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Noka ya Bani

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Mafaratlhatlha a noka ya Bali

Noka ya Bani ke one motswedi wa boremelelo wa noka ya Niger kwa Mali.[1] Noka e, e tlhamiwa ke go kopana ga dinoka tsa Baoule le Bagoe dikhilomithara di le lekgolo, le masome a marataro kwa botlhaba jwa Bamako, e kopana le noka ya Niger kwa Mopti. E boleele jwa dikhilomithara di le sekete le lekgolo.

Popego

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Noka ya Bani e na le metswedi e le meraro e megolo: noka ya Baoule e e tlhatlogang gaufi le Odienne kwa Côte d'Ivore e feta kwa borwa jwa Bougouni, noka ya Bagoe e e tlhatlogang gaufi le Boundiali kwa Côte d'Ivore le Banifing-Lotio e e tshelwang ke kgaolo e e gaufi le Sikasso. Kgampu e e bayang metsi a yone e kwa godimo ga Douna e bophara jwa dikhilomithara di le dikete di le lekgolo le bobedi, 85% ya yone e kwa borwa jwa Mali fa 15% e le kwa bokone jwa Côte d'Ivore.

Senepe sa Bani. Toropo ya San e kwa borwa jwa noka gaufi le legare la senepe. Letamo la Talo le gaufi le lotjatja kwa molemeng

Pula e e nang ka ngwaga e a farologana mo lefelong leo, kwa borwa kwa Côte d'Ivore go na pula ya dimi milimithara di le sekete le makgolo a matlhano ka ngwaga fa kwa bokone gaufi le Douna[2] go na pula ya dimilimithara di le makgolo a supa fela ka ngwaga.[3][4][5] Go tswa ka 1965 go tsena 1995 seelo sa pula mo ngwageng kwa kgampung eo e ne e le dimilimithara di le sekete le lekgolo.[6] Pula e na ka dipaka dingwe, bontsi jwa yone e le ka Motsheganong go tsena Phalane. Pula e ntsi go feta e na ka Phatwe.

Go tshologa ga noka ya Bani le gone go diragala ka dipaka dingwe, e elela thata kwa bofelong jwa Lwetse, fa e sa elele thata ka Tlhakole go tsena Seetebosigo. Noka e tsena kwa makgadikgading a Niger kwa bokone jwa San, morago ga dipula tsa ngwaga le ngwaga noka e a elela e bo e apese kgampu.

Go na le pharologanyo e ntsi thata mo go neng ga pula, ka jalo, go nne le pharologanyo e ntsi mo boleng jwa metsi a a elelang mo nokeng. Komelelo e e simologileng ka dingwaga tsa 1970 e ne ya baka phokotsego e ntsi ya kelelo ya noka go tsena gompieno metsi a a elelang a kwa tlase thata fa a tshwantshanngwa le a a lemogilweng ka dingwag tsa 1950 go tsena 1960. Phokotsego ya go elela ga metsi e ne e le ntsi go gaisa phokotsego ya pula. Pula e e neleng ka 1981 go tsena 1989 e ne e le kwa tlase ka 20% go gaisa ya 1961 go tsena 1970 fa metsi a a tswang mo nokeng one a ne a fokotsegile ka 75%. Ditlamorago tsa pula e e fokotsegileng di ne di se maswe thata mo metsweding e mengwe ya Niger. Ka nako eo, kgampu ya Niger kwa godimo le yone e ne ya itemogela kwelo tlase ya 20% ya pula mme dipalo tsa kwa Koulikoro di ne di fokotsegile ka 50% fela wa dipalo tsa pele.[7] Ka ntlha ya phokotsego ya metsi, le ka ngwaga o pula e neleng thata, metsi a atswang kwa Bani a mannye go geta ka dingwaga tsa pula tsa 1950 go tsena 1960.[6]

Letamo la Talo

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Ka ngwaga wa 2006, letamo la Talo le ne la agiwa go nosetsa dikgaolo dingwe tsa kgampu kwa borwa jwa noka gaufi le toropo ya San. Pele ga kago ya letamo, dikgaolo tse di ne di nna le merwalela fela fa pula e nele thata, morwalela wa bofelo ke wa 1967. Letamo le dikhilomithara di le masome a mane le boraro kwa bophirima jwa San, dikhilomithara di le masome a marataro le borataro kwa tlase ga Douna le dikhilomithara di le lekgolo le lesome kwa godimo ga Djenne.[8] Letamo le bereka jaaka sekganedi ka gore metsi a kgona go feta kwa godimo ga lebotana la lone. Kago ya letamo e ne e na le dikganedi tse dintsi.[9] Tshekatsheko ya ditlamorago mo tikologong e e dirilweng ke ba African Development Bank[10] e ne ya kgalwa go bo e sa ela tlhoko ditlamorago tsa metsi kwa tlase ga letamo.[11]

Letamo le dimithara di le tlhano go ya kwa godimo, le di le makgolo a mabedi, masome a robabongwe le botlhano ka boleele, le dira lekadiba la seelo se se ka bayang dikhilomithara di le 0.18 tsa metsi. Seelo se se emetse 1.3% wa metsi a a tswang mo nokeng ka ngwaga.[12][13] Metsi a a elelelang kwa tlase a dimithara di le lesome a ka tshwarwa ka nako ya komelelo ka go bula kgoro e e tshololang metsi. Mo dipegong tse di begilweng, ga go a tlhamalala gore ke metsi a le kae a a tlaa dirisiwang go nosetsa, le gore ke a le kae a one a a tlaa boelang mo nokeng. Ditlamorago e tlaa nna go dia kgorogo ya morwalela wa ngwaga le ngwaga le go fokotsa bogale jwa one.

