Noka ya Kagera
Noka ya Kagera, e e itsegeng gape jaaka Noka ya Akagera, kgotsa Alexandra Nile, ke noka ya Aforika Botlhaba, e e bopang karolo ya ditlhogo tse di kwa godimo tsa Nile mme e rwala metsi go tswa kwa motsweding wa yone o o kgakala thata.[1]: 167 Ka boleele jotlhe jwa dikilometara di le masome a matlhano,masome a robabongwe le bosupa (371 mi) go tswa kwa motsweding wa yone kwa Landawa Rru.
Karolo ya noka e e bidiwang Kagera e simolola kwa Burundi, e elela go tswa kwa Letsheng la Rweru. Go tswa mo letsheng leno, le elela kwa botlhaba go bapa le melelwane ya Rwanda le Burundi le Rwanda le Tanzania go ya kwa e kopanang teng le Noka ya Ruvubu. Ka jalo metsi a Kagera a tlamelwa ke melatswana e mebedi e metona, e leng Nyabarongo ya Rwanda, e e fepang Letsha la Rweru, le Ruvubu ya Burundi. Ga go itsiwe gore ke efe ya dinoka tseno tse pedi tse di tshwlang e telele mme ka jalo e le motswedi wa bofelo wa Nile. Go tswa kwa kgolaganong, Kagera e elela kwa bokone go bapa le molelwane wa Rwanda le Tanzania, go feta Diphororo tsa Rusumo le go ralala Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Akagera. Go tswa foo e retologela kwa botlhaba, e latela molelwane wa Tanzania le Uganda mme e tshologela mo Letsheng la Victoria kwa Uganda. Ka ngwaga wa 1898, Richard Kandt e ne e le Moyuropa wa ntlha go fitlha kwa motsweding wa Kagera.[2]
Noka eno e ile ya tlhagelela thata mo ditiragalo tsa mafatshe a e fetang mo go tsone, segolobogolo Rwanda. Ka ngwaga wa1894, Mojeremane Gustav Adolf von Götzen o ne a kgabaganya Kagera kwa Diphororo tsa Rusumo, a tshwaya motlha wa bokoloniale wa Rwanda o o neng wa simolola semmuso ka ngwaga wa 1899. Mme ka ngwaga wa 1916, ka nako ya Ntwa ya Lefatshe I, Ba-Belgium ba ne ba fenya Bajeremane, ba tsena mo Rwanda ka tsela e e tshwanang. Noka eno e ne ya itsege thata mo mafatsheng a mangwe ka ngwaga wa 1994 ka go rwala ditopo tsa polao ya batho ba kwa Rwanda go tsena mo Letsheng la Victoria, mme seno sa dira gore go itsisiwe maemo a tshoganyetso mo mafelong a Uganda, koo ditopo tseno di neng tsa feleletsa di tlhatswitswe gone.
Thutafatshe
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Noka ya Kagera e tlhatloga kwa Burundi mme e elela kwa Letsheng la Victoria. Ke kelelo e tona go gaisa tsotlhe e e tsenang gangwe fela mo letsheng, e e nang le seabe mo go ka nnang dikhubikimetara di le dibilione di le 6.4 tsa metsi ka ngwaga (mo e ka nnang diperesente di le 28 tsa kelelo e e tswang mo letsheng).[3] Kagera e bopilwe ke go kopana ga Ruvuvu le Nyabarongo, gaufi le ntlha e e kwa bokone thata ya Letsha la Tanganyika.[4]E bopa dikarolo tsa melelwane ya Burundi–Tanzania, Rwanda–Tanzania, Burundi–Rwanda le Tanzania–Uganda. E adima leina la yone ke Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Akagera kwa bokone jwa Rwanda, mmogo le Kgaolo ya Kagera kwa Tanzania. Mo nokeng eno go na le Diphororo tsa Rusumo, e leng lefelo le le botlhokwa la go kgabaganya Rwanda le Tanzania. E gaufi le toropo ya Rusumo.
