Motshwari wa makgoba
Motshwari wa makgoba ke motho yo o thapilweng go latedisa le go busetsa makgoba a a tshabileng kwa go ba ba dirileng makgoba. Batshwari ba ntlha ba makgoba kwa Amerika ba ne ba le matlhagatlhaga kwa dikoloning tsa Yuropa kwa West Indies ka lekgolo la dingwaga la bolesome le borataro. Kwa Virginia le Carolina tsa bokolone, batshwari ba makgoba (jaaka karolo ya thulaganyo ya go kata makgoba) ba ne ba thapiwa ke bajadi ba Borwa go simolola ka ngwagakgolo wa bolesome le borobabedi go busetsa makgoba a a tshabileng; kgopolo e ne ya anama ka bonako kwa Dikoloning tsotlhe tse di Lesome le boraro.[1][2] Morago ga go tlhongwa ga Amerika, batshwari ba makgoba ba ne ba tswelela go thapiwa mo godimo ga go nna matlhagatlhaga kwa mafatsheng a mangwe tse a a neng a sa fedisa bokgoba, jaaka Brazil. Ditiro tsa batho ba ba neng ba tshwara makgoba ba ba tswang kwa Amerika Borwa di ne tsa nna selo se se neng se baka kganetsano e kgolo pele ga Ntwa ya Selegae ya Amerika; Molao wa Makgoba a a Tshabileng o ne o batla gore batho ba ba nnang kwa Bokone jwa Amerika ba thuse batho ba ba tshwarang makgoba. Batshwari ba makgoba kwa Amerika ba ne ba emisa go nna matlhagatlhaga fa go ne go amogelwa Phetolo ya molaomotheo wa kwa United States ya lesome le boraro.
Ditso tsa batshwari ba makgoba kwa Amerika
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Batshwari ba ntlha ba makgoba kwa Amerika ba ne ba le matlhagatlhaga kwa dikoloning tsa Yuropa kwa West Indies ka lekgolo la dingwaga la bolesomethataro. Kwa Virginia le Carolina tsa bokolone, batshwari ba makgoba (jaaka karolo ya thulaganyo ya go kata makgoba) ba ne ba thapiwa ke bajadi ba Borwa go simolola ka ngwagakgolo wa bolesomerobedi go busetsa makgoba a a tshabileng; kgopolo e ne ya anama ka bonako kwa Dikoloning tsotlhe tse di Lesometharo.[3]: 7 Batshwari ba makgoba kwa Amerika e ne e le batswakwa ba basweu ba ba neng ba thapilwe ke bajadi go laola palo e e oketsegang ka bonako ya batho ba ba dirilweng makgoba ka ntlha ya kgwebo ya makgoba ya go kgabaganya Atlantic. Maiteko ano a ntlha a go tlhoma thulaganyo ya go paterola makgoba a ne a kgorelediwa ke palo e nnye ya batshwari ba makgoba ba ba neng ba dira mo lefelong le legolo. Ka ntlha ya seo, bontsi jwa batho ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba kgona go falola go lemogiwa mme ba tshabela kwa dikgaolong tse ba neng ba ka tshela kwa go tsone e le batho ba mmala ba ba gololesegileng.[4]
Go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga molao kwa Amerika wa bokolone
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Motlha wa bokolone wa Amerika o ne wa bona go tlhaga tsamaiso ya go dira gore molao o diragadiwe e e neng e tshwana le ya kwa Yuropa. Kwa Dikoloning tsa Bokone, tse di ne di na le balebedi, ba ba neng ba thapilwe ke baagi ba ba ikemetseng go tlhokomela mebila le go boloka thulaganyo; kwa Dikoloning tse di kwa Borwa, go dira gore molao o diragadiwe go ne go lebisitswe thata mo go tlhokomeleng batho ba le bantsi ba Maaforika a Amerika ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ba neng ba bereka mo masimong. Ditlhopha tseo di ne di na le bobedi jwa bajadi le bakolone ba ba neng ba sena makgoba, mme ba ne ba duelwa ke bajadi go batla makgoba a a tshabileng. Le fa go ntse jalo, Dikoloni tsa Borwa di ne di na le batho ba bannye thata go feta tsa Bokone, mme seno se ne se dira gore batho ba ba neng ba tshwara makgoba ba nne le mathata. Le fa bokgoba bo ne bo le teng kwa Dikoloning tsa Bokone, bontsi jwa batho ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba kwa Amerika ya Bokolone ba ne ba nna kwa Borwa, mme seno sa dira gore palo e e sa lekaneng ya batshwari ba makgoba ba nne matlhagatlhaga mo kgaolong eo. Le fa boraditso ba lemogile gore kgang e ga e a emelwa sentle mo ditsong tsa Amerika, balemi ba basadi le bone ba ne ba tla tsaya karolo mo maitekong a go gapa makgoba a a tshabileng gape.[3]: 2 [5]: 123[6] Mo e ka nnang motho mongwe le mongwe yo o neng a batla makgoba o ne a ka kgona go nna motsomi wa makgoba, mme o ne a ka atlega.[7]
Melao ya makgoba a a tshabileng
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Batho ba basweu ba ba neng ba bata go fedisa bokgoba le ope fela yo o neng a thusa go golola kgotsa go fitlha makgoba ba ne ba otlhaelwa maiteko a bone. Pego nngwe ya go tshwarwa ga makgoba a a tshabileng ka tsela e e setlhogo e ne e le ya Masole a lewatle a Amerika a ka nna makgolo a mabedi a a neng a felegetsa lekgoba le le lengwe le le tshabileng go boela kwa tlhokomelong ya mong wa lone.[citation needed] Jaaka fa melao le kwa Bokone e ne e otlhaya batho ba ba neng ba thusa makgoba go tshaba mmogo le makgoba a a tshabileng, bontsi jwa bone ba ne ba tshabela kwa Canada kwa bokgoba bo neng bo fedisitswe ka 1834.
