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Molao wa go Fedisa Bokgoba wa 1833

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Molao wa go Fedisa Bokgoba wa 1833 (3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 73) e ne e le molao wa Palamente ya United Kingdom, o o neng o fedisa bokgoba mo Bogosing jwa Boritane ka tsela ya kgololosego e e duelwang. Molao o ne wa dirwa molao ke puso e e shafatsang ya ga Tonakgolo ya Whig Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey, mme o ne wa tsenngwa mo tirisong ka go laela puso ya Boritane go reka kgololesego ya makgoba otlhe mo Mmusomogolo wa Boritane, le ka go thibela mokgwa o o tswelelang wa bokgoba mo Mmusomogolo wa Boritane. Molao o ne wa phimolwa ka 1998 e le karolo ya thulaganyo e e atolositsweng ya molao wa Enyelane, le fa bokgoba jone bo ntse bo fedisitswe.[1]

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Sehikantswe sa ga Earl Grey kwa Newcastle upon Tyne, e le segopotso sa ga Prime Minister Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey, yo a fedisitseng bokgoba kwa Britane.

Ka Motsheganong 1772, katlholo ya ga Lord Mansfield mo tshekong ya Somerset e ne ya golola motlhanka yo o neng a tlisitswe kwa Enyelane go tswa kwa Boston kwa kgaolong ya Massachusetts Bay, mme ka jalo a thusa go simolola mokgatlho wa go fedisa bokgoba mo Mmusomogolong wa Boritane.[2][3] Tsheko e ne ya atlhola gore bokgoba bo ne bo se na maemo a semolao kwa Enyelane ka gonne bo ne bo se na molao wa tlwaelo kgotsa motheo wa molao wa semolao, mme ka jalo motho a ka se nne lekgoba ka fa molaong kwa Enyelane.[4] Le fa go ntse jalo, baganetsi ba le bantsi, go akaretsa Granville Sharp, ba ne ba tsaya kgopolo ya gore ratio decidendi ya kgetsi ya Somerset e ne e kaya gore bokgoba bo ne bo sa tshegediwa ke molao mo Enyelane le gore ga go na go ruiwa mo go ka dirisiwang mo makgobeng a a tsenang mo lefatsheng la Enyelane kgotsa la Scotland.[5][6] Ignatius Sancho, yo ka 1774 a neng a nna motho wa ntlha yo o itsegeng wa lotso lwa Aforika go tlhopha mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa Borithane, o ne a kwala lekwalo ka 1778 le le simololang go galaletsa Borithane ka "kgololosego, le masego a mantsi a ke a itumelelang mo go yone", pele a kgala ditiro tsa bakaulengwe ba gagwe ba bantsho mo dikarolong tsa Bogosi jaaka West Indies.[7][8]

Matsholo

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Ka 1783, mokgatlho o o kgatlhanong le bokgoba o leka go fedisa kgwebo ya bokgoba go ralala mmusomogolo o ne o simolotse gareng ga setshaba sa kwa Borithane,[9] le Mokgatlho wa go Diragatsa go Fedisiwa ga Kgwebo ya Bokgoba o tlhamiwa ka 1787.[10] The Wedgwood anti-slavery medallion ya ga Josiah Wedgwood, e ne e le, go ya ka BBC, "setshwantsho se se itsegeng thata sa motho o montsho mo botaking jotlhe jwa lekgolo la bo lesome le borobabobedi la dingwaga".[11] Thomas Clarkson, yo le ene a neng a lwela go fedisiwa ga bokgoba o ne a kwala jaana: "Mo basading ba le mmalwa ba ne ba di tsentse mo mabogong, mme ba bangwe ba ne ba di kgabisa ka tsela e e kgathisang gore e nne dikamo tsa meriri wa bone. Kgabagare, go rata go di apara go ne ga anama; mme ka jalo feshene, e gantsi e neng e le fela dilo tse di se nang mosola, e ne ya bonwa ka lekgetlho le lengwe e na le tiro e e tlotlegang ya go rotloetsa tshiamiso, setho le kgololesego".[12]

