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Molao wa Makgoba a a Tshabileng wa 1793

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Molao wa Makgoba a a Tshabileng wa 1793 e ne e le Molao wa Congress ya Amerika go tsenya tirisong Karolwana ya Makgoba a a Tshabileng ya Molaomotheo wa U.S. (Molawana IV, Karolo ya bobedi, Polelwana ya boraro), e moragonyana e neng ya emisediwa ka Tlhabololo ya Bolesome le boraro, le gape go tsenya mo tirisong Karolwana ya go Busetsa Batho kwa Gabone (Athikele2,2 ).[1] Molao wa Molaomotheo wa Makgoba a a Tshabileng o ne o tlhomamisa gore mong wa lekgoba o na le tshwanelo ya go lata lekgoba le le tshabileng. Molao o o neng wa latela, "Molao o o tlotlang batho ba ba tshabang mo tshiamisong, le batho ba ba tshabang mo tirelong ya beng ba bone", o ne wa tlhama mokgwa wa semolao o ka one seo se neng se ka fitlhelelwa.

Phetiso le paakanyo ya morago

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Molao o ne wa fetisiwa ke Ntlo ya Baemedi ka Tlhakole a le malatsi mane, 1793, ka tlhopho ya masome mane le boferabobedi–supa, mme ba le lesome le bone ba ne ba ikgapha.[2] "Dibuka tsa Congress" di bolela gore molao o ne wa amogelwa ka Tlhakole a le lesome le bobedi, 1793.[3]

Molao o kwadilwe mo gare ga kganetsano ka ga monna wa montsho yo o gololesegileng yo o bidiwang John Davis yo o neng a gapiwa ka dikgoka go tswa kwa Pennsylvania mme a tlisiwa kwa Virginia. Le fa go ntse jalo, Molao o ne wa palelwa ke go rarabolola kganetsano eo; batho ba ba neng ba mo gapa ka dikgoka go tswa kwa Virginia ga ba ise ba ko ba busediwe kwa Pennsylvania, mme John Davis o ne a tswelela a nna lekgoba.[4]

Molao o ne wa nonotshiwa moragonyana ka go gatelelwa ke dikgaolo tsa makgoba tsa Amerika Borwa ka Tumelano ya 1850, e e neng e tlhoka gore dipuso tsa dikgaolo le baagi ba dinaga tse di gololesegileng ba gapeletsa go tshwarwa le go busiwa ga makgoba a a tshabileng.[5] Go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga Molao wa Makgoba a a Tshabileng wa 1850 go ne ga galefisa maikutlo a batho ba Bokone.

SEC. 3. Mme gape go tsenngwe molao, Gore fa motho yo o tshwerweng go dira tiro mo go epe kgaolo ya Amerika, kgotsa mo go epe ya Dikgaolo tse di kwa Bokonebophirima kgotsa Borwa jwa noka ya Ohio, ka fa tlase ga melao ya teng, o tla tshabela kwa karolong epe e nngwe ya Dikgaolo kgotsa Kgaolo e e umakilweng, motho yo tiro eo kgotsa tirelo eo e ka tshwanelwang ke go mo direla, moemedi wa gagwe kgotsa mmueledi wa gagwe o tshwanetse go tshwara motshabi yoo wa tiro, le go mo isa fa pele ga Moatlhodi mongwe le mongwe wa Dikgotlatshekelo tsa kgaolo kgotsa tsa Kgaolo tsa Amerika, yo o nnang kgotsa yo o leng mo teng ga kgaolo, kgotsa fa pele ga mmakaseterata mongwe le mongwe wa kgaolo, toropo, kgotsa toropo, e mo go yone go tsewang kgotsa go tshwarwa jalo go tla dirwang, le fa go na le bosupi jo bo kgotsofatsang jwa Moatlhodi yoo yo o netefaditsweng ke moatlhodi kgotsa mmakaseterata wa Lefatshe kgotsa Kgaolo nngwe le nngwe e e ntseng jalo, gore motho yo o tserweng kgotsa yo o tshwerweng jalo, a, ka fa tlase ga melao ya Lefatshe kgotsa Kgaolo e a tshabileng mo go yone, o kolota tirelo kgotsa tiro mo mothong yo o mmatlang, e tla nna tiro ya Moatlhodi kgotsa mmakaseterata yoo go naya mokopi yoo setlankana se se lekaneng se moemedi wa motshabi wa tiro go ya kwa Lefatsheng kgotsa Kgaolong e a tshabileng kwa go yone.