Ka go fetisiwa ga Molao wa Makgoba a a Tshabileng wa 1850, ditiro tsa batshwari ba makgoba di ne tsa nolofadiwa ke go laela badirelapuso go batla le go sekisa makgoba a a tshabileng, go naya batshwari ba makgoba kgololesego e ntsi ya go dira ka fa tlase ga molao.[8] Ka molao oo, go begwa gore batshwari ba makgoba ba ne ba kgona go bona ditaelo tsa go tshwara ba ba neng ba supiwa e le makgoba a a tshabileng.[9][page needed]
Dikarabo tsa Bokone
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Bokone bo ne jwa nna kgatlhanong thata le kgopolo ya gore go nne le batho ba ba tshwarang makgoba a a tshabileng. Dikgaolo di le mmalwa tsa Bokone di ne tsa fetisa melao e mesha ya kgololesego ya motho ka namana di sa dumalane le maiteko a Borwa a go dira gore makgoba a tshwarwe le go busiwa. Go tshwara makgoba go ne go letleletswe kwa Bokone mme melao e mesha kwa Bokone e ne e sa dire gore go se kgonege go tshwara makgoba a a tshabileng. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ne ga nna thata, ga tura, e bile ga ja nako mo e leng gore batshwari ba makgoba ba ba tshabileng le beng ba one ba ne ba tlogela go leka.[10]
Molao wa Makgoba a a Tshabileng o ne wa nonotsha tsibogo ya bafedisi kgatlhanong le batshwari ba makgoba, ka ditlhopha tsa bafedisi go akaretsa le Free Soil Party di buelela tiriso ya ditlhobolo go emisa batshwari ba makgoba le batshwari ba makgoba, ba e bapisa le Phetogo ya Amerika. Dingwaga tsa bo 1850 di ne tsa bona tlhatlogo e e bonalang ya dikgotlhang tsa tirisodikgoka magareng ga bafedisi le ba tiragatso ya molao, ka ditlhopha tse dikgolo tse di neng tsa tlhamiwa go lwantsha ditiro tse di neng di tshosetsa makgoba a a tshabileng.[8] Batshwari ba makgoba ba ne ba fokodiwa thata ka palo ka nako ya Ntwa ya Selegae ya Amerika ka bontsi jwa bone ba ne ba tsenela kgotsa ba tsenngwa mo Sesoleng sa Confederate; mme motheo wa go kata makgoba o ne a nyelela morago ga gore Phetolo ya molaomotheo wa kwa United States ya lesome le boraro e fedise bokgoba kwa Amerika.[3]: 340
Metswedi
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]- ↑ Kappeler (7 January 2014). "A Brief History of Slavery and the Origins of American Policing". EKU Online. Eastern Kentucky University. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boferabobedi ka 2025
- ↑ Wells (2019). Blind No More African American Resistance, Free-Soil Politics, and the Coming of the Civil War. University of Georgia Press. pp. 12, 44, 86–88. ISBN 9780820354842. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boferabobedi ka 2025.
- 1 2 3 Hadden, Sally E. (2001). Slave Patrols: Law and Violence in Virginia and the Carolinas. Harvard Historical Studies. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 340. ISBN 9780674012349. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boferabobedi ka 2025.
- ↑ Lubet, Steven (2010). Fugitive Justice: Runaways, Rescuers, and Slavery on Trial. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. pp. 1. ISBN 978-0674047044.
- ↑ The Fugitive Slave Law and Its Victims.New York: The American Anti-Slavery Society. ISBN 978-0469387676
- ↑ Jackson, Kellie Carter (2019). Force and Freedom: Black Abolitionists and the Politics of Violence. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 60-61 ISBN 978-0469387676. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boferabobedi ka 2025.
- ↑ Lubet, Steven (2010). Fugitive Justice: Runaways, Rescuers, and Slavery on Trial. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. pp. 234. ISBN 978-0674047044. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boferabobedi ka 2025.
- 1 2 Foner, Eric (2 February 2016). Gateway to Freedom. National Geographic Books. pp. 126–150. ISBN 978-0393352191. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boferabobedi ka 2025.
- ↑ Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends (1841). Slavery and the Domestic Slave Trade in the United States. Merrihew and Thompson. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boferabobedi ka 2025.
- ↑ John Hope Franklin; Loren Schweninger (20 July 2000). Runaway Slaves: Rebels on the Plantation. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 978-0-19-508451-1. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boferabobedi ka 2025.