Ka ntlha ya tiragalo e e neng e ama Chloe Cooley, lekgoba la mosadi le le neng la tlisiwa kwa Canada ke mongwe yo o neng a ikanyega mo go Amerika, Lieutenant-Governori wa Upper Canada, John Graves Simcoe, o ne a tlhoma Molao o o Kgatlhanong le Bokgoba ka 1793. O fetisiwa ke Kokoano ya Kgotlapeomolao ya selegae, e ne e le molao wa ntlha go thibela kgwebo ya makgoba mo karolong ya Mmusomogolo wa Borithane.[9] Kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la bo lesome le borobabobedi la dingwaga, Borithane e ne e le yone e rekisang makgoba thata e bile e le yone e neng e le lefelo le legolo la mokgatlho o o neng o lwela go fedisa bokgoba.[13] William Wilberforce o ne a kwadile mo bukeng ya gagwe ya letsatsi ka 1787 gore maikaelelo a gagwe a magolo mo botshelong e ne e le go fedisa kgwebo ya makgoba pele ga a simolola ntwa ya dingwaga di le masome mabedi kgatlhanong le madirelo ao.[14]

Palamente e ne ya fetisa molao wa go gweba ka makgoba wa 1807, o o neng wa emisa molao wa mafatshefatshe wa go gweba ka makgoba, mme e seng go emisa bokgoba. Molao o o ne tsile ka nako e e siameng go kopana le o o iletsang lefatshe la United States go reka makgoba kwa ntle. Lefatshe la United States e ne e le lone le le phadisanang le la Britain mo kgwebong kwa mawatleng. Molao o o ne o na le dikatlholo tse di neng di sa thibele thekiso ya makgoba go le kalo. Henry Brougham o o neng a le kgatlhanong le bokgoba, o ne a lemoga fa go gweba go ntse go tsweletse, mme ka a ne a le mopalamente o mošha, o ne a atlega mo go tleng ka molao wa tlola molao wa go gweba ka makgoba wa 1811, o kwa phelelong o neng wa dira thekiso ya makgoba go tlola mawatle tlolo molao mo bogosing joo botlhe. Sesole sa kwa United Kingdom se ne sa simolodisa go disa lotshitshi lwa lewatle la Atlantic kwa bophirima jwa Aforika, setlhopha se sa masole se se neng se itebagantse le go thusa go fedisa go gweba ka makgoba kwa lewatleng la Atlantic. Go disa mo go ne ga fokotsa kgwebo ya bokgoba mme ga se ka ga e fedisa. Mo dingwageng tsa 1808 go tsena ka 1860, setlhopha se sa bophirima jwa Aforika se ne sa tshwara dikepe tsa makgoba di le sekete le makgolo a le marataro, sa golola batho ba Aforika ba le dikete di le lekgolo le masome a matlhano.[15] Ba ne ba busetsa bontsi jwa bone kwa Jamaica le Bahamas.[16][17] Lefatshe la Britain le ne la dirisa tlhotlheletso ya lone go pateletsa mafatshe a mangwe go dumalana go emisa go gweba ka makgoba le go letlelela sesole go tshwara dikepe tsa one tsa makgoba.[18][19]

Mo dingwageng tsa 1807 go tsena ka 1823, ba ba kgatlhanong le bokgoba ba ne ba supa kgatlhego e se kae mo go emiseng bokgoba ka sebele. Eric Williams o ne a bega tshedimosetso ka itsholelo mo go ikgagapeleleng le mo bokgobeng go supa fa kgwebo ya bokgoba e sena dipoelo dipe tse dintsi fa e tshwantshanngwa le dipolasi tsa sukiri kwa Carribean, ka jalo bokgoba bo ne jwa tswelela ka go phophoma mo mafelong ao. Le fa gontse jalo, go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1823, mohama wa sukiri wa kwa Carribean o ne wa itemogela kwelo tlase, palamente ya Britain ya se ka ya tlhola e bona go le mosola go sireletsa kgatlhego ya itsholelo ya balemi ba sukri ba lotso lwa India kwa borwa.[20]

Ka ngwaga wa 1823, mokgatlho o o kgatlhanong le bokgoba wa Anti-Slavery Society o ne wa simolodisiwa kwa London. Maloko a one a ne a akaretsa Joseph Sturge, Thomas Clarkson, William Wilverforce, Henry Brougham, Thomas Fowell Buxton, Elizabeth Heyrick, Mary Lloyd, Jane Smeal, Elizabeth Pease le Anne Knight.[21] Babolotsa letsholo ba ba tlhakantseng lotso le mmala ba kwa Jamaica, ba tshwana le Louis Celeste Lecesne le Richard Hill le bone e ne e le maloko a mokgatlho o o.