SEC. 4. Mme go tsenngwe mo molaong gape, Gore motho mongwe le mongwe yo o tla kgoreletsang kgotsa a kgoreletsa mokopi yoo, moemedi wa gagwe, kgotsa mmueledi, ka go itse le go rata go tshwara kgotsa go tshwara motshabi yoo go tswa mo tirong, kgotsa o tla namola motshabi yoo mo mokoping yoo, moemedi wa gagwe kgotsa mmueledi, fa a tshwerwe jalo go ya ka taolo e e neetsweng fano; kgotsa o tla tlhokomela kgotsa o fitlha motho yoo morago ga go lemoga gore e ne e le motshabi mo tirong, jaaka go boletswe fa godimo, o tla, ka ntlha ya nngwe ya ditlolomolao tse di umakilweng, a tshwanelwa ke go duela madi a didolara di le makgolo a matlhano. Ke kotlhao efe e e ka busediwang ke le go solegela mokopi yoo molemo, ka kgato ya sekoloto, mo Kgotlatshekelong nngwe le nngwe e e tshwanetseng go seka se se tshwanang, go boloka mo godimo ga moo mo mothong yo o batlang tiro kgotsa tirelo eo tshwanelo ya gagwe ya kgato ka ntlha ya dikgobalo tse di boletsweng, kgotsa nngwe ya tsone.[6]

Mokwalo o o feletseng wa Molao o ka bonwa go tswa kwa motlobong wa dibuka wa Congress (le mo maranyaneng) mo Annals of Congress ya Congress ya bobedi, Karolo ya bobedi, e mo go yone dithulaganyo le dingangisano di neng tsa tshwarwa go tloga ka Ngwanaatseele a le malatsi a matlhano, 1792, go fitlha ka Mopitlo a le gabedi, 1793. Molao o o rileng le tlhopho ya Congress di mo ditsebeng[41–11].[3]

Ditlamorago

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Molao ono o ne o tsenya makgoba a a tshabileng mo kotsing ya go gapiwa gape botshelo jwa bone jotlhe, mme beng bangwe ba makgoba ba ne ba sa akanye gore o nonofile go lekana. Gape e ne e tlhaola bana ba ba tsholetsweng ke bomme ba makgoba ba ba tshabileng jaaka makgoba le dithoto tsa mong wa ga mmaabone botshelo jwa bone jotlhe.

Ona Maria Judge, yo ka dinako tse dingwe a neng a bidiwa ka ‘Oney’ e e ngotlang ke beng ba gagwe, e ne e le mongwe wa makgoba le badiredi ba diphaposi tsa ga Martha Washington. O ne a direla ba lelapa la ga Washington kwa Virginia le kwa Ntlong ya ga Tautona kwa Philadelphia fa George Washington e ne e le Tautona (toropo eo e ne e le motsemogolo wa nakwana go tloga ka 1790 go ya go 1800). O ne a tshaba ka Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le motso, 1796.[7] Washington o ne a dira maiteko a mabedi a go mo tshwara ka bonako morago ga moo, a ba a kopa thuso ya Mokwaledi wa Lephata la Matlotlo Oliver Wolcott Jr. mo lekwalong le le kwadilweng ka Lwetse a rogwa, 1796.[8] Moragonyana, setlogolo sa gagwe se ne sa mo etela mme sa mo kopa gore a boele gape. Ga go na maiteko ape a a neng a atlega. Washington o ne a dira ka botlhale gore a se ka a nna le dikganetsano kwa Philadelphia, e e neng e na le setshaba se se nonofileng sa go fedisa bokgoba sa Quaker.

  1. ↑ "U.S. Constitution - Article 4 Section 2 - the U.S. Constitution Online - USConstitution.net".
  2. ↑ TO PASS S. 42, AN ACT RESPECTING FUGITIVES FROM JUSTICE AND PERSONS ESCAPING FROM THE SERVICE OF THEIR MASTERS, govtrack.gov
  3. 1 2 "A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774–1875", Annals of Congress, 2nd Congress, 2nd Session, pp. 1413 & 1414 of 1456, American Memory, Library of Congress, e nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boferabobedi kka 2025.
  4. ↑ Finkelman, Paul. "The Kidnapping of John Davis and the Adoption of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1793", The Journal of Southern History, Vol. 56, (Aug., 1990), pp. 397, 422.
  5. ↑ "Fugitive Slave Acts - Black History - HISTORY.com". HISTORY.com. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boferabobedi ka 2025.
  6. ↑ History: "Fugitive Slave Act of 1793" Archived September 23, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, President's House in Philadelphia, US History.org
  7. ↑ Stephan Salisbury, "A slave's defiance" Archived 2009-01-05 at the Wayback Machine, Philadelphia Inquirer, July 2008, at Philly Archeology Forum, e nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boferabobedi ka 2025.
  8. ↑ Letter to Secretary of the Treasury Oliver Wolcott, Jr, September 1, 1796 Archived March 13, 2005, at the Wayback Machine, Writings of Washington, Vol. 35, e nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boferabobedi ka 2025.
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