Letamo la Djenne

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Ka Motsheganong 2009, African Development Bank e ne ya tlhomamisa madi a letamo le le nostsang go agiwa kwa nokeng ya bani gaufi le Soala, motse o o dikhilomithara di le lesome le bobedi kwa borwa jwa Djenne.[14][15] Letamo le, ke selo se le sengwe fela mo lenanenong la didikadike di le masome a marataro le borataro le le akaretsang gape kago ya letamo kwa nokeng ya Sankarani gaufi le Kourouba le go okediwa ga lefelo le le nosediwang ke letamo la Talo.[16] Letamo la kakanyetso la Djenne le tlaa tshwara metsi a dikhilomithara di le 0.3, a feta a letamo la Talo thata. Le tlaa letla go tlhatsa mo go laolwang ga diheketara di le dikete di le lesome le bone tsa kgampu ya Pondori go letla go lemiwa ga raese le nosetso ya diheketara di le dikete tse tlhano tse di okeditsweng go lema tlhaga e e jewang ke loruo.

Ditlamorago tsa matamo a mo merwaleleng ya makgadikgadi a Niger kwa tlase ga Mopti di solofetswe fa di tlaa se ke di nne kalo[17], ka metsi a a tswang kwa Bani e le bongwe mo borarong fela jwa Niger: go tswa ka 1952 go tsena 2002 metsi a a elelang kwa Douna e ne e le dikhilomithara di le makgolo a mane, masome a mabedi lebone fa a tshwantshanngwa le dimithara di le sekete, makgoloa mabedi le masome a robabobedi kwa Niger kwa Koulikoro.[13]

Metswedi

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  1. ↑ Bani means "little river" in Mande languages.Delafosse, Maurice (1912) .Haut-Sénégal-Niger. Volume 1 Le Pays, les Peuples, les Langues.
  2. ↑ The Douna Hydrometric Station is located at 13.213853°N 5.903105°W near the bridge over the river carrying the RN6 highway from Ségou to Bla.
  3. ↑ Golitzen, Katherin George, ed. (2005), The Niger River Basin: A vision for sustainable management (PDF), Washington, DC.: World Bank
  4. ↑ Zwarts, Leo; van Beukering, Pieter; Kone, Bakary; Wymenga, Eddy, eds. (2005), The Niger, a lifeline: Effective water management in the Upper Niger Basin (PDF), Veenwouden, the Netherlands: Altenburg & Wymenga, ISBN 90-807150-6-9, archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-24, retrieved 2026-06-22
  5. ↑ Mahé, Gil (2009), "Surface/groundwater interactions in the Bani and Nakambe rivers, tributaries of the Niger and Volta basins, West Africa", Hydrological Sciences Journal, 54 (4): 704–712, Bibcode:2009HydSJ..54..704M, doi:10.1623/hysj.54.4.704
  6. 1 2 Mahé 2009.
  7. ↑ Golitzen 2005, p. 92 Table A2.4.
  8. ↑ The dam is located at 13.2774°N 5.2929°W.
  9. ↑ Meierotto, Lisa (2009), "The uneven geographies of transnational advocacy: The case of the Talo Dam" (PDF), Journal of Environmental Management, 90 (Suppl. 3): S279–S285, Bibcode:2009JEnvM..90S.279M, doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.07.024, PMID 19008033, archived from the original (PDF) on 7 February 2014, retrieved 22 June 2026
  10. ↑ Moyen Bani plains development program: Summary of the environmental impact assessment (PDF), African Development Fund, 1997
  11. ↑ Fisher, William; Meierotto, Lisa; Russel, Ryan (2001), The Talo Dam Project: Projet de Mise en Valeur Des Plaines Du Moyen Bani (PDF), Clark University, archived from the original on 2011-07-26
  12. ↑ A flow of 1 m3 (35 ft3) corresponds to 0.0316 km3 (0.0076 mi3) per year. 424 m3/s (15,000 cu ft/s) is equivalent to 13.4 km3 (3.2 mi3)/y
  13. 1 2 Politique Nationale de l'eau (PDF), République du Mali, Ministère des Mines, de l’énergie et de l’eau: Direction Nationale de l'Hydraulique, 2006, archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-03, retrieved 22 June 2026
  14. ↑ The village of Saola is located on the left back of the Bani at 13.79824°N 4.531775°W
  15. ↑ Mali: 33.6 billion FCFA and an additional 76.2 billion FCFA for the development of irrigation, African Development Bank, 2009, retrieved 22 June 2026
  16. ↑ Mali: Irrigation Development Programme - Phase I, Summary Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (PDF), African Development Bank, 2008, retrieved 22 June 2026
  17. ↑ Zwarts, Leo; van Beukering, Pieter; Kone, Bakary; Wymenga, Eddy, eds. (2005), The Niger, a lifeline: Effective water management in the Upper Niger Basin (PDF), Veenwouden, the Netherlands: Altenburg & Wymenga, ISBN 90-807150-6-9, archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-24, retrieved 2026-06-22
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