Ka malatsi a boikhutso a keresemose ya ngwaga wa 1831, go nne ga le botsuolodi jo bogolo jwa makgoba, jo bo itsegeng ka leina la Baptis War. Pele bo ne bo rulagantswe e le mogwanto wa kagiso, ba kgona go tlhoma setlhopha se se ganetsang phediso ya bokgoba, ke moruti wa kereke ya Baptist Samuel Sharpe.

Metswedi

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  1. ↑ "Slavery Abolition Act | History & Impact | Britannica". E nopotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le malatsi a mane ka 2025.
  2. ↑ Peter P. Inks, John R. Michigan, R. Owen Williams (2007) Encyclopedia of antislavery and abolition, p. 643. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007
  3. ↑ Blumrosen, Alfred W; Blumrosen, Ruth G. (2005). Slave Nation: How Slavery United the Colonies and Sparked the American Revolution. Sourcebooks. ISBN 0760778779.[tsebe e ya tlhokafala]
  4. ↑ Law, Liberty and the Constitution – A Brief History of the Common Law, by Harry Potter; ISBN 978-1783275038[tsebe e a tlhokafala]
  5. ↑ (1827) 2 Hag Adm 94 Archived 16 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi mane ka 2025.
  6. ↑ Simon Schama, Rough Crossings (London: BBC Books, 2005), p. 61. [ISBN ga e yo]
  7. ↑ "Record of Ignatius Sancho's vote in the general election, October 1774". British Library. Archived from the original on 30 September 2020. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le malatsi mane ka 2025.
  8. ↑ Ignatius Sancho (1778). Letters of the Late Ignatius Sancho. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le malatsi mane ka 2025.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Chloe Cooley and the 1793 Act to Limit Slavery in Upper Canada" (PDF). Ontario Heritage Trust. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 February 2017. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a mane ka 2025.
  10. ↑ "Foundation of the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade". History of Information. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. E nopotswe kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le malatsi a le mane ka 2025.
  11. ↑ "British History – Abolition of the Slave Trade 1807". BBC. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a mane ka 2025.
  12. ↑ "Wedgwood". Archived from the original on 8 July 2009. E nopotswe kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le malatsi a le mane ka 2025.
  13. ↑ Getz, Trevor; Clarke, Liz (2016). Abina and The Important Men, A Graphic History. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 122.
  14. ↑ William Wilberforce: A Man for All Seasons Archived 26 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine. CBN. E nopotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo a le malatsi a mane ka 2025.
  15. ↑ 1807 – The Abolition of Slavery The abolition of the slave trade – Chasing Freedom: The Royal Navy and the suppression of the transatlantic slave trade Royal Naval Museum, Portsmouth Historic Dockyard Archived 4 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine history.ac.uk, accessed 06 June 2025
  16. ↑ "Chasing Freedom Information Sheet". Royal Naval Museum. Archived from the original on 10 December 2009. Retrieved 6 June 2025.
  17. ↑ "Chasing Freedom Exhibition: the Royal Navy and the Suppression of the Transatlantic Slave Trade". Royal Naval Museum. Archived from the original on 10 December 2009. Retrieved 6 June 2025.
  18. ↑ Falola, Toyin; Warnock, Amanda (2007). Encyclopedia of the middle passage. Greenwood Press. pp. xxi, xxxiii–xxxiv. ISBN 978-0313334801.
  19. ↑ "The legal and diplomatic background to the seizure of foreign vessels by the Royal Navy". Archived from the original on 10 June 2010. Retrieved 6 June 2025.
  20. ↑ Williams, Eric (1964), Capitalism and Slavery (London: Andre Deutsch).
  21. ↑ Slavery and abolition. Oxford University Press[dead link]
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