo ga kontinente yotlhe. UN e ne ya tlhotlhelediwa ke OAU go leleka Aforika Borwa mo mekgatlhong e e tshwanang le Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe wa Boitekanelo.

OAU gape e ne ya dirisana le lekgotla la Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng go fokotsa mathata a batshabi. E tlhomile Banka ya Tlhabololo ya Aforika ya diporojeke tsa ikonomi tse maikaelelo a tsone e neng e le go dira gore Aforika e nne maatla mo go tsa matlole. Le fa dinaga tsotlhe tsa Aforika di ne tsa feleletsa di fentse boipuso jwa tsone, go ne ga nna thata gore di ikemele ka nosi gotlhelele mo bakoloniale ba tsone ba pele. Gantsi go ne go tswelela go ikaega ka dinaga tsa pele tsa bokoloniale go bona thuso ya ikonomi, e gantsi e neng e tla ka dikgole tse di gokeletsweng: dikadimo di ne di tshwanetse go duelwa ka dikelo tse di kwa godimo tsa morokotso, mme dithoto di ne di tshwanetse go rekisediwa bathusi ka dikelo tse di kwa tlase.

US le Soviet Union di ne tsa tsereganya mo Aforika ya morago ga bokoloniale go fitlhelela maikaelelo a tsone. Ka dinako tse dingwe go ne go newa thuso ka thekenoloji le ka badiri ba ba thusang. Le fa go ne go na le maikutlo a a siameng le maikaelelo a a siameng, OAU e ne ya palelwa ka tlhomamo mo maikaelelong a yona a a boletsweng - a ntwa ya go dira gore "Babophirima" (bakoloniale) ba se ka ba tsena mo, le go tlhoma mogopolo fela mo mererong ya Aforika. Mokgatlho o ne o santse o ikaegile thata ka thuso ya Bophirima (ya sesole le ya ikonomi) go tsereganya mo mererong ya Aforika, le fa baeteledipele ba Aforika ba ne ba sa itumelela go dirisana le dinaga tsa boditšhabatšhaba, segolobogolo dinaga tsa Bophirima.

Metswedi

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  1. ↑ Staff writer (2025). "Organization of African Unity (OAU)". UIA Global Civil Society Database. uia.org. Brussels, Belgium: Union of International Associations. Yearbook of International Organizations Online. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
  2. ↑ "Department of International Relations and Cooperation – South Africa". dfa.gov.za. Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
  3. ↑ "African Union (See also – Organization of African Unity (OAU)) Archives". Question of Palestine. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
  4. ↑ Beverton, Alys (10 May 2009). "Organization of African Unity (1963–2002)". Retrieved 27 May 2021.
  5. ↑ The First West African Summit Conference: Held at Sanniquellie, Central Province, Liberian hinterland, July 15-19, 1959. The Liberian Information Service. 1959.
  6. ↑ "Special Conferences". International Organization. 16 (2): 444–446. 1962. doi:10.1017/S0020818300011218.
  7. ↑ "Message to the Founding Fathers of the OAU at their First Conference at Addis Ababa 1st May 1963 – Alhaji A E Cham-Joof". The Point Newspaper, 29 June 2006. Archived 23 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ↑ "Message to the Founding Fathers of the OAU at their First Conference at Addis Ababa 1st May 1963 – Alhaji A E Cham-Joof". The Point Newspaper, 29 June 2006. Archived 23 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ↑ Reynolds, Paul (8 July 2002). "BBC News – World – Africa – African Union replaces dictators' club". news.bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2006.
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