Tlhapi
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Kgaolo ya Noka ya Kagera e humile ka ditlhapi. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le motso, go ne go na le bonnye mefuta e le masome a matlhano le botlhano e e itsiweng go tswa mo karolong ya Rwanda fela mme palo ya nnete e ka tswa e le kwa godimo.[5] Mefuta e mengwe e le supa e kwadilwe mo dipatlisisong tse dingwe.[6][7]Mo godimo ga moo, go na le bonnye mefuta e le lesome le bosupa e e sa tlhalosiwang ya di-haplochromine cichlid tse di fitlhelwang mo makadibeng mangwe a a mo dikarolong tse di kwa godimo tsa noka.[8] Ka ntlha ya diphororo tse dintsi le diphororo tse di bofefo, dikarolo tse di farologaneng tsa lefelo la Noka ya Kagera di kgaogane sentle, mme seno se dira gore go nne thata kgotsa le eleng go sa kgonege go tsamaya ga ditlhapi fa gare ga tsone.[5][9]
Mofuta mongwe o o itsiweng o ne o nna mo beisineng, e leng Labeobarbus microbarbis, jaanong o tsewa o sa tlhole o le teng.
Polao ya semorafe
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Ka nako ya polao ya semorafe ya Rwanda ka ngwaga wa 1994, Kagera e ne e dirisiwa go latlha ditopo jaaka diketekete tsa Matutsi le Bahutu ba ba itekanetseng mo dipolotiking ba ne ba bolawa mo letshitshing la noka.[10]Noka e ne ya tlisa ditopo tse di bolailweng mo Letsheng la Victoria, mme ya baka kotsi e e masisi mo botsogong kwa Uganda.[11]
Metswedi
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]- ↑ Stanley, H.M., 1899, Through the Dark Continent, London: G. Newnes, ISBN 0486256677
- ↑ "GERMAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CARTOGRAPHY OF SOUTH WEST AND EAST AFRICA FROM MID 19th CENTURY TO WORLD WAR I" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2019-09-21.
- ↑ Rangeley, p. 54
- ↑ Dumont, p. 341
- 1 2 De Vos, L; J. Snoeks; D.T. van den Audenaerde (2001). "An Annotated Checklist of the Fishes of Rwanda (East Central Africa), With Historical Data on Introductions of Commercially Important Species". Journal of East African Natural History. 90 (1): 41–68. doi:10.2982/0012-8317(2001)90[41:AACOTF]2.0.CO;2.
- ↑ Olokotum, Mark (2022), Fish Biodiversity Assessments for Conservation and Hydropower Developments, Mark Olokotum, Laban Musinguzi, National Fisheries Resources Research Institute, doi:10.15468/JS65TH, retrieved 2025-06-1
- ↑ Olokotum, Mark (2022), Fish species observations from a monitoring survey of two Lake Victoria affluent rivers (Rivers Kagera and Sio), Mark Olokotum, Laban Musinguzi, National Fisheries Resources Research Institute, doi:10.15468/WSXMK6, retrieved 2025-06-14
- ↑ Sayer, C.A.; L. Máiz-Tomé; W.R.T. Darwall (2018). Freshwater biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin: Guidance for species conservation, site protection, climate resilience and sustainable livelihoods. Cambridge, UK and Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. doi:10.2305/IUCN.CH.2018.RA.2.en. ISBN 9782831718965.
- ↑ Berakhi, Robel Ogbaghebriel; Oyana, Tonny J.; Adu-Prah, Samuel (2014-05-23). "Land use and land cover change and its implications in Kagera river basin, East Africa". African Geographical Review. 34 (3): 209–231. doi:10.1080/19376812.2014.912140. ISSN 1937-6812. S2CID 153931262
- ↑ January, p. 83
- ↑ Lorch, Donatella (21 May 1994), "Thousands of Rwanda Dead Wash Down to Lake Victoria", The New York Times, archived from the original on 17 March 2013, retrieved 26 